Sentences with phrase «in atmospheric aerosol»

And in particular, toward the recent winner of the Dan David Prize, the ``... towering figure in atmospheric aerosol research..

Berkemeier, T., S.S. Steimer, U. K. Krieger, T. Peter, U. Pöschl, M. Ammann, and M. Shiraiwa: Ozone uptake on glassy, semi-solid and liquid organic matter and the role of reactive oxygen intermediates in atmospheric aerosol chemistry, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18 (18), 12662 - 12674, 2016.

In the journal «Angewandte Chemie,» Jokinen and co-workers report that auto - oxidation, which can, for example spoil plastics or food, also plays an important role in the atmospheric aerosol formation.

Jacobson, M., 2001: Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols, Nature, 409:695 - 697; Sato, M. et al., 2003: Global atmospheric black carbon inferred from AERONET, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.

During the ~ 63 year period (1930 to 1992) cooling prevailed that can be attributed partially to an increases in atmospheric aerosols that reduce surface insolation.

There have been numerous research papers and reviews published over the past 10 years, including several in prestigious journals such as Nature and Science, that conclude that the observed temperature changes over the past 100 years are consistent with the combined changes in atmospheric aerosols (volcanic and anthropogenic), land surface changes, variations in solar irradiance and increases in greenhouse gases.

Not exact matches

Combined with a decrease in atmospheric water vapor and a weaker sun due to the most recent solar cycle, the aerosol finding may explain why climate change has not been accelerating as fast as it did in the 1990s.

«This is a cutting - edge study in the field of cloud - aerosol - precipitation interactions that includes an interdisciplinary group of atmospheric chemists and meteorologists,» he said.

After allowing for humidity and rainfall, they found that «aerosol optical thickness» — a measure of the concentration of atmospheric particles — decreased by only 10 to 15 per cent compared with the same periods in 2002 to 2007 (Geophysical Research Letters, in press).

«Volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere absorb infrared radiation, thereby heating up the stratosphere, and changing the wind conditions subsequently,» said Dr. Matthew Toohey, atmospheric scientist at GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel.

For example, the tiny particles known as aerosols are far better understood, says atmospheric scientist Piers Forster of the University of Leeds in England andalso a lead author.

Mission leaders were relieved and eager to begin their studies of cloud and haze effects, which «constitute the largest uncertainties in our models of future climate — that's no exaggeration,» says Jens Redemann, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, and the principal investigator for ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their IntEractionS (ORACLES).

And by carefully measuring and modeling the resulting changes in atmospheric composition, scientists could improve their estimate of how sensitive Earth's climate is to CO2, said lead author Joyce Penner, a professor of atmospheric science at the University of Michigan whose work focuses on improving global climate models and their ability to model the interplay between clouds and aerosol particles.

Black carbon aerosols — particles of carbon that rise into the atmosphere when biomass, agricultural waste, and fossil fuels are burned in an incomplete way — are important for understanding climate change, as they absorb sunlight, leading to higher atmospheric temperatures, and can also coat Arctic snow with a darker layer, reducing its reflectivity and leading to increased melting.

Schneider coauthored a 1971 article in the journal Science about atmospheric aerosols — floating particles of soil dust, volcanic ash, and human - made pollutants.

To investigate the layers and composition of clouds and tiny airborne particles like dust, smoke and other atmospheric aerosols,, scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland have developed an instrument called the Cloud - Aerosol Transport System, or CATS.

Non-polar glacial ice holds a wealth of information about past changes in climate, the environment and especially atmospheric composition, such as variations in temperature, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and emissions of natural aerosols or human - made pollutants... The glaciers therefore hold the memory of former climates and help to predict future environmental changes.

Submicron atmospheric aerosols, although they are not so visible, play a pivotal role in the climate system.

ARO scientists monitor a range of atmospheric phenomena, from the influence of gases and aerosols on Earth's climate to the impact of pollutants in the atmosphere.

Albedo modification might also work by using aerosols to seed cloud formation in a lower atmospheric layer called the troposphere.

Atmospheric aerosols play important roles in climate and atmospheric chemistry: They scatter sunlight, provide condensation nuclei for cloud droplets, and participate in heterogeneous chemical reactions.

Reactions in and on sea - salt aerosol particles may have a strong influence on oxidation processes in the marine boundary layer through the production of halogen radicals, and reactions on mineral aerosols may significantly affect the cycles of nitrogen, sulfur, and atmospheric oxidants.

«It is therefore reasonable to expect that precipitation extremes will continue to intensify,» although how much is still a mystery, largely thanks to an unclear understanding of the atmospheric impact of how tiny flecks of pollution in the atmosphere — known as aerosols to scientists and comprising materials ranging from soot to sulfur dioxide.

It drives the formation of much of the atmospheric organic aerosol present in our environment.

Professor Sybren said: «It can be excluded, however, that this hiatus period was solely caused by changes in atmospheric forcing, either due to volcanic eruptions, more aerosols emissions in Asia, or reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

Other aerosols can bring about temporary atmospheric cooling, mainly by seeding clouds that linger in the atmosphere longer than they normally would, or by scattering light.

