Sentences with phrase «in axonal»

One of Dr. Charron's objectives is to identify and characterize the components of the Shh signalling pathway in axonal guidance.

Southern California and joined the Polleux lab in 2011 where he studies the function of LKB1 in axonal transport.

Neurotrophic factors are perturbed in AD and unevenly distributed due to impairment in axonal transport [105].

AGEs impair this axonal transport and alpha adrenergic blockers (acting on cell «stress receptors») can exert a protection of this phenomenon.Thus, will look on the molecular mechanisms of this process (crosslinking of motor proteins in axonal transport, energy depletion etc.) by analyzing the colocalization of fluorescence staining of (motor --RRB- proteins and tagged AGE - molecules and by methods of molecular biology.

An intriguing clue to this selectivity is provided by Setola et al., who identify a truncated form of SMN1 that arises from an alternative spliced SMN1 transcript that is preferentially expressed in the axonal projections of developing motor neurons.

We study the influence of the Maillard reaction (leading to advanced glycation endproducts, AGEs) on the function of specific proteins which are involved in the axonal transport.

«We found that caspase - 3 - and -9 play crucial roles in axonal degeneration and that their activities are regulated by XIAP.

Hayashi and Niwa expect the non-invasive force measurement method to be a strong, new tool in understanding the physical mechanism of neuronal diseases caused by deficits in axonal transport.

The team plans to use live cell imaging to explore the function of the empty varicosities in axonal wiring.

But up until now, scientists were unaware of its role in axonal demise and ALS.

One of the most encouraging finding is that PSR - 1 plays an early role in the axonal fusion process required for neuroregeneration, said Xue.

Ice hockey players with sports - related concussion have elevations in the axonal injury biomarker total tau and the astroglial injury biomarker S - 100 calcium - binding protein B, according to a study published online March 13 in JAMA Neurology.

Not exact matches

Chen Gu and colleagues at The Ohio State University discovered that they could induce the formation of axonal varicosities in hippocampal neurons grown in the lab by «puffing» them with bursts of liquid from a small pipette.

They found subtle evidence of axonal injury at the cellular level in six athletes who had not been diagnosed with concussion but sustained RHI during the normal course of play.

Tau helps provide structure to brain cells, is a marker for axonal damage — and is also what McKee finds spotted throughout the brains she examines in her Boston U. lab.

Even small defects in the genes that assemble tubulin are associated with serious developmental disorders, such as Kenny - Caffey syndrome and Giant Axonal Neuropathy.

Pcdhαc2 is required for axonal tiling and assembly of serotonergic circuitries in mice.

This new study builds on previous research from this group showing that elevated blood levels of SNTF on the day of a mild traumatic brain injury treated in the emergency room predicted those patients who would go on to suffer diffuse axonal injury and long - term cognitive dysfunction.

Concussions that lead to lasting brain dysfunction cause SNTF to accumulate in vulnerable long axon tracts of the brain, and its blood elevation is a measure of this diffuse axonal injury.

First, looking at a study of 185 cases of childhood epilepsy, Wittkowski's team found that mutations in genes that control axonal guidance and calcium signaling — both of which are important early in the developing brain when neurons are forming the appropriate connections — led to increased chances of having the disorder.

«Laminins function as attractive chemical cues for haptotaxis of axonal growth cones,» explains NAIST Prof. Naoyuki Inagaki, whose lab studies how forces are generated in the cellular microenvironment to create directed axonal migration.

The macroglomerulus (MG) in the cockroach, which receives convergent axonal input from pheromone - responsive neurons, is subdivided into layers according to their spatial origins in the antenna.

The DTI images — taken at an average of 20 days after birth — were used to associate maternal iron intake during pregnancy to differences in cortical gray matter and, to a lesser extent, in major axonal pathways within the underlying white matter of the brain.

«When an embryo is building its nervous system, there can be inappropriate or excessive axonal sprouts, or axons that are only needed at one time in development and not later,» DiAntonio says.

Looking closer at the transplant recipients, Levin and Blackiston noticed differences in the ways the eyes formed axonal connections.

The findings suggest that RIPK1 may be involved in a range of other neurodegenerative diseases marked by axonal damage, including multiple sclerosis, certain forms of spinal muscular atrophy and even Alzheimer's disease.

Strikingly, the researchers noticed the same signs of axonal demise in spinal cord cells obtained from human patients with ALS.

While axonal degeneration appears to be a major culprit in diseases like multiple sclerosis, it also paradoxically plays an important role in properly wiring the nervous systems of developing embryos.

«Given the effectiveness of inosine in promoting cortical plasticity, axonal sprouting, and dendritic branching, the present evidence of efficacy after cortical injury in a non-human primate, combined with a long history of safe use, indicates a need for clinical trials with inosine after cortical injury and spinal cord injury,» noted Dr. Moore.

