Sentences with phrase «in any given cell type»

While all cells in a specific organism share the identical DNA sequence, only a fraction of those genes are activated in a given cell type.

Although nearly all human cell types contain every one of our 20,000 - odd genes, «most are shut off in any given cell type because they are packed up and unable to serve as a template for proteins,» Lewis says.

Not exact matches

Both types of yeasts are a single cell fungus that breaks down the starches in wheat flour through the process of fermentation to create sugar that gives off carbon dioxide gas that makes the bread rise.

Scientists have long speculated that astrocytes, the cell type that controls many neuronal functions, give rise to neural stem cells in damaged brain tissue.

Normally, the cells Nobel used for the test would divide and give rise to a specialized type of cell in the central nervous system called an oligodendrocyte.

In the latest study, the researchers hypothesize that the downregulation of these three genes reprograms the cells so that they return to an embryonic - like state, in which they have the potential to give rise to a number of different cell typeIn the latest study, the researchers hypothesize that the downregulation of these three genes reprograms the cells so that they return to an embryonic - like state, in which they have the potential to give rise to a number of different cell typein which they have the potential to give rise to a number of different cell types.

Every cell type has the same genes, but each gets different instructions to turn on only those needed in a given cellular context.

The latter type of research, in which human cells or tissue are integrated into animals, was given the green light in the United Kingdom in October 2008, when the British House of Commons approved a bill that expanded the country's rules governing work with human embryos.

What he instead plans to do is turn the iPSCs into blood - forming stem cells, which when transplanted into the body would give rise to all of the cell types found in the blood.

Different sets of progenitor cells in the heart give rise to two different types of heart cells — muscle and nonmuscle.

In fact, both human and zebrafish eyes contain Müller glia, an «inducible» stem cell type that gives zebrafish their remarkable regenerative abilities.

The results help fill in the scientific puzzle kicked off by Dolly's cloning, which proved that mammalian egg cells were capable of dissolving the genetic roadblocks that limit the potential of most adult cells to give rise to only a single type of tissue — that of the organ from which they hail — whereas embryonic stem cells have the potential to become virtually any kind of body tissue.

More than a decade ago, Clevers identified a type of mother cell in the gut that can give birth to all other intestinal cells.

All formed the same types of stem cells, which give rise to «progenitor» cells that, in turn, divide into neurons and eventually organize themselves in six layers of brain tissue.

Understanding how a particular DNA sequence gives rise to a particular protein provides us with some insight into that protein, but a deeper investigation of how the protein is made, where it is located, and how much of it is present in different cell types is required to enable a true understanding of its function.

Those switches can be both near and far from the gene they regulate and act in different combinations in different cell types to give each cell type a unique genomic identity.

In addition, they also counted the numbers of various types of single - celled organisms called testate amoebae, whose population changes depending on the amount of water in the bog, giving an indication of how wet or dry the climate was during different periodIn addition, they also counted the numbers of various types of single - celled organisms called testate amoebae, whose population changes depending on the amount of water in the bog, giving an indication of how wet or dry the climate was during different periodin the bog, giving an indication of how wet or dry the climate was during different periods.

• Given the fact that normal cells possess wild - type p53 function, FL118 - induced p53 activation might explain the favorable toxicology profile of FL118: highly toxic to cancer cells but not so in healthy animal cells, and these different consequences might be mediated through p53 activation.

Aging is a key risk factor for sAML because, over time, hematopoietic stem cells (which give rise to all other blood cell types) accumulate DNA mutations and changes in other molecules that put DNA instructions into action, such as RNA and proteins.

This process, called cell differentiation, gives rise to all the various cell types, such as nerve, muscle, or blood cells, which are diverse in shape and function and make up tissues and organs.

Through laser imaging at speeds up to 3,000 frames per second, a computer can capture images from all angles and reconstruct a model of all cells in the given sample, testing for all types of cancer in a matter of minutes.

After they gave birth, she measured the levels and types of immune cells in both the mothers» blood and the babies» umbilical cord blood.

In June the team announced that the cells had given rise to almost every type of tissue — neurons, blood, liver, muscle, and more (researchers have not yet spotted sperm or egg tissue but hope to find them).

The subventricular zone is a unique region of the brain where neural stem cells, which ultimately give rise to all cell types in the brain, reside.

After collecting skin cells from people with and without schizophrenia, Gage and team genetically reprogrammed the cells to become pluripotent stem cells, with the youthful ability to give rise to any of the more than 200 cell types in the body.

For example, the researchers were able to identify previously unknown gene expression differences between the neural stem cells that give rise to the brain's deep structures versus its neocortical surface, and to show that molecular signatures of different neural cell types arise much earlier in brain development than previously realized.

The Zika virus infects a type of neural stem cell that gives rise to the brain's cerebral cortex, Johns Hopkins and Florida State researchers report March 4 in Cell Stem Ccell that gives rise to the brain's cerebral cortex, Johns Hopkins and Florida State researchers report March 4 in Cell Stem CCell Stem CellCell.

The specific type of cells the researchers in the new Nature Medicine paper looked at, and identified as giving rise to suPAR, are bone marrow GR - 1lo, Sca1 + immature myeloid cells.

«Our findings are important because knowing the location and specific cell type that require Jagged expression gives us the information we need to target therapeutics to the right place to compensate for the lack of Jagged function in Alagille syndrome,» says Dong.

A particular type of stem cell found in muscle can give rise to new muscle tissue, so a team led by geneticist Luis Garcia of Généthon, a nonprofit biotechnology firm in Évry, France, investigated whether these cells could be used to reverse the dystrophin problems.

In the breast, the ducts designed to carry milk during and after pregnancy are composed of two highly specialized cell types and a niche of stem cells that gives rise to both types.

In the original agreement, WARF gave Geron exclusive rights to develop diagnostic and treatment products in six types of stem cell - derived cell lines: pancreatic, heart muscle, nerve, blood, bone, and liveIn the original agreement, WARF gave Geron exclusive rights to develop diagnostic and treatment products in six types of stem cell - derived cell lines: pancreatic, heart muscle, nerve, blood, bone, and livein six types of stem cell - derived cell lines: pancreatic, heart muscle, nerve, blood, bone, and liver.

Given these conditions, we hypothesized that 5 - HT3 receptors would be implicated in the transmission of type III cell - mediated taste information from taste buds to the nerve fibers.

«This will also give greater insight into diseases like cancer, in which certain types of cells proliferate.

July 2009 - Switching on the power of stem cells Cambridge scientists reveal how the protein Nanog gives stem cells their unique abilities Researchers from the Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research at the University of Cambridge have pinpointed the role of the protein Nanog in a complex process that gives stem cells pluripotency: the ability to produce all the different cell types of the bCell Research at the University of Cambridge have pinpointed the role of the protein Nanog in a complex process that gives stem cells pluripotency: the ability to produce all the different cell types of the bcell types of the body.

New studies in mice have shown that immature stem cells that proliferate to form brain tissues can function for at least a year — most of the life span of a mouse — and give rise to multiple types of...

Pluripotent stem cells — those, like embryonic stem cells, that give rise to almost every type of cell in the body — can be converted into the different classes of retinal cells necessary for vision, according to a new, RPB - supported study from researchers at SUNY Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, N.Y.

While updating my database of human clinical trials using expanded human umbilical cord mesenchymal cells I came across a new article (April, 2016) describing a 36 - month safety in subjects given intravenous cells for in a type 2 diabetes study.

Embryonic stem cells, discovered in the Department of Genetics in the 1980s (for which Sir Martin Evans was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007), have become an important tool for developmental biology, understanding disease, and in regenerative medicine due to the ability to give rise to all cell types in culture.

The approach involves reprogramming skin cells into pluripotent stem cells, or cells that can give rise to any other fetal or adult cell type, and then inducing them to differentiate, or transform, into cells that perform a particular function — in this case, secreting insulin.

To achieve this that fate of these cells must be precisely regulated, such that the right number and type of cells is created at a given time and point in development.

In the study, researchers at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine gave mice mega-doses of bexarotene, a drug used to treat a type of skin cancer called cutaneous T - cell lymphoma.

cDNA libraries, which consist of plasmids that over-express coding sequences from a given cell type or organism, have been used in a similar manner to Cas9 activators.

Given that there are millions of cells in a typical skin biopsy (researchers used skin from either the end of the tail or from the ear of the mouse), that translates into thousands of stem cells, each one capable of developing into any cell type of the body.

To build an in vitro model of the human glomerulus to probe deeper into its function and vulnerabilities to disease and drug toxicities, researchers have been attempting to engineer human stem cells — that in theory can give rise to any mature cell type — so that they form into functional podocytes.

A complete Human Cell Atlas would give us a unique ID card for each cell type, a three - dimensional map of how cell types work together to form tissues, knowledge of how all body systems are connected, and insights into how changes in the map underlie health and diseCell Atlas would give us a unique ID card for each cell type, a three - dimensional map of how cell types work together to form tissues, knowledge of how all body systems are connected, and insights into how changes in the map underlie health and disecell type, a three - dimensional map of how cell types work together to form tissues, knowledge of how all body systems are connected, and insights into how changes in the map underlie health and disecell types work together to form tissues, knowledge of how all body systems are connected, and insights into how changes in the map underlie health and disease.

«The CREATE system gave us a good hit early on, but we are excited about the future potential of using this approach to generate viruses that have very good cell - type specificity in different organisms, especially the less genetically tractable ones,» says Gradinaru.

By looking for cell populations that would resemble the vertebrate chordamesoderm (a population of mesodermal midline cells that converge medially to give rise to the notochord; red in Fig. 1A), we identified segmental pairs of mesodermal cells on the non — bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) body side (5) that stood out by early and continuous expression of colA1, encoding collagen type A (Fig. 2, A to D).

Pluripotent stem cells can give rise to any type of cell in the body except those needed to support and develop a fetus in the womb.

Therefore, progenitor cells in wild - type dauer larvae maintain their ability to give rise to all proper cell types.