Sentences with phrase «in brainstem»

No significant differences were detected between the CM / SM and CM groups in Brainstem CCF Percentage (CM / SM 36.5 ± 0.8 % vs. CM 38.5 ± 0.7 % [p = 0.0917]-RRB- or Brainstem Brain Percentage (CM / SM 6.47 ± 0.2 % vs. CM 6.68 ± 0.2 % [p = 0.4239]-RRB-.

Tumors in the brainstem can be rapidly fatal if, for example, they affect the control of breathing, but typically the first signs of brainstem disease are a loss of balance (vestibular signs), and weakness on one side of the body.

The vestibular nuclei send fibers forward in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) which coordinates ocular movements, projects fibers to the spinal cord as the vestibulospinal tract and descending MLF, projects fibers to the cerebellum, and sends fibers to various structures in the brainstem including the emetic center.

They will be in the cortex, while you are in your brainstem.

If, however, you are in your brainstem, judgment is out of the question.

Dr. Jack Kruse: And that's six different nuclei in the brainstem and basically that system runs the parasympathetic system and the periventricular nucleus runs the sympathetic system.

There were occasional meningeal and perivascular lymphocytes in the brainstem.

White matter loss was concentrated in the brainstem, internal capsule, temporal and frontal regions and the major fasciculi.

The scientists used optogenetics — an innovative research tool that uses light to activate or inhibit select cells in the brain — to stimulate either the go or the stop pathway in mice that were running on a tiny treadmill, while recording neural activity in the brainstem.

Neurons in the brainstem that control movement are lit up using optogenetics.

The researchers revealed that the go pathway selectively activates a type of neuron in the brainstem that releases the neurochemical glutamate, and these neurons are responsible for triggering locomotion.

Earlier models attributed these kinematic properties to nonlinear neural circuitry in the brainstem but this creates problems for oblique saccades.

«Our study shows that a specific set of neurons in the brainstem are both necessary and sufficient to initiate locomotion.

The researchers observed alterations in the brainstem, left temporal lobe, and left parietal lobe among the athletes after the football season.

In new research being presented at the meeting, scientists suggest that the blood - brain barrier in the brainstem — the primitive brain area responsible for many of the body's basic functions, such as breathing, heart rate, sleeping, and eating — could play a key role salt - induced baroreflexin regulating blood pressure.

While other types of neurons in the brainstem and hypothalamus have been shown to influence REM sleep, Dan said, «Because of the strong induction of REM sleep — in 94 percent of the recorded trials our mice entered REM sleep within seconds of activating the neurons — we think this might be a critical node of a relatively small network that makes the decision whether you go into dream sleep or not.»

His team found that exposing mice to the bacteria, and hence activating their immune system, activated clusters of neurons in their brainstem called the dorsal Raphe nuclei.

«We found that these include multiple locations for nerve cells in the brainstem that innervate the heart with insulated fibres that conduct rapid impulses, causing an instantaneous cardiac response to each air - breath.»

«This is the first time that GABA neuron activity — found deep in the brainstem — has been shown to play a key role in the cognitive processes associated with social approach or avoidance behavior in mammals,» said Dr. Berton.

Harvard Medical School neuroscientist Patrick Fuller and his team not only discovered this cluster of neurons in the brainstem, they created an elegant «remote control system» to activate select neurons inside it.

This week in the JCI, a study conducted by David Engblom's lab at Linköping University in Sweden has demonstrated that the aversive effects of inflammatory pain are driven by prostaglandin signaling specifically on serotonin - producing neurons in the brainstem.

«This changes everything, because now we know to look both in the brainstem and in the cortex for effects related to enhanced hearing, due to musical training for instance, or for effects related to impaired hearing, as in aging, or some disorders.»

«What was especially surprising and exciting was that a subset of nerve cells situated largely in the brainstem could slowly re-grow far down the spinal cord once a permissive environment that allowed them past the site of the scar was provided,» Silver said.

Damage to certain evolutionarily ancient structures in the brainstem robs people of consciousness entirely, leaving them in a coma or a persistent vegetative state.

Researchers measured brain activity in the brainstem while participants were watching a video.

«Most of our reflexes are encoded in the brainstem, but from an evolutionary standpoint, the ability for one's cortex to modify these reflexes expands one's behavioral repertoire as the circumstances require,» he said.

From there, they reach neurons in the brainstem, the action center for fear responses.

Far - reaching neurons in the central amygdala, the location of fear memory in the brain seen here in red (rightl), directly contact neurons in the brainstem, here in green (left).

