The first two sections in themselves offer a useful historical overview of the developments
in biblical criticism and the third section offers numerous insights into the theology of St John and the life of the primitive Church while the whole work together could help usher in some long - awaited commonsense in New Testament studies.
(The characterization of Yoder as pre-Bultmannian now almost strikes one as humorous given recent developments
in biblical criticism.
My problems with this book are the same problems I have with nearly all books about biblical criticism: I believe the presuppositions of most of those who engage
in biblical criticism are inherently flawed, and as a result, short - circuit the creative thinking that is necessary to discover solutions to the so - called problems in the biblical text.
Not exact matches
The recent ferment
in approaches to
biblical study and new forms of
criticism such as canonical
criticism and narrative theology give promise of offering new insights on this subject.
There is a sense
in which the intention of early
biblical criticism was an effort to restore a «
biblical theology»
in which the Scriptures were freed from their dogmatic imprisonment.
Is there a place for historical
criticism in Islam, the kind of
criticism Western scholars started applying to the
biblical text
in the l8thcentury?
Modem forms of
biblical criticism, for example, are probably more clearly rooted
in this development.
Willett, who taught at the University of Chicago Divinity School and who was later to become a controversial figure
in the battle over the new «higher
biblical criticism,» was already an editor at The Christian Century.
Biblical criticism means nothing but applying to the biblical documents the rational or scientific methods of scholarship which are applied in other fields o
Biblical criticism means nothing but applying to the
biblical documents the rational or scientific methods of scholarship which are applied in other fields o
biblical documents the rational or scientific methods of scholarship which are applied
in other fields of study.
Granted, however, that
biblical criticism is a legitimate, and even a useful, branch of scientific study, is it important for the general reader, who has no particular interest
in matters of archaeology or ancient history?
In fact, one of the more constructive criticisms I've heard from the complementarian camp is that, in the book, I did not make clear enough distinctions between how various complementarian organizations differ in their positions on biblical womanhoo
In fact, one of the more constructive
criticisms I've heard from the complementarian camp is that,
in the book, I did not make clear enough distinctions between how various complementarian organizations differ in their positions on biblical womanhoo
in the book, I did not make clear enough distinctions between how various complementarian organizations differ
in their positions on biblical womanhoo
in their positions on
biblical womanhood.
The foundations of
biblical criticism were laid
in the first four centuries of the Christian era.
After twenty - five years, the translators wish again to record their debt to Eliza Hall Kendrick, formerly Professor of
Biblical History at Wellesley College, for her
criticism and her help
in the attempt to avoid «translation English.»
Arguments based on
biblical criticism are not decisive for or against belief
in the virginal conception.
Within twenty years [of 1874] the threat of evolution and the kind of
biblical criticism and liberal theology it and other concomitant trends were seen as empowering had reached such a pitch that a series of Bible Conferences of Conservative Protestants were held at various sites
in the United States.
(2) Boomershine sees historical
criticism as the
biblical method of this era, where the truth of the text is achieved by personal study of the text
in silence on your own.
But the light of God and the Holy Spirit were active
in the Church long before
biblical criticism.
We have heard William Blackstone earlier
in this century announcing that new modes of transportation, growing world literacy, pestilence, famine, socialism, accumulating armaments, industrial conflict, spiritualism, Christian Science and
biblical criticism were all signs of that spiritual deterioration which heralded the immediate return of Christ.
Dawkins» view of the Bible either betrays a remarkable ignorance of the key principles of
biblical criticism or, worse, an intentional disregard of those principles
in order to sell his argument.
In this way, rhetorical
criticism fills the gap between historical and sociological approaches to
biblical study.
Along the way, we have observed two basic elements
in these approaches to rhetorical
criticism, the careful and detailed examination of the
biblical text and the broader demonstration of persuasive purpose.
For myself, certain early formative influences
in the early «60s (
biblical criticism, Bernard Lonergan's reflections on method and historical consciousness, and the splendid ambience of student days
in Rome during the Second Vatican Council) solidified my own sharing
in the common conviction that there can be no return to a pre-ecumenical, prepluralistic, ahistorical theology.
It is this kind of
criticism in which most
biblical scholars have been engaged
in the past century.
Though apocalypticism had been around for millennia, it is worth noting that Darbyism, the peculiarly rigid and florid form that arose
in the late 19th century, accompanied the growth of Darwinism,
biblical higher
criticism, and the dawning awareness of world religions.
His
criticism of
biblical literalism drove him back to an acceptance of «
biblical realism» (to use his own phrase), to the
biblical answer to sin, and the
biblical affirmation of God's grace
in Christ.
David Hubbard, for example,
in his taped remarks on the future of evangelicalism to a colloquium at Conservative Baptist Theological Seminary
in Denver
in 1977 noted the following areas of tension among evangelicals: women's ordination, the charismatic movement, ecumenical relations, social ethics, strategies of evangelism,
Biblical criticism,
Biblical infallibility, contextual theology
in non-Western cultures, and the churchly applications of the behavioral sciences.2 If such a list is more exhaustive than those topics which this book has pursued, it nevertheless makes it clear that the foci of the preceding chapters have at least been representative.
However, they were chiefly concerned to condemn the new
biblical criticism and the Darwinian theory of evolution, both of which had emerged
in the 19th century.
