We show that,
in coastal sediments, the response may be dependent upon animals living within the sediment.
To further refine the probability estimates, they took into account past (prior to recorded history) tsunamis — evidence of which is preserved in geological layers
in coastal sediments, volcanic tephras, and archeological sites.
Not exact matches
Overall, the results confirm that
coastal areas would be hardest hit, and locations
in sediment - filled basins like downtown Seattle would shake more than hard, rocky mountaintops.
The team's research, supported by the National Science Foundation and a NASA graduate fellowship, began with a study of
coastal lake
sediments in Japan to establish long - term records of tsunami flooding.
Since the first project of its kind
in the U.S. at Coney Island, N.Y.,
in 1922,
coastal managers have used beach nourishment — essentially importing sand to replace
sediment lost through storms or erosion — to restore damaged beaches, but it is laborious and expensive.
Pushed by the natural motion of wind and ocean currents — often over long distances — the litter is present
in oceans worldwide, as well as
in sea floor
sediment and
coastal sands.
And the conundrum for
coastal engineers is that
sediment can only come
in large quantities from the processes of erosion — especially from fast - eroding cliff faces.
In coastal protection, it can mean, for instance, artificially building beaches that absorb the power of storm waves, or encouraging the natural forces that raise and extend a coastline, including salt marsh, by ensuring a supply of
sediment.
Nature will only build beaches and salt marshes if there is
sediment moving
in the
coastal waters.
«Once the oil, because of high tides or high winds, gets into the
coastal wetland, it gets trapped
in the
sediment,» notes Héctor M. Guzmán of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
in Panama, who studied the effects of the 1986 spill off Panama.
Warming and the seas — both on the rise Those ancient samples of
sediment from 10
coastal wetlands
in North Carolina provide some of the best evidence that sea - level rise closely follows warmer temperatures, Rahmstorf says.
Large uncertainties were caused by the GMSLR scenario and
sediment size; however, the minimum projected rate of beach loss was 18 %
in the near future, and this rate of loss is expected to have significant implications for
coastal management.
Prior to the industrial age, decomposing plant materials
in coastal waters and
sediments likely led to the release of carbon dioxide.
Professor Pierre Friedlingstein from the University of Exeter said: «Carbon storage
in sediments in these rivers and
coastal regions could present a more secure environment than carbon stored
in soil on land.
Fellow Melissa Garren from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California - San Diego collects
sediment samples beneath
coastal milkfish (Chanos chanos) farms
in Bolinao, Republic of the Philippines.
Scott has recently taken up an adjunct research position at the Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University where he is currently: (i) investigating the importance of enhanced larval survival and strong «local» reef interconnectedness as a triggering agent for primary outbreaks of crown ‐ of ‐ thorns starfish on the central GBR, and (ii) assessing potential improvements
in the health of
coastal seagrass and dependent dugong populations due to targeted reductions
in fine
sediment loads from the GBR catchment.
In addition, stronger storms may also lead to greater coral damage due to increased flooding events, associated terrestrial runoff of freshwater and dissolved nutrients from coastal watersheds, and changes in sediment transport (leading to smothering of corals
In addition, stronger storms may also lead to greater coral damage due to increased flooding events, associated terrestrial runoff of freshwater and dissolved nutrients from
coastal watersheds, and changes
in sediment transport (leading to smothering of corals
in sediment transport (leading to smothering of corals).
arine sedimentology, seafloor mapping, measuring long - term changes
in sea level,
coastal erosian,
sediment transport, geoarcheology, and costal zone management.
Sediment biogeochemistry; nutrient, metal, and sulfur cycling
in estuaries and
coastal wetlands.
Magnetite production and transformation
in the methanogenic consortia from
coastal riverine
sediments — Shiling Zheng — Journal of Microbiology
The assessment considered the impacts of several key drivers of climate change: sea level change; alterations
in precipitation patterns and subsequent delivery of freshwater, nutrients, and
sediment; increased ocean temperature; alterations
in circulation patterns; changes
in frequency and intensity of
coastal storms; and increased levels of atmospheric CO2.
In their study of sediments from the Black Sea, Eckert et al. (2013, p. 431 in this issue of Geology), make this step by providing, for the first time, a basin - wide reconstruction of the evolution of the chemocline in this silled coastal basin over the Holocen
In their study of
sediments from the Black Sea, Eckert et al. (2013, p. 431
in this issue of Geology), make this step by providing, for the first time, a basin - wide reconstruction of the evolution of the chemocline in this silled coastal basin over the Holocen
in this issue of Geology), make this step by providing, for the first time, a basin - wide reconstruction of the evolution of the chemocline
in this silled coastal basin over the Holocen
in this silled
coastal basin over the Holocene.
The exceptions are hydrate
in permafrost soils, especially those
coastal areas, and
in shallow ocean
sediments where methane gas is focused by subsurface migration.»
Golden Gate Audubon Society will plant native
coastal scrub plants and grasses to create a naturalistic
sediment contour
in the upland at Pier 94
in Bayview Hunters Point to sequester carbon and reduce runoff.
The tertiary source of CaCo3 is
sediments themselves —
in both
coastal areas and open water — as fined grained
sediment, shell and coral.
New Zealand
coastal geomorphologist Paul Kench, of the University of Auckland's School of Environment, and colleagues
in Australia and Fiji,... found that reef islands change shape and move around
in response to shifting
sediments, and that many of them are growing
in size, not shrinking, as sea level inches upward.
Mappings of the geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility of detrital sources
in the watershed of the lagoon and from the
coastal barriers were undertaken
in order to track the terrestrial or
coastal / marine origin of
sediments deposited into the lagoon.
Detailed impacts, however, will vary strongly from region to region and coast to coast and therefore can not be easily generalized, as changing mean and extreme
coastal water levels depend on a combination of near shore and offshore processes, related to climatic but also non-climatic anthropogenic factors, such as natural land movement arising from tectonics, volcanism or compaction; land subsidence due to anthropogenic extraction of underground resources; and changes
in coastal morphology resulting from
sediment transport induced by natural and / or anthropogenic factors.
report that ocean
sediment cores containing an «undisturbed history of the past» have been analyzed for variations
in PP over timescales that include the Little Ice Age... they determined that during the LIA the ocean off Peru had «low PP, diatoms and fish,» but that «at the end of the LIA, this condition changed abruptly to the low subsurface oxygen, eutrophic upwelling ecosystem that today produces more fish than any region of the world's oceans... write that «
in coastal environments, PP, diatoms and fish and their associated predators are predicted to decrease and the microbial food web to increase under global warming scenarios,» citing Ito et al..
«As more dams are built and as land use and agricultural practices
in coastal regions continue to rapidly change, we're seeing a sharp drop
in inorganic
sediment delivery to many
coastal marshes worldwide.
A fraction of this carbon is released as CO2 by rivers and lakes to the atmosphere, a fraction is buried
in freshwater organic
sediments and the remaining amount (~ 0.9 PgC / year) is delivered by rivers to the
coastal ocean.
Benthic microbial processes can also modify alkalinity and pH through
sediment — water fluxes
in coastal ecosystems (Cyronak et al. 2013).
# 1: «We know that some
coastal areas
in the northern Gulf were degraded by the BP spill, and when storms come, toxics that have accumulated
in the bottom
sediment could reenter the water column, as has been observed decades after the Exxon Valdez disaster.»
Seasonal distribution of nitrifying bacteria and rates of nitrification
in coastal marine
sediments
Organic matter diagenesis at the oxic / anoxic interface
in coastal marine
sediments, with emphasis on the role of burrowing animals
Bioturbating shrimp alter the structure and diversity of bacterial communities
in coastal marine
sediments