These results implicate adrenaline - containing neurons in the brainstem in the development of hypertension.

She and her colleagues focused on the neuronal activity in the trapezoid body, a structure located in the brainstem that forms part of the pathway that eventually leads to the auditory cortex.

In 2015, Noebels and Dr. Isamu Aiba, a research fellow in neurology at Baylor, published a paper in Science Translational Medicine in which they described in a mouse model what would happen if spreading depolarization, the blackout of brain activity, occurred deep in the brainstem, which controls the heart beat and breathing.

«Mice could have seizures and nothing would happen, but then one seizure would finally trigger a blackout event in the brainstem.»

Developmental neurotransmitter pathology in the brainstem of sudden infant death syndrome: a review and sleep position

In animal models, exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine during fetal development alters the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in areas of the brainstem important for autonomic function, 28 alters the neuronal excitability of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (a brainstem region important for sensory integration), 29 and alters fetal autonomic activity and medullary neurotransmitter receptors.30 In human infants, there are strong associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and serotonin receptors in the brainstem during development.31 Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke attenuates recovery from hypoxia in preterm infants, 32 decreases heart rate variability in preterm33 and term34 infants, and abolishes the normal relationship between heart rate and gestational age at birth.33 Moreover, infants of smoking mothers exhibit impaired arousal patterns to trigeminal stimulation in proportion to urinary cotinine levels.35 It is important to note also that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke alters the normal programming of cardiovascular reflexes such that there is a greater - than - expected increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to breathing 4 % carbon dioxide or a 60 ° head - up tilt.36 These changes in autonomic function, arousal, and cardiovascular reflexes might all increase an infant's vulnerability to SIDS.

Postmortem studies of Northern Plains American Indian infants revealed that prenatal cigarette smoking was significantly associated with decreased serotonin receptor binding in the brainstem.

There's not a parent on the planet who doesn't feel triggered when their kids find themselves stuck in their brainstem, where FLIGHT, FIGHT and FREEZE rule the day.

Experts found that up to 70 percent of babies who died from SIDS had lower than normal levels of serotonin in the brainstem.

Motoric excitations and many excitations in the brainstem and the cerebellum do not belong to this process.

The team tested the guinea pigs» hearing by monitoring the electrical activity in their brainstems in response to various noises.

He also spent a year of research at the University of California, San Diego Medical School investigating the effects of hypoxia on gene expression and regulation in the brainstems of mice.

Not exact matches

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter — a chemical messenger — that helps the brainstem communicate with nerve cells in the spinal cord and beyond.

Abnormalities of the brainstem serotonergic system in the sudden infant death syndrome: A review.

Serotonergenic brainstem abnormalities in Northern Plains Indians with the sudden infant death syndrome.

Multiple serotonergenic brainstem abnormalities in sudden infant death syndrome.

The health risks associated with formula feeding for premature infants include increased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, 5 delayed brainstem maturation, 6 decreased scoring on cognitive and developmental tests,7 - 10 and decreased visual development.11, 12 Thus, human - milk feeding of premature infants is desirable, and effective strategies to increase breastfeeding rates in this population are needed.

Brainstem abnormalities that involve the medullary serotonergic (5 - hydroxytryptamine [5 - HT]-RRB- system in up to 70 % of infants who die from SIDS are the most robust and specific neuropathologic findings associated with SIDS and have been confirmed in several independent data sets and laboratories.37, — , 40 This area of the brainstem plays a key role in coordinating many respiratory, arousal, and autonomic functions and, when dysfunctional, might prevent normal protective responses to stressors that commonly occur duriBrainstem abnormalities that involve the medullary serotonergic (5 - hydroxytryptamine [5 - HT]-RRB- system in up to 70 % of infants who die from SIDS are the most robust and specific neuropathologic findings associated with SIDS and have been confirmed in several independent data sets and laboratories.37, — , 40 This area of the brainstem plays a key role in coordinating many respiratory, arousal, and autonomic functions and, when dysfunctional, might prevent normal protective responses to stressors that commonly occur duribrainstem plays a key role in coordinating many respiratory, arousal, and autonomic functions and, when dysfunctional, might prevent normal protective responses to stressors that commonly occur during sleep.

Changes in serotoninergic receptors 1A and 2A in the piglet brainstem after intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (IHH) and nicotine

Serotoninergic receptor 1A in the sudden infant death syndrome brainstem medulla and associations with clinical risk factors

«Leaky calcium triggers brainstem blackout that results in sudden cardiac death.»

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a term applied to a number of different disorders, all having in common a genetic cause and the manifestation of weakness due to loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem.