Sentences with phrase «in atmospheric transport»

For Europe specifically, it is estimated that the CO2 flux from land vegetation contributes to reduce the global net flux associated with atmospheric growth of CO2, but the relative magnitude of this sink has been decreasing since the 1990s (from capturing 40 % of the global growth previously, to about 20 % now), likely further to changes in the atmospheric transport of heat and humidity over Europe.

``... the moisture budget and its role in global change, the origins of ice ages, seasonal effects in atmospheric transport, stratospheric waves, and the observational determination of climate sensitivity -LSB-...] the development of the current theory for the Hadley Circulation, -LSB-...] the quasi-biennial oscillation of the tropical stratosphere.

His research involves studies of the role of the tropics in mid-latitude weather and global heat transport, the moisture budget and its role in global change, the origins of ice ages, seasonal effects in atmospheric transport, stratospheric waves, and the observational determination of climate sensitivity.

In GCMs, the global mean evaporation changes closely balance the precipitation change, but not locally because of changes in the atmospheric transport of water vapour.

This is due to the fact that changes in atmospheric transport and deposition in the case of 10Be or changes in the carbon cycle in the case of 14C can influence the measured concentrations.

Not exact matches

«Using a numerical climate model we found that sulfate reductions over Europe between 1980 and 2005 could explain a significant fraction of the amplified warming in the Arctic region during that period due to changes in long - range transport, atmospheric winds and ocean currents.

The researchers found that large - scale features of atmospheric circulation — in particular, the strength and position of the Aleutian Low, a semi-permanent, subpolar area of low pressure located in the Gulf of Alaska near the Aleutian Islands — largely determined the timing of snowmelt during spring in Alaska, by either facilitating or inhibiting the transport of warm, moist air into the region.

Because air temperature significantly alters atmospheric dynamics, which in turn affects moisture transport, scientists speculate that this increase of high altitude moisture may be tied to global warming.

To investigate the layers and composition of clouds and tiny airborne particles like dust, smoke and other atmospheric aerosols,, scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland have developed an instrument called the Cloud - Aerosol Transport System, or CATS.

Using 19 climate models, a team of researchers led by Professor Minghua Zhang of the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences at Stony Brook University, discovered persistent dry and warm biases of simulated climate over the region of the Southern Great Plain in the central U.S. that was caused by poor modeling of atmospheric convective systems — the vertical transport of heat and moisture in the atmosphere.

«This emphasizes the importance of large - scale energy transport and atmospheric circulation changes in restoring Earth's global temperature equilibrium after a natural, unforced warming event,» Li said.

Thomson contends that atmospheric forces are well known to influence movement in the deep ocean, but that the key new idea here is that surface - generated eddies can be a transport mechanism for vent products.

Collision of climate variants One, called the negative phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole, is an atmospheric circulation in the tropical Indian Ocean that transports water from west to east.

To prevent this, the ELVOCs are directly ionized under atmospheric conditions in the gas phase, and subsequently transported as an electrically charged ELVOC - molecule into the sensor (mass spectrometer), where the detection takes place.

«We used a UK Met Office computer model of atmospheric transport to look back in time, at where the air samples we collected had travelled from.»

This diagram shows types, and size distribution in micrometres, of atmospheric particulate matter This animation shows aerosol optical thickness of emitted and transported key tropospheric aerosols from 17 August 2006 to 10 April 2007, from a 10 km resolution GEOS - 5 «nature run» using the GOCART model.

For example, in Earth atmospheric circulation (such as Hadley cells) transport heat between the warmer equatorial regions to the cool polar regions and this circulation pattern not only determines the temperature distribution, but also sets which regions on Earth are dry or rainy and how clouds form over the planet.

Why It Matters: On average, atmospheric rivers hit the western United States only a few times each winter, but they transport significant amounts of moisture that converges in the mountains producing heavy precipitation.

The transport processes are also very variable from winter to winter and the amount of ozone pumped into the Arctic is also correlated with temperature (this is not a causal relationship — the correlation exists, because variability in temperatures and in ozone transport are both driven by the same atmospheric processes).

A NOAA website on atmospheric rivers contains this fascinating statistic that illustrates just how much moisture can be transported by winds in the mid-to-upper atmosphere: «A strong atmospheric river transports an amount of water vapor roughly equivalent to 7.5 - 15 times the average flow of liquid water at the mouth of the Mississippi River.»

Atmospheric scientists measure the amount of CH4 gas in the atmosphere and use these data, along with models of atmospheric transport, to estimate the amount of CH4 released at Earth's surface.

Already an international sensation, Boris Akunin's latest page - turner transports the reader back to the glamorous, dangerous past in a richly atmospheric tale of suspense on the high seas.

Following the excellent number of votes from you all and the wonderful Awards event in 2015, at the fabulously atmospheric Dinosaur Gallery in the Natural History Museum, we weredelighted to host the 2016 Awards at the London Transport Museum on 22 June 2016.

Encounter mysterious rooms, forgotten objects and dark tunnels as you are transported to another time and place in this highly atmospheric installation.

The eight computer generated photo - paintings located in the lower level of the gallery are a reflection of the invisible energy surrounding nature and inspired by drawings Mori made in front of the ocean back in her native Japan.The photo - paintings emitted a cosmic and atmospheric aura that made me feel as if I was transported into a distant serene galaxy.