Necrostatin - 1 not only restored the myelin sheath and stopped axonal damage but also prevented limb weakness in animals treated with it.

In a final set of experiments, the researchers used necrostatin - 1 to treat mice with axonal damage and hind leg weakness, a telltale sign of axonal demise similar to the muscle weakness that occurs in the early stages of ALS in humanIn a final set of experiments, the researchers used necrostatin - 1 to treat mice with axonal damage and hind leg weakness, a telltale sign of axonal demise similar to the muscle weakness that occurs in the early stages of ALS in humanin the early stages of ALS in humanin humans.

Experiments conducted in mice and in human ALS cells reveal that when RIPK1 is out of control, it can spark axonal damage by setting off a chemical chain reaction that culminates in stripping the protective myelin off of axons and triggering axonal degeneration — the hallmark of ALS.

At the cellular level, although they share canonical types of inhibitory interneurons (INs) and excitatory principal neurons (PNs), it remains largely unknown to what extent a single type in different brain regions displays similarity in gene expression, axonal shape, connectivity, and developmental origins.

Using their own recently - developed genetic labeling techniques for tracking these cells in early development in mice, Taniguchi and his team observed that, like most neurons, the cells remodeled their axonal organization through development.

Although both types of memory were laid down in the medial prefrontal cortex, they were stored along separate paths or axonal projections, which in turn linked to different brain regions (Cell, DOI: 10.1016 / j.cell.2016.05.010).

By cloning rat melanopsin and generating specific antibodies, we show that melanopsin is present in cell bodies, dendrites, and proximal axonal segments of a subset of rat RGCs.

Guy McKhann of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, began research on what was to become known as AMAN (acute motor axonal neuropathy)-- a type of GBS — in 1990 while on a visit to Beijing pediatric hospitals.

When pathologists perform autopsies on people with diffuse axonal injury, they see severed axons with swollen tips, just like what Smith sees in his experiments.

Mitochondrion in green is being enclosed to axonal growth cone in red in cultured rat cortical neuron.

Chronic autoimmune inflammatory damage to the brain produces waves of demyelination (blue line in the graph) and cumulative axonal loss (green line in the graph) in different intensities along time leading to all MS phenotypes.

In the current study, Freeman and colleagues identified Axed, showed that it functions downstream of SARM to execute axonal degeneration, and, surprisingly, that the protection afforded by blocking Axed was even stronger than SARM.

When it is experimentally prevented (either by severing the projecting axons, by treating them with the drug vinblastine, which blocks axonal transport, or by administering 6 - hydroxydopamine, which destroys the nerve endings), the innervating sympathetic neurons in the ganglion die off.

In conclusion, our findings suggest that microstimulation, with its anatomical precision, physiologic - level currents, and action via axonal projections, holds promise for modification of memory circuits and thus for the treatment of memory impairments in people suffering from neurological disorderIn conclusion, our findings suggest that microstimulation, with its anatomical precision, physiologic - level currents, and action via axonal projections, holds promise for modification of memory circuits and thus for the treatment of memory impairments in people suffering from neurological disorderin people suffering from neurological disorders.

In vitro, Pkn1 — / — Cgcs exhibited deregulated axonal outgrowth, elevated AKT phosphorylation, and higher levels of neuronal differentiation - 2 (NeuroD2), a transcription factor preventing presynaptic maturation.

«When an embryo is building its nervous system, there can be inappropriate or excessive axonal sprouts, or axons that are only needed at one time in development and not later,» DiAntonio said.

In addition, high frequency stimulation delivered via macroelectrodes has been shown to inhibit nearby neuronal somata, while also providing excitation to axonal projections, indicating that small changes in electrode location could lead to substantially different results (Herrington et al., 2016In addition, high frequency stimulation delivered via macroelectrodes has been shown to inhibit nearby neuronal somata, while also providing excitation to axonal projections, indicating that small changes in electrode location could lead to substantially different results (Herrington et al., 2016in electrode location could lead to substantially different results (Herrington et al., 2016).

Work in several laboratories has shown that the retrograde axonal transport of NGF follows its interaction with specific receptor sites on the nerve terminals of the newly established fibers.

In summary, our results demonstrate that PKN1 functions as a developmentally active gatekeeper of AKT activity, thereby fine - tuning axonal outgrowth and presynaptic differentiation of Cgcs and subsequently the correct PF - PC synapse formation.

Here we identify protein kinase N1 (PKN1) as a novel key player in fine - tuning the balance between axonal outgrowth and presynaptic differentiation in the parallel fiber — forming (PF - forming) cerebellar granule cells (Cgcs).

Our second major line of research aims to understand axonal pathology in SMA, an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease.