Sentences with phrase «in cells of the retina»

My hope is to discover how age - related mitochondria dysfunction in cells of the retina lead to macular degeneration.

Paulaitis says «the novel concepts put forth in this study, of investigating small molecules called microRNAs to see what they can tell us about mitochondria disorders in cells of the retina, hold great promise of providing new insights into how age - related macular degeneration develops, after which new treatments can be designed to save or improve vision.»

Not exact matches

Consider also his claim that «the right way to think» about a visual experience is that «photons reflected off objects attack the photoreceptor cells of the retina and this sets up a series of neuronal processes (the retina being part of the brain), which eventually result, if all goes well, in a visual experience that is a perception of the very object that originally reflected the photons» (MC 64).

Docosahexaenoic acid is incorporated in large amounts into cell membranes of the developing retina and brain.

In most vertebrates and some mollusks, the eye works by allowing light to enter it and project onto a light - sensitive panel of cells known as the retina at the rear of the eye, where the light is detected and converted into electrical signals.

But is it fair to equate historical constraints with defects in describing how vertebrate photoreceptors are on the back of the «inside - out» retina, shadowed by blood vessels and overlying cells?

Neurons that fire in response to horizontal and vertical movements had already been found in the retinas of mammals, but the only cells known to be sensitive to approaching objects were in the brain.

Following injection into the retina of mice, the researchers could see fluorescent green concentrating in RPE cells.

Disease or an injury to the retina also can cause the loss of protective proteins in the cells, resulting in additional cell death.

Cone cells in the retina each carry a stack of membranous discs: as they grow they shed older discs and generate new ones.

One is the inability to replace the function of cells in the retina with a digital camera.

«These cyanobacteria use the entire cell body as a lens to focus an image of the light source at the cell membrane, as in the retina of an animal eye,» says University of London microbiologist Conrad Mullineaux, who helped to make the discovery.

Researchers in France and Sweden have, over the past couple of years, shown that when BMAA is injected into rodents it gets incorporated into their eyes (pdf), where it could build up and potentially cause damage to cells in the retina.

The downside is that people with these eye diseases are losing sight in large part because they're losing a different type of eye cell: the photoreceptors that sense light in the retina.

Neuroscientists usually explain color illusions in mechanistic terms: They arise because of the way cells in the retina and the brain respond to certain wavelengths of light.

The volunteers, ranging in age from 20 to 88, received injections under their retina of a particular type of eye cell, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, which were derived from hESCs in the lab.

LCA is a rare inherited eye disease that destroys vision by killing photoreceptors — light - sensitive cells in the retina at the back of the eye.

The ganglion cells are third or fourth in a chain of neurons triggered when light strikes the retina; the study suggested that neurons somewhere in this path calculate movement direction from the timed interplay of excitatory and inhibitory neural impulses.

Exposure to blinding light killed photoreceptor cells in the retinas of mice (left, dying cells colored pink).

The photoreceptors in the retina, at the back of the eyes, are the primary light sensitive cells that allow us to see: they convert light into electrical signals.

Clinical trials have shown that injection of human umbilical stem cells, or hUTC, into the retina helps preserve and restore vision in macular degeneration patients.

These electrodes pulse to stimulate cells in the retina, transmitting visual information along the optic nerve to the brain, creating the perception of patterns of light.

The impulse starts with excitation of the left retina, then travels down the optic nerve to cells in the midbrain and brain stem, which excite neurons near both eyes that cause the pupils to constrict.

At the top of the image are the retina's photoreceptor cells (in gray)-- the familiar rods and cones — that capture photons of light and translates them into electrical currents.

After initiating photoreceptor loss in the fish retinas, the researchers monitored the immune system's response by tracking the activity of three types of fluorescently labeled immune cells in and around the eye: neutrophils, microglia and peripheral macrophages.

In a report on their experiments, published April 2017 in the Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, the researchers say they found evidence that microglia, a cell type found in most vertebrae innate immune systems, affect the Müller glia's regenerative response and can be harnessed to accelerate the growth of new tissue in the retinIn a report on their experiments, published April 2017 in the Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, the researchers say they found evidence that microglia, a cell type found in most vertebrae innate immune systems, affect the Müller glia's regenerative response and can be harnessed to accelerate the growth of new tissue in the retinin the Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, the researchers say they found evidence that microglia, a cell type found in most vertebrae innate immune systems, affect the Müller glia's regenerative response and can be harnessed to accelerate the growth of new tissue in the retinin most vertebrae innate immune systems, affect the Müller glia's regenerative response and can be harnessed to accelerate the growth of new tissue in the retinin the retina.

