Sentences with phrase «in cognitive vulnerability»

Results indicated that gender differences in depressive symptoms emerged prior to gender differences in cognitive vulnerability and stressful life events; depressive symptoms significantly mediated the emergent gender difference in cognitive style and dependent interpersonal stress.

Individual differences in this cognitive vulnerability appear to manifest in early teenage years and remain constant throughout adulthood, but the researchers believed that it might still be controllable under certain circumstances.

Those who exhibited an increase in cognitive vulnerability in the 1st 3 months of college had almost twice the level of symptoms of depression at 6 months than students who did not exhibit such an increase.

More importantly, changes in cognitive vulnerability impacted risk for future symptoms of depression.

Not exact matches

Physical punishment is associated with a range of mental health problems in children, youth and adults, including depression, unhappiness, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness, use of drugs and alcohol, and general psychological maladjustment.26 — 29 These relationships may be mediated by disruptions in parent — child attachment resulting from pain inflicted by a caregiver, 30,31 by increased levels of cortisol32 or by chemical disruption of the brain's mechanism for regulating stress.33 Researchers are also finding that physical punishment is linked to slower cognitive development and adversely affects academic achievement.34 These findings come from large longitudinal studies that control for a wide range of potential confounders.35 Intriguing results are now emerging from neuroimaging studies, which suggest that physical punishment may reduce the volume of the brain's grey matter in areas associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS - III).36 In addition, physical punishment can cause alterations in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse of drugs and alcohol.in children, youth and adults, including depression, unhappiness, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness, use of drugs and alcohol, and general psychological maladjustment.26 — 29 These relationships may be mediated by disruptions in parent — child attachment resulting from pain inflicted by a caregiver, 30,31 by increased levels of cortisol32 or by chemical disruption of the brain's mechanism for regulating stress.33 Researchers are also finding that physical punishment is linked to slower cognitive development and adversely affects academic achievement.34 These findings come from large longitudinal studies that control for a wide range of potential confounders.35 Intriguing results are now emerging from neuroimaging studies, which suggest that physical punishment may reduce the volume of the brain's grey matter in areas associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS - III).36 In addition, physical punishment can cause alterations in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse of drugs and alcohol.in parent — child attachment resulting from pain inflicted by a caregiver, 30,31 by increased levels of cortisol32 or by chemical disruption of the brain's mechanism for regulating stress.33 Researchers are also finding that physical punishment is linked to slower cognitive development and adversely affects academic achievement.34 These findings come from large longitudinal studies that control for a wide range of potential confounders.35 Intriguing results are now emerging from neuroimaging studies, which suggest that physical punishment may reduce the volume of the brain's grey matter in areas associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS - III).36 In addition, physical punishment can cause alterations in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse of drugs and alcohol.in areas associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS - III).36 In addition, physical punishment can cause alterations in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse of drugs and alcohol.In addition, physical punishment can cause alterations in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse of drugs and alcohol.in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse of drugs and alcohol.37

«While gender differences in cognitive function are small, the differences in vulnerability for diseases are spectacular,» says Geert J. de Vries, a neuroscientist at Georgia State University in Atlanta.

HD comprises several cognitive and affective symptoms, as well as uncontrolled movement (chorea), which have been hypothesized to arise from a preferential vulnerability of indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs) preceding dysfunction of the direct pathway SPNs (dSPNs) in the striatum.

They speculated that cognitive vulnerability may well be contagious at the time of important transitions in life, when our social environments are changing.

The findings revealed that freshmen who had been randomly assigned to a roommate having higher cognitive vulnerability levels were most likely to «catch» the cognitive style of their roommate and develop high cognitive vulnerability levels; those who had been assigned to roommates with low initial cognitive vulnerability levels had a decrease in their own levels.

One study also found that consuming high - antioxidant foods like walnuts «can decrease the enhanced vulnerability to oxidative stress that occurs in aging,» «increase health span,» and also «enhance cognitive and motor function in aging.»

- Directly from the paper: «Systemic inflammation, blood - brain barrier vulnerability and cognitive / non-cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer disease: relevance to pathogenesis and therapy ``:

Outcome measures Level of developmental vulnerability in Australian children for five developmental domains: physical well - being, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills and communication skills and general knowledge.

Effects of a cognitive - behavioural internet program on depression, vulnerability to depression and stigma in adolescent males: a school - based controlled trial

Whether in contexts of adversity or security, early relationships form the foundation for cognitive, affective and neurobiological adaptation.2, 3,4 Whereas relational vulnerabilities engender distress and maladaptation, relational resources foster emotional health and competence.5, 6,7 In the context of safe and responsive relationships with caregivers and others, young children develop core regulatory and processing capacities that enable them to maximize developmental opportunities and effectively negotiate developmental challengein contexts of adversity or security, early relationships form the foundation for cognitive, affective and neurobiological adaptation.2, 3,4 Whereas relational vulnerabilities engender distress and maladaptation, relational resources foster emotional health and competence.5, 6,7 In the context of safe and responsive relationships with caregivers and others, young children develop core regulatory and processing capacities that enable them to maximize developmental opportunities and effectively negotiate developmental challengeIn the context of safe and responsive relationships with caregivers and others, young children develop core regulatory and processing capacities that enable them to maximize developmental opportunities and effectively negotiate developmental challenges.

Resilience research has identified several mechanisms by which protective and vulnerability factors operate to increase or decrease the probability of competence in contexts of adversity, respectively.11 As noted previously, sensitive caregiving engenders adaptive neurobiological, behavioural, and cognitive organization in early childhood.4, 8 Thus, positive relationships contribute to resilient adaptation by promoting resources, such as self - esteem, self - efficacy and coping capacities.

Development of gender differences in depression: An elaborated cognitive vulnerability - transactional stress theory.

The presentation addresses the empirical foundations of schema theory by shedding light on the role of early maladaptive schemas in depression etiology and reviews the clinical evidence of schema therapy as a possible treatment option for (chronic) depression: Limited evidence suggests that ST by targeting self - referential cognitive schemas (EMS) which mediate the effects of early life adversity on vulnerability towards and maintenance of depressive disorders in the sense of distal risk factors could be an effective treatment for depression and a feasible alternative to CBT (Brewin et al. 2009; Carter et al. 2013; Malogiannis et al. 2014; Renner et al. 2016).

Associated outcomes include negative infant temperament, 24 insecure attachment, 25 cognitive and language development difficulties, 26 lower self - esteem and other cognitive vulnerabilities to depression in five year olds, 27 and poorer peer relations in early childhood.28

By school entry, 43 — 47 % of Aboriginal children have markers of developmental vulnerability.12, 13 In 2009, the first - ever national census of childhood development at school entry showed that Aboriginal children were 2 — 3 times more likely than non-Aboriginal children to be developmentally vulnerable — defined as an Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) score below the 10th centile — on one or more domains.14 The Longitudinal Survey of Australian Children reported similar disparities for cognitive outcomes among Aboriginal children aged 4 — 5 years, although the number of Aboriginal children was very small and not representative of the Aboriginal population.15 There is currently a dearth of empirical research that identifies the drivers of positive early childhood health and development in Aboriginal children, or characterises vulnerable developmental trajectorieIn 2009, the first - ever national census of childhood development at school entry showed that Aboriginal children were 2 — 3 times more likely than non-Aboriginal children to be developmentally vulnerable — defined as an Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) score below the 10th centile — on one or more domains.14 The Longitudinal Survey of Australian Children reported similar disparities for cognitive outcomes among Aboriginal children aged 4 — 5 years, although the number of Aboriginal children was very small and not representative of the Aboriginal population.15 There is currently a dearth of empirical research that identifies the drivers of positive early childhood health and development in Aboriginal children, or characterises vulnerable developmental trajectoriein Aboriginal children, or characterises vulnerable developmental trajectories.

The findings from these studies converge on the theme that attachment theory has considerable utility in potentially extending and refining current cognitive vulnerability models through a consideration of interpersonal context and the cognitive mechanisms by which negative interpersonal experiences may confer increased risk to later anxious and depressive symptoms.

The articles in this special issue address empirically the application of attachment theory to cognitive vulnerability models of anxiety and depression.

To improve our understanding of the development of depressive symptoms, future research could test hypotheses in which factors from different levels interact, i.e., cognitions, genetics, environment, affect, negative life experiences, as suggested by the cognitive vulnerability - transactional stress model (Hankin and Abramson 2001).

«Cognitive vulnerability - stress models of psychopathology: a developmental perspective,» in Development of Psycho - Pathology: A Vulnerability - Stress Perspective, eds B. L. Hankin and J. R. Z. Abela (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage), 104vulnerability - stress models of psychopathology: a developmental perspective,» in Development of Psycho - Pathology: A Vulnerability - Stress Perspective, eds B. L. Hankin and J. R. Z. Abela (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage), 104Vulnerability - Stress Perspective, eds B. L. Hankin and J. R. Z. Abela (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage), 104 — 135.

Past research examining the validity of PCS in Chinese samples has indicated that it is positively associated with other measures of cognitive vulnerability including the children's dysfunctional attitudes scale as well as negatively correlated with levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (Auerbach et al. 2009a, b).

We examined all publications from the ROOTS study up to July 2015, selected those examining adolescent mental health, and classified them as investigating (a) childhood risk factors for adolescent depression, (b) genetic and cognitive vulnerability to depression in adolescence, (c) genetic markers, childhood adversities, and neuroendophenotypes, (d) morning cortisol and depression, (e) physical activity and depression symptoms, and (f) the underlying structure of mental health in adolescence.

The current study examined cognitive vulnerability models in relationship to depressive symptoms from a developmental perspective.

This study investigated the buffering effects of psychological well - being on the relationships between cognitive vulnerabilities (fear of anxiety and negative beliefs about worry) and GAD symptoms among 297 Japanese undergraduates (female = 62 %, age = 18.91 ± 1.61) in a two - wave prospective cohort study.

This study aims to investigate whether gender differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms, with girls reporting more depressive symptoms than boys, are related to gender differences in cognitive schema vulnerability.

Studies suggest that the interaction between cognitive vulnerability and stressors may function differently in girls and boys during adolescence; however, evidence is inconsistent and may point to moderation by a combination of age and gender.

In this study three different pathways among these variables were assessed simultaneously: (1) cognitive vulnerabilities and stressors as predictors of depressive symptoms (vulnerability model), (2) depressive symptoms and cognitive vulnerabilities as predictors of stressors (stress generation model), and (3) depressive symptoms and stressors as predictors of cognitive vulnerabilities (consequence model).

Developmental Trajectories and Origins of a Core Cognitive Vulnerability to Internalizing Symptoms in Middle Childhood.

This study represents an important step in applying a transactional perspective to understanding cognitive vulnerability to depression.

Further, cognitive schema vulnerability mediated the relationship between life - stress and depressive symptoms in girls but not in boys.

To conclude, the cognitive vulnerability - stress interaction may be moderated by the combination of age and gender in youth, which may explain inconsistent findings so far.

In sum, the present study examines theoretically - driven models of cognitive vulnerability to depression in Canadian and Chinese adolescentIn sum, the present study examines theoretically - driven models of cognitive vulnerability to depression in Canadian and Chinese adolescentin Canadian and Chinese adolescents.

The relationship between NCS and depressive symptoms approached level of significance in middle to late adolescent boys, but only in the presence of many stressors, supporting a cognitive vulnerability - stress model in middle to late adolescent boys.

A three - step, hierarchical regression analysis was performed to predict change in generalized anxiety from cognitive vulnerabilities, sub-dimensions of psychological well - being, and their interaction (as well as T1 generalized anxiety).

Thus, current findings suggest that inconsistent results regarding the cognitive vulnerability - stress model in youth so far may be due to the moderating role of gender being dependent on age.

Stress - reactive rumination and negative cognitive style may not interact in youth as cognitive vulnerability factors may not have stabilised yet.

Theoretically, the introduction of SR - rumination is novel and contributes to existing research on cognitive vulnerability in youth.

While children are prone to experience depressive symptoms as a direct consequence of negative events (Nolen - Hoeksema et al. 1992), Turner and Cole (1994) posit that adolescents» ability to utilize abstract reasoning increases the likelihood of developing stable cognitive vulnerabilities that are activated in the presence of stress.

Furthermore, NCS in the interpersonal domain was related to depressive symptoms in boys and girls, except in early adolescent girls reporting few stressors, thus supporting a cognitive vulnerability - stress model in early adolescent girls.

Furthermore, research has shown that cognitive vulnerability - stress interactions in relationship to depressive symptoms emerge somewhere between the ages of 11 — 15 (Hyde et al. 2008).

Past research examining the relationship between cognitive vulnerability to depressive symptoms in adolescent samples have found strong support for a wide range of factors including attributional style (e.g., Abela and Hankin 2008), dysfunctional attitudes (e.g., Lewinsohn et al. 2001), and rumination (Abela et al. 2007).

The present study examines whether cognitive and interpersonal vulnerability factors to depression contribute to stress generation in children, independent of their current depressive symptoms.

This study also explores the mediating role of children's cognitive vulnerabilities to anxiety disorders in the relationship between parental variables and children's anxiety.

This study examined whether the cognitive vulnerability - stress model of depression may contribute to our understanding of the gender difference in depression in adolescence.

Girls showed stronger associations between stress and depression over time, and the cognitive vulnerability - stress interaction was significant in predicting girls» but not boys» depression trajectories.