It is still popular nomenclature in physical oceanography and atmospheric dynamics to refer to the bodily transport of energy by a fluid as «heat transport.»

At the very least he needs to provide a pointer to «the calculations of the sensitivity of the mean climate to a doubling of CO2 concentration» that he has found are ignoring changes in non-radiative atmospheric heat transport.

One is to acknowledge that calculation of radiation transport through a partially opaque atmosphere is one of those problems that seems easy until you try to write down the equations, and then you find it's a monster — the great mathematical physicist S. Chandrasekhar spent years working on it and wrote a book full of equations on stellar atmospheres that I think hardly anyone in atmospheric physics even tries to read.

Assuming all other things are equal then I would expect that a shutdown in the THC would lead to more heat transport by the atmospheric circulation as the temperature gradient would be greater.

Their abstract says «energy budget calculations show that poleward atmospheric energy transport increases more in solar forcing compared to equivalent CO2 forcing simulations, which is in line with the identified strong increase in large - scale precipitation in solar forcing scenarios.»

The (apparent) slower rate of projected model warming for a higher absolute temperature may be related to other factors like cloud amount and geographical distribution at higher absolute humidity, or increases in convective transport (due to more atmospheric instability) at higher absolute humidity.

The transport processes are also very variable from winter to winter and the amount of ozone pumped into the Arctic is also correlated with temperature (this is not a causal relationship — the correlation exists, because variability in temperatures and in ozone transport are both driven by the same atmospheric processes).

And no, there is no huge plunge in tropical or global surface air temperatures when the ocean circulation spins up because there is a near - compensating decrease in poleward heat transport via the atmospheric circulation.

RE # 11 The role of hurricanes in the poleward heat transport immediately leads to the question, how is the poleward heat transport divided between atmospheric and oceanic routes?

This simple radiative example (convective transport is not being allowed) shows that any finite surface temperature Ts can be supported in radiative equilibrium with any arbitrarily cold «upper atmosphere» temperature Tt, by prescribing the appropriate LW opacity TAU for the atmospheric layer, with the energy required to maintain a fixed Ts adjusted accordingly.

The correct way to ensure conservation of energy is at the grid cell level, i.e. you make sure that there's no creation or destruction of energy within each atmospheric cell and in transport processes among cells.

Its findings suggest that changing storm patterns and the ensuing droughts are due to a southern shift in the Hadley cell, the large - scale pattern of atmospheric circulation that transports heat from the tropics to the subtropics.

This product primarily exploits high - quality measurements of air samples collected at tens of sites around the world by various laboratories (119 sites for CO2, 30 sites for CH4 and 127 sites for N2O), in combination with a numerical model of atmospheric tracer transport (Chevallier et al. 2010, Bergamaschi et al. 2013, Thompson et al. 2014).

This mass of warm water, nicknamed «the Blob,» was the result of a persistent atmospheric high - pressure ridge in the Northeastern Pacific that decreased cooling and transport of surface water.

That one was little - noticed by the world's media, but now its findings may receive more attention, as an independent study by NCAR, published yesterday in Nature Climate Change, has investigated the same subject and reaches a confirming conclusion: in recent years atmospheric warming has been delayed due to increased heat transport to the deeper ocean.

Broccoli et al. (2006) and Kang et al. (2008) observed that because the ITCZ is located approximately where the meridional atmospheric mass transport in the Hadley circulation vanishes, it is typically also located close to where the atmospheric energy transport vanishes: at the «energy flux equator» (EFE) where.

One, she says, «clearly and authoritatively describes the complex interactions among ocean dynamics and heat transport, sea ice dynamics forced both by atmospheric winds and ocean currents, and atmospheric thermodynamic forcing in determining recent variations in multi-year sea ice extent.

A strengthening ACC created a barrier inhibiting intrusions of warm tropical waters and minimizing both oceanic and atmospheric heat transport resulting in the Refrigerator Effect.

JC comment: This paper clearly and authoritatively describes the complex interactions among ocean dynamics and heat transport, sea ice dynamics forced both by atmospheric winds and ocean currents, and atmospheric thermodynamic forcing in determining recent variations in multi-year sea ice extent.

Unfortunately, there is no detailed instrument record of subsurface changes in Gulf Stream heat transport into the region over the past decades, so it's hard to say — and the atmospheric component?

Atmospheric scientists measure the amount of CH4 gas in the atmosphere and use these data, along with models of atmospheric transport, to estimate the amount of CH4 released at Earth's surface.

We will interpret recently completed measurements of 35 chemical - proxies in the ice - core and relate these to similar studies in other Arctic ice cores, such as by using real - world contaminant transport to validate atmospheric circulation models and chemical - signature sourcing.

Why is it that revolutionary changes in our social / economic / political system are greeted with enthusiasm, as «progress», and yet the rather small increase on atmospheric [CO2], a byproduct of cheap transport and electricity that underpins our whole way of life, is treated as a disaster?

Associated with our work on atmospheric circulation patterns we are studying energy transport in the earth system and the transport of water in the atmosphere on different time and space scales.

The identified atmospheric feedbacks including changes in planetary albedo, in water vapour distribution and in meridional latent heat transport are all poorly represented in zonal energy balance model as the one used in [7] whereas they appear to be of primary importance when focusing on ancient greenhouse climates.