It also led to the ascendance of
biblical criticism (relativizing, to a certain extent, the Holy Scriptures), which
in turn had negative influences on theology, generating a questioning attitude about the objectivity of established truth and the usefulness of defending ecclesial traditions and institutions.
In his own wide - ranging and nuanced
criticism of both
biblical and secular texts, Ricoeur himself moves easily from a close reading of symbols to theoretical reflection, thereby modeling for an entire generation a more conceptually sophisticated way of joining religion and art than had heretofore been practiced.
It has emerged
in part as a way for the guild of
biblical scholarship to respond to a number of stimuli: (1) the increasing charges by many theologians, lay and professional, that
biblical criticism has...
This belief led him to a wholehearted recognition of the world come of age, to a
criticism of religion, and to an attempt to interpret
Biblical and theological concepts
in a non-religious language.
Coupled with some of the tools of
biblical criticism (such as the criteria of Embarrassment, Double Discontinuity and Multiple Attestation), he seeks to demonstrate the case for the origin of the Johannine tradition
in the words and actions of the historical Jesus, as passed on by eyewitness accounts and possibly by John the son of Zebedee himself.
He seemed to be unaware of this actual process, even though some of the centers of
biblical form and literary
criticism, (especially
in Austria - Germany (ie Tubingen University)-RRB- HAD begun to be aware of the historical, (archeologically validated) processes, (and eventually at Harvard and Yale and Princeton, and I'm sure other places I don't know about), by the time Smith was doing his thing.
Not only should we not delete the Old Testament, we should not use the tools of
biblical criticism to delete any passage
in either Testament that does not suit our argument.
These beliefs,
in reaction to evolutionary theories and
Biblical criticism, included the verbal inerrancy of scripture, the virgin birth, a substitutionary theory of the atonement and the physical resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Historical
criticism is quite compatible with warm appreciation, and to be a
biblical critic does not imply anything adverse any more than it does to be a music critic or literary critic, who would be useless unless he had the capacity for appreciating what is good
in his field.
It might be instructive to compare the role that
biblical criticism played
in the demystification of the Bible, with that of the Kinsey reports
in the demystification of sex.
The judgment on
biblical criticism is not, then, that it doesn't work, but that it has «got stuck»
in the second moment of the dialectic of understanding.
The clearest example of how little
biblical criticism has been value - free is provided by Morton Smith
in a statement which is exceptional only for its candor, not its convictions.
The critique of historical
criticism's limit the standard one: it is reductionistic, it claims to subordinate the text to scientific methods when
in fact it has philosophical presumptions, and it tends to read the
biblical text as a set of fragments rather than as a unified whole.
For a time
biblical criticism played a creative role
in genuine liberation and individuation, insofar as its «agentic» function was dialectically related to what Bakan calls «the communion function,» that is, the process by which separation is finally overcome.
What then is the future of
biblical criticism in colleges and seminaries where students are now arriving already deconverted and secularized?
In the vast sweep of secularization,
biblical criticism played an essential role vis - a-vis the demystification of the religious tradition.
Many wondered why Moody did not attack the theory of evolution or
Biblical criticism; he obviously did not believe
in either.
The chapter headings give us an overview of the work: Ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of Christ: the theological project of Joseph Ratzinger; The critique of
criticism: beginning the search for a new theological synthesis; The hermeneutic of faith: critical and historical foundations for a
biblical theology; The spiritual science of theology: its mission and method
in the life of the church; Reading God's testament to humankind:
biblical realism, typology, and the inner unity of revelation; The theology of the divine economy: covenant, kingdom, and the history of salvation; The embrace of salvation: mystagogy and the transformation ofsacrifice; The cosmic liturgy: the Eucharistic kingdom and the world as temple; The authority of mystery: the beauty and necessity of the theologian's task.
Rigorous use of
biblical criticism prevents psychologizing and allegorizing, insofar as the attempt is made to recover what Jesus actually taught and how the church
in fact interpreted his teaching, and only then to inquire into its psycho - social and symbolic meaning, both for Jesus and the church, and for us today.
His
criticisms of the technological mindset are powerful and convincing, and his calls for a spirit of «waiting» and «harkening» chime with a
biblical view of man
in relation to God, allowing post-Christians to evoke a theological sensibility without appealing to theology.
One can point to the emergence of a variety of critical approaches to religion
in general, and to Christianity
in particular, which have contributed to the breakdown of certainties: These include historical - critical and other new methods for the study of
biblical texts, feminist
criticism of Christian history and theology, Marxist analysis of the function of religious communities, black studies pointing to long - obscured realities, sociological and anthropological research
in regard to cross-cultural religious life, and examinations of traditional teachings by non-Western scholars.
See his article «Vine and Fig Tree: A Case Study
in Imagination and
Criticism,» Catholic
Biblical Quarterly 43 (1981): 188 - 204.
The final result was the rejection within mainstream culture of
biblical literalism with its repudiation of history, geology, and the scientific method, and an acceptance of the contributions of science, of evolution and Freudian psychology, of a «higher
criticism» of the Bible, of the move from an agrarian economy to an industrial economy and its need for high technology, and of a rearrangement of political views to accommodate social planning and reform which became known
in the churches as the Social Gospel.