Sentences with phrase «in cellular organelles»

«Fluorescent proteins in cellular organelles: serious pitfalls and some solutions.»

Photosynthesis, the process by which plants, algae, and select bacteria convert the sun's light energy into chemical energy, takes place in a cellular organelle called the chloroplast.

Not exact matches

Mitochondria, specialized organelles found in nearly every cell of the body, use cellular respiration to generate one of the most important sources of chemical energy — adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a versatile nucleotide that powers everything from cell division to cell signaling to transportation of large molecules across the cell membrane.

Instead of mitochondria (the cellular engines that convert oxygen to energy, present in all other known animal cells), these creatures contain structures resembling hydrogenosomes, the organelles that anaerobic microbes use to generate energy.

In the living world, transmembrane proteins are found embedded in the membrane of all cells and cellular organelleIn the living world, transmembrane proteins are found embedded in the membrane of all cells and cellular organellein the membrane of all cells and cellular organelles.

This enzyme (P45 - IKKα) is generated in the endosomes, a cellular organelle that transports material which has just been added to the cells and which needs a specific acidic environment for optimal performance.

Fluorescently labeled, positively - charged peptides (red) are attracted to negatively - charged RNAs (invisible in this image) forming droplets that simulate cellular structures called liquid organelles.

To measure genetic diversity, Nowak's team sequenced genes in the animals» mitochondria — energy - generating cellular organelles that have their own small genome.

Previous research has described at least some of the fundamental processes involved in healthy, on - going peripheral nerve growth regeneration, including the critical role of mitochondria — cellular organelles that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy - carrying molecule found in all cells that is vital to driving nerve recovery after injury.

«Excessive contact between cellular organelles disrupts metabolism in obesity.»

Mitochondria are well - defined cytoplasmic organelles, which take part in a variety of cellular metabolic functions.

Bits of misfolded proteins processed by specialty organelles may accumulate in the main compartment of the cell, the cytosol, where they can be tagged for disposal by the cellular garbage service.

This extreme morphology raises many cellular challenges: in particular, the delay required to transport organelles and cargo from the soma to distant parts of the axon can reach several hours and is incompatible with the rapid adaptation of subcellular homeostasis.

The tripods in turn can form prism - like structures, 100 nanometers on each side, that begin to approach the size of cellular organelles such as mitochondria.

According to a release from Dr. Hassan Dihazi, editor in chief, the journal covers all areas of proteomics including basic proteomic research; structural, functional, property, and interaction analysis of cellular systems, organelles, and protein complexes; and protein expression profiling for the discovery and validation of diagnostic and prognostic disease biomarkers.

These white blood cells digest unwanted cellular material in the body and the organelles they contain help them achieve that goal.

These mutations are also relevant to melanoma and to numerous associated birth defects of organs including the ear, eye, brain, reproductive, digestive and respiratory tracts, hemophilia, and cellular defects in protein transport, organelle biogenesis and apoptosis.

Certain particle compounds may directly generate ROS in vivo because of their surface chemistry (eg, metals, organic compounds, and semiquinones) or after bioactivation by cytochrome P450 systems (eg, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon conversion to quinones).6, 290 a, 290 b A particle surface or anions present on otherwise more inert particles may disrupt iron homeostasis in the lung and thereby also generate ROS via Fenton reactions.291 Other PM constituents may do so indirectly by the upregulation of endogenous cellular sources (eg, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]-RRB- oxidase) 292,293 or by perturbing organelle function (eg, mitochondria) by taken - up PM components.261 Particle stimulation of irritant and afferent ANS fibers may also play a role in local and systemic oxidative stress formation.294 Given the rich antioxidant defenses in the lung fluid, secondarily generated oxidization products of endogenous molecules (eg, oxidized phospholipids, proteins) or a reduction in endogenous antioxidants per se may be responsible at least in part for the state of oxidative stress in the lungs (along with instigating the subsequent cellular responses) rather than ROS derived directly from PM and its constituents.

The last but not least cool fasting - enhanced process worth mentioning here is cellular autophagy — a physiological process in the body that deals with destruction of damaged cells and stimulating new cell formation, which is really important for flushing out damaged organelles, pathogens, non-functional proteins and toxins, supporting tissue regeneration and preserving lean mass.

''... we hypothesize that repeated stress - related allostatic overload may affect brain function at three basic levels: (a) at the cellular level, it may compromise proteostasis (e.g. tau protein), organelles homeostasis, and induce epigenetic changes in neuronal DNA; (b) at the tissue level it may affect intracellular communication (synaptic contacts), number of cells (reduction of neuronal density), composition of the extracellular matrix (accumulation of amyloid plaques), and neuroinflammation; (c) at the systemic levels it may alter the brain's regulation of behavior (cognitive decline).

Examination under a microscope confirmed that the muscle fibers of the modified mice are denser, the muscles are more massive, and the cells in the tissue contain higher numbers of mitochondria — cellular organelles that deliver energy to the muscles.

However, an example of a factor that affects the ability of your muscles to absorb oxygen would be the extent of the blood capillary distribution at your muscles (more blood capillaries means more surface area for oxygen absorption), and an example of a factor that affects the ability of your muscles to use oxygen would be the mitochondrial density of your muscles (mitochondria are organelles in your cells that are primarily responsible for the cellular respiration process that uses oxygen to create ATP energy).

While fats can not be used to replenish muscle tissue, that's a moot point: carbohydrates and fats aren't just fuels — a lot of them go towards rebuilding the body (fat, for example, is in part used to form brain tissue, myelin, bile, bone marrow, and various cellular organelles — all of which are things that you use up to allow your body to exercise and to recover from it).