Scientists use data from the SGP to learn about cloud, aerosol, and atmospheric processes, which in turn leads to improvements in models of the Earth's climate.

The relative atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases as well as aerosol and particulate content coupled with other climate information gives insight into both the importance of these as drivers of temperature as well as how these drivers might couple in either a positive or negative feedback sense (Beckman and Mahoney, 1998).

Sally, who was nominated by Dr. Beat Schmid, Associate Director, Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, was honored for her exceptional contribution in the field of atmospheric science, particularly in her efforts to improve understanding of the radiative effect of clouds and aerosols on the Earth's atmosphere and their representation in climate models.

This diagram shows types, and size distribution in micrometres, of atmospheric particulate matter This animation shows aerosol optical thickness of emitted and transported key tropospheric aerosols from 17 August 2006 to 10 April 2007, from a 10 km resolution GEOS - 5 «nature run» using the GOCART model.

Yet these particles, called secondary organic aerosols, are a dominant atmospheric component in most megacity locations.

Because small - scale climate features, such as clouds and atmospheric aerosol particles, have a large impact on global climate, it's important to improve the methods used to represent those climate features in the models.

A team of scientists led by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory atmospheric researcher Dr. Susannah Burrows and collaborator Daniel McCoy, who studies clouds and climate at the University of Washington, reveal how tiny natural particles given off by marine organisms — airborne droplets and solid particles called aerosols — nearly double cloud droplet numbers in the summer, which boosts the amount of sunlight reflected back to space.

These components — specifically aerosols (particulates in the air — dust, soot, sulphates, nitrates, pollen etc.) and atmospheric chemistry (ozone, methane)-- are both affected by climate and affect climate, since aerosols and ozone can interact, absorb, reflect or scatter solar and thermal radiation.

PNNL is using an integrative research approach that draws on our depth and breadth of capabilities in atmospheric chemistry, climate physics, modeling, and measurement to address critical scientific questions related to the role of aerosols in the climate system.

The CLOUD experiment consists of a large instrumented chamber in which the atmosphere can be precisely simulated, and the formation and growth of aerosol particles and the clouds they seed can be studied under precisely controled atmospheric conditions.

Vision PNNL will take a leadership role in the incorporation of aerosols into climate models, through integrative research on atmospheric aerosol interactions and through development of innovative instrumentation and measurement techniques.

Ghan, an atmospheric and climate scientist, has made seminal contributions to the representation of cloud - aerosol interactions in climate models.

Results: Tiny bits of atmospheric dust and particles called aerosols may play a big role in global climate change, but just how big a role is not well understood.

Methods: In this new approach, the team began with an atmospheric aerosol sample that contains thousands of molecules formed in the reactions of ozone, a common atmospheric oxidant, with limonene, a molecule emitted by various types of trees, which is responsible for the citrus scent found walking among the orange treeIn this new approach, the team began with an atmospheric aerosol sample that contains thousands of molecules formed in the reactions of ozone, a common atmospheric oxidant, with limonene, a molecule emitted by various types of trees, which is responsible for the citrus scent found walking among the orange treein the reactions of ozone, a common atmospheric oxidant, with limonene, a molecule emitted by various types of trees, which is responsible for the citrus scent found walking among the orange trees.

When isoprene is in the presence of human - made sulfate particles it transforms into atmospheric organic aerosol particles.

The ARM data will provide more detailed measurements of both aerosols and clouds to assist the research team in quantifying the impacts of aerosols on precipitation under a variety of atmospheric and pollution conditions.

The Finnish Meteorological Institute started meteorological observations on the island in 1881, and atmospheric trace gas and aerosol measurements as member of the EMEP - network in 1980.

The top priorities should be reducing uncertainties in climate sensitivity, getting a better understanding of the effect of climate change on atmospheric circulation (critical for understanding of regional climate change, changes in extremes) and reducing uncertainties in radiative forcing — particularly those associated with aerosols.

With her colleagues from around the world, she is designing techniques to better characterize complex molecules in biological samples, atmospheric aerosols, and biofuels, work critical for a secure energy future.

Scientists are using airborne observations of atmospheric trace gases, aerosols, and cloud properties from the North Slopes of Alaska to improve their understanding of global climate, with the goal of reducing the uncertainty in global and regional climate simulations and projections.

[Response: The ratio is not constant in time, because aerosols have a much shorter perturbation time on atmospheric composition than CO2.

In the unlikely case of an abrupt fuel burning cessation, we could add aerosols at a decreasing rate, both to smooth the transition, but also because atmospheric CO2 would drop significantly during the first few years after a cessation, as the shorter term reservoirs have not yet come to equilibrium and would still be absorbing CO2 at a decent clip for several years.

There are elements of climate science that can be addressed using these methods, notably in atmospheric chemistry and the physics and chemistry of aerosol and cloud particles.

The important point here is that a small external forcing (orbital for ice - ages, or GHG plus aerosols & land use changes in the modern context) can be strongly amplified by the positive feedback mechanism (the strongest and quickest is atmospheric water vapor - a strong GHG, and has already been observed to increase.