In the centre of your retina is a dense patch of photoreceptor cells about 1 millimetre across.

When retinal cells die they are much more likely to die in the center of the retina than in the periphery, which the researchers say is exactly what happens in humans with age and the problem with macular degeneration.

Light intensity is detected by special cells in the retina and this information is relayed to the internal body clock, located deep in a part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

It is a disorder of the retina's cone cells, which provide vision in daylight, including color vision.

In those who have the disease, a lack of REP - 1 means that cells in the retina stop working and slowly begin to die off, causing blindnesIn those who have the disease, a lack of REP - 1 means that cells in the retina stop working and slowly begin to die off, causing blindnesin the retina stop working and slowly begin to die off, causing blindness.

The Montréal scientists discovered that a protein found in the retina plays an essential role in the function and survival of light - sensing cells that are required for vision.

Examples include the cochlea in the inner ear, with its sophisticated hair cells and sound - mapping capabilities, and the retina at the back of the eyeball, onto which optical images are projected.

In the»80s, Czeisler discovered that specialized ganglion cells in the retina are finely tuned to tell the brain to cut melatonin production when they are hit by a short wavelength (around 480 nanometers)-- precisely that of morning lighIn the»80s, Czeisler discovered that specialized ganglion cells in the retina are finely tuned to tell the brain to cut melatonin production when they are hit by a short wavelength (around 480 nanometers)-- precisely that of morning lighin the retina are finely tuned to tell the brain to cut melatonin production when they are hit by a short wavelength (around 480 nanometers)-- precisely that of morning light.

Genetic diseases like retinitis pigmentosa destroy the photosensitive cells of the eye, the photoreceptors, but often leave intact the other cells in the retina: the bipolar cells that the photoreceptors normally talk to, and the ganglion cells that are the retina's output to the brain.

«When we put the photoswitched channels into bipolar cells and record the output of the ganglion cells, we see complicated patterns that look a lot like the activity you get in a normal retina, compared to the on - off activity you get when you put the same photoswitch into a ganglion cell,» Isacoff said.

«The dog has a retina very similar to ours, much more so than mice, so when you want to bring a visual therapy to the clinic, you want to first show that it works in a large animal model of the disease,» said lead researcher Ehud Isacoff, professor of molecular and cell biology at UC Berkeley.

Nathans is a neuroscientist who studies how cells in the retina — the light - absorbing structure at the back of the eye, which is considered part of the brain — assume their correct identities, and how those cells respond to injury and disease.

In normal mice with working photoreceptors (PR driven), stimulating the retina produces a variety of responses in retinal ganglion cells, the output of the eyIn normal mice with working photoreceptors (PR driven), stimulating the retina produces a variety of responses in retinal ganglion cells, the output of the eyin retinal ganglion cells, the output of the eye.

Most causes of untreatable blindness occur due to loss of the millions of light sensitive photoreceptor cells that line the retina, similar to the pixels in a digital camera.

They receive and process signals from the retina's light - detecting cells, the rods and the cones, and transmit them to another set of cells that, in turn, transfer the information to the brain.

Functional damage to these photoreceptors, or pathological loss of the cells that bear them, results in inability to register light impinging on the retina — and is responsible for various types of visual impairment and certain forms of congenital blindness.

If they deprive the RPE of lactate, then those cells switch to burning the glucose instead of delivering it to the retina, the team reports this month in eLife.

Many diseases that lead to blindness, such as glaucoma and macular degeneration, are caused by the death of certain cells in the human retina that lack the ability to regenerate.

The scientists in Berkeley have now shown that DENAQ can indeed restore light responsiveness to a retina that has lost its primary photoreceptive cells, as they report in the latest issue of the journal Neuron.

It occurs when light - sensing cells malfunction in a part of the retina called the macula and block the central field of vision.

The condition is hereditary or age - related, and causes degeneration of the photoreceptors — light - sensitive cells in the retina — leading to blindness.

Green - light photons hold 240 kJ / mole of energy, which is enough to bend (but not break) the rhodopsin molecules in our retinas that trigger our photosensitive rod cells to fire.

«If you take a lens that has that much power and point it directly at the sun, the energy becomes very high,» and is enough to literally burn holes in the retina, or the light - sensitive cells at the back of the eye, Van Gelder said.

«Importantly, the investigation also demonstrates that newly generated cells in the mouse retina not only look and behave like neurons, they also wire correctly to the existing neural circuitry at the back of the eye.»