Sentences with phrase «in crystal»

These compressed springs then create strain in the crystal lattice between the micelles, leading to enhanced mechanical strength.

So Greg has been collaborating in Crystal Kelehear's program of sampling toads on a regular basis at several sites, to measure the toad's level of parasite infection as well as their immune - system function, hormone levels, body condition, and so forth.

«I can remember the exact spot on the Backs [the riverside in Cambridge] where the idea suddenly leapt into my mind that Laue's spots were due to the reflection of X-ray pulses by sheets of atoms in the crystal,» Lawrence later wrote.

As the x-rays pass through and bounce off of atoms in the crystal, they leave a diffraction pattern, which can then be analyzed to determine the three - dimensional shape of the protein.

The compound was then, in a crystal form, mixed with 30 milligrams of dry yeast in order to increase perceived odor similarity with the control stimulus.

I may have missed the opportunity to have my aura photograph taken or to learn about my future from a Sedona fortuneteller, I can certainly understand the sense of magic this spectacular and serene scenery invokes in visitor — although for me, the true magic is not the mist in the crystal ball but knowing a bit about the incredible and distant past these majestic rock formation witnessed.

A similarly roundabout journey awaits everything that comes here: Digital optical modules that track high - energy neutrinos in the crystal - clear Antarctic ice, building materials for the galaxy - hunting South Pole Telescope, and the buzzing sodium - vapor lamps.

When a nitrogen atom replaces a carbon in the crystal structure of diamond, it creates a nitrogen - vacancy center, which can store information that is written and read out using light.

«Longstanding bottleneck in crystal structure prediction solved.»

Disrupted oscillations The researchers focused on nitrogen — vacancy (NV) centers, imperfections in diamond that arise where an atom of nitrogen and an empty space replace carbon atoms at two neighboring spots in the crystal lattice.

This combination made it possible to observe the reactions of perlucin in the crystal lattice.

With the model, Garcke and his colleagues found unexpected aspects of snowflake formation, such as the strong influence of bonds between surface molecules in the crystal.

Phonons represent units of energy produced by vibrating atoms in a crystal lattice.

Instead, they are disturbed by their surrounding environment, be it a gas, a solution or lattice vibrations in a crystal.

To explain this phenomenon, the researchers used the INM's expertise in mussel proteins and the expertise in crystal analysis at the Institute in Haifa.

Ordinary «bulk» silicon with high concentrations of hydrogen implanted in the crystal lattice showed some promise, but to «dope» silicon in this way meant bombarding it with ion beams, which damages it.

The efficiency of the singlet fission process appears to rely heavily on the number of molecules packed within each repeating pattern or «motif» in the crystal, and on a particular type of symmetry that in which there is a 180 - degree rotation and mirroring of these motifs.

In silicon, by contrast, they lose energy indirectly, by a process involving vibrations of the atoms in the crystal, called phonons.

«You don't want defects in the crystal structure and you don't want impurities, which can be a source of extra nucleation,» Lograsso said.

«Improved model of energy highway along protein strands: Lessons from self - trapped electrons in crystal lattice offer better predictive power for transport model.»

Burgers vectors are a measure of the strength - influencing distortions caused by dislocations in a crystal lattice.

The researchers added oxygen impurities to the crystal, which resulted in a crystal having three band gaps instead of the customary one.

The key to the whole design is the added nitrogen atom together with a neighboring vacancy in the crystal structure.

Singer's Ph.D., completed at Indiana University in Bloomington, was a study of «phonons,» vibrating atoms in a crystal lattice that cause superconductivity.

Those broken bonds release negatively charged electrons, which remain trapped in place, and create positively charged «holes» in the crystal, Freund explains.

Led by Masaaki Isobe, a team consisting of Hiroyuki Yoshida, Koji Kimoto, Masao Arai and Eiji Muromachi recently searched for novel substances that lack spatial inversion symmetry in their crystal structures.

Specifically, a metal - organic framework compound, copper [1,3 - benzenedicarboxylate] with a unique arrangement of copper atoms in a crystal, has been shown to exhibit this novel behavior.

When a magnetic field is switched on, electrons are unable to migrate from a conductive surface (blue) through chains of molecules encapsulated in a crystal to the tip of an atomic force microscope (grey).

Davis and company knew that in metals, the property arose from vibrations in the crystal lattice.

If the melted material were allowed to solidify in the normal way, the atoms would «line up in rows» in a crystal lattice.

«We found that they are a result of zinc atoms that were incorrectly positioned in the crystal lattice,» says Zheng.

The great similarity between the small heat shock proteins of nematodes and humans in specific locations becomes apparent in the crystal structure of the Sip1 protein.

As soon as they are encased in the crystal, they begin to decay into lead, starting an atomic clock that will tick for billions of years.

Silicon can do this because the electrons in the crystal get up and move when exposed to light instead of just jiggling in place to make heat.

To break this limit in crystal size, an extremely bright X-ray beam was needed, which was obtained using a so - called free - electron laser (FEL), in which a beam of high - speed electrons is guided through a magnetic undulator causing them to emit laser - like X-ray pulses.

In the crystal structure of an α - helical region of mammalian Nup58 / 45, we identified distinct tetramers, each consisting of two antiparallel hairpin dimers.

Every molecule in the crystal changed from being shaped like a soccer ball to being shaped like an AFL ball at the same time.

Yazdani and his colleagues discovered the odd behavior while studying electrons in a crystal made of layers of tantalum and arsenic.

Shooting ions at superconducting materials is a well - established method for artificially introducing defects in the crystal structure or chemistry of the materials to increase the amount of current they can carry.

The ruby was surrounded by a flash tube to provide the energy to stimulate the atoms in the crystal.

Heating and then recooling a crystal, a process called annealing, is in general expected to remove defects in the crystal structure.

«In a crystal, the distances between lattice atoms and the angles made by the segments bonding the different atoms are always the same.

The change in distance modulates the electron distribution in the crystal and, thus, the x-ray absorption spectrum of the Li + ions.

Still the achieved theoretical model represents just a first step in the interpretation of the measured electron race since intra-atomic motion and propagation in the crystal are treated separately.

«The low ratio of 18O to 16O contents in the crystal rims indicate that something in the magmatic system changed drastically just before the big eruption.

In the crystal developed by UCLA researchers, a metallo - organic framework (top and bottom layers of molecules) surrounds central sphere - like shapes, which can rotate at up to 50 billion rotations per second.

They found that the carbon nuggets are encased in crystal that could only have formed when the rock initially cooled from magma.

In a novel type of experiment, regularly arranged atoms in a crystal are set into vibration by a laser pulse and a sequence of snapshots is generated via changes of x-ray absorption.

The roots of the supersolid controversy go back to 1969, when Russian physicists predicted a state of solid matter in which gaps, or vacancies, in a crystal structure could move together as a single quantum wave — a collective motion reminiscent of the frictionless flow of a superfluid.

The peculiar behavior of LiH originates from the strong electric forces between all charged particles in the crystal.