Sentences with phrase «in cellular homeostasis»

Not exact matches

A forward genetic screen in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) identified mutant copies, or alleles, of a gene called cacophony associated with defects in autophagy and cellular homeostasis.

Recently, researchers have begun to describe the function of autophagy, a cellular recycling process critical for homeostasis, in germline stem - cell proliferation of C. elegans.

Like this, the researchers from Jena, Berlin and Duisburg - Essen were able to conclude that lifespan extension in rodents can be attributed to changes in their defense against free radicals, iron homeostasis as well as cellular respiration and translation as central parts of the growth program.

Understanding the molecular connections between the local regulation of subcellular homeostasis and axon morphogenesis is therefore a critical challenge in cellular neurobiology.

We investigated the role of Srf in two cellular compartments of mouse skeletal muscle (myofibers and adult muscle stem cells) upon different perturbation of muscle homeostasis (hypertrophy, atrophy, regeneration).

For setting cancer in the context of ageing tissue, study of normal adult homeostasis is important — we are studying mutational processes, clonal dynamics and cellular competition in thousands of non-cancerous cells and samples from a range of tissue types, in health and disease.

This extreme morphology raises many cellular challenges: in particular, the delay required to transport organelles and cargo from the soma to distant parts of the axon can reach several hours and is incompatible with the rapid adaptation of subcellular homeostasis.

The protein may play a role in the regulation of renal and intestinal calcium and phosphate transport, cell metabolism, or cellular calcium / phosphate homeostasis.

Peroxynitrates results in lipid peroxidation of membranes and cause disturbances in tissue homeostasis that is severe enough to cause cellular damage and eventually cell death (Beattie et al., 2000).

Dr. Apte notes that current research suggests that NAD + biosynthesis is a critical process in cellular function and homeostasis in both animal models and humans.

The goals of this initiative are to understand cellular and molecular processes required for brain homeostasis and to identify deficiencies in neurological and neurodegenerative disease.

In the case of cellular amino acid homeostasis, many examples will be drawn from cancer cells, for which the understanding is more complete than for other cell types.

In this review, cellular and systemic amino acid homeostasis will be covered, including how amino acids act as signalling molecules to regulate their diverse functions.

My laboratory investigates metabolite - directed communication systems in orchestrating cellular homeostasis and organismal health span, by harnessing the power of functional genomics in Caenorhabditis elegans with metabolomics, chemical engineering, and optical biophysics.»

The researchers found that loss of collagen VII not only affected the composition of the cellular microenvironment but also led to global changes in cell homeostasis on mRNA and on protein level.

Here are some of the compelling findings on cognitive ability, gut health and immunity, telomere lengthening, cellular homeostasis and longevity — all processes that, if optimized, can result in graceful aging.

Certain particle compounds may directly generate ROS in vivo because of their surface chemistry (eg, metals, organic compounds, and semiquinones) or after bioactivation by cytochrome P450 systems (eg, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon conversion to quinones).6, 290 a, 290 b A particle surface or anions present on otherwise more inert particles may disrupt iron homeostasis in the lung and thereby also generate ROS via Fenton reactions.291 Other PM constituents may do so indirectly by the upregulation of endogenous cellular sources (eg, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]-RRB- oxidase) 292,293 or by perturbing organelle function (eg, mitochondria) by taken - up PM components.261 Particle stimulation of irritant and afferent ANS fibers may also play a role in local and systemic oxidative stress formation.294 Given the rich antioxidant defenses in the lung fluid, secondarily generated oxidization products of endogenous molecules (eg, oxidized phospholipids, proteins) or a reduction in endogenous antioxidants per se may be responsible at least in part for the state of oxidative stress in the lungs (along with instigating the subsequent cellular responses) rather than ROS derived directly from PM and its constituents.

''... we hypothesize that repeated stress - related allostatic overload may affect brain function at three basic levels: (a) at the cellular level, it may compromise proteostasis (e.g. tau protein), organelles homeostasis, and induce epigenetic changes in neuronal DNA; (b) at the tissue level it may affect intracellular communication (synaptic contacts), number of cells (reduction of neuronal density), composition of the extracellular matrix (accumulation of amyloid plaques), and neuroinflammation; (c) at the systemic levels it may alter the brain's regulation of behavior (cognitive decline).

Both of these molecules sense cellular energy homeostasis and nutrient balance, most notably in the context of calorie restriction and exercise.

Methylation, a fundamental epigenetic process whereby carbon groups are attached to DNA to either silence it or promote its expression, is quintessential to cellular processes including detoxification, metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, mitochondrial energy production, central nervous system function, cell cycle regulation, cellular integrity, and immune homeostasis — and derangements in methylation have been implicated in many diseases (Robertson, 2005).