Sentences with phrase «in deep ocean layers»

Just pop around the site today and you'll see Amelia Urry's interesting piece explaining why a study finding vastly more fish in a deep ocean layer than previous estimates doesn't mean worries about overfishing are overblown.

For example, as discussed in Nuccitelli et al. (2012), the ocean heat content data set compiled by a National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) team led by Sydney Levitus shows that over the past decade, approximately 30 percent of ocean heat absorption has occurred in the deeper ocean layers, consistent with the results of Balmaseda et al. (2013).

In the Atlantic Ocean, the current known as the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) ferries warm surface waters northward — where the heat is released into the atmosphere — and carries cold water south in the deeper ocean layers, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Not exact matches

Last year, a study published in Science Advances found that the oceans have been steadily storing more heat since the 1980s and that deeper layers of the ocean are starting to warm up, as well.

The smoke, from fires deep in Africa, is nearly invisible to satellites in space, and because the southeast Atlantic Ocean has few islands, the layers are hard to study from below.

This enabled the research team to reconstruct, for the first time, a detailed picture of the environmental conditions at the ocean's surface, as well as in deeper water layers, over the last 30,000 years.

They compared isotope measurements on the silica skeletons of diatoms, which store environmental signals from the ocean's surface, with isotope signals from radiolarians, which live in deeper water layers.

Most important, the work simulated the movement of dye — not viscous oil — injected in the upper layers of the ocean — not the deep seafloor — for a total of two months — not the ongoing no - end - in - sight disaster.

Trenbeth and others have used simulation - based studies to suggest that the ocean is continuing to warm, but the deeper layers have been warming up more in the last decade.

«In that area, like on the eastern boundaries of other tropical oceans, nutrient - rich waters from deeper water layers are transported to the surface,» explains co-author Prof. Dr. Hermann Bange, also from GEOMAR.

That means it sinks into the deeper layers of the ocean, and the contrast between this warm water and the undersea ice canyons contributes an unknown but substantial amount of sea level rise, said Josh Willis, an oceanographer at JPL in Pasadena, California.

One, which the authors themselves note, is that the warming of the Arctic Ocean that is already happening could trap nutrients in deeper, cooler layers that would make them less available to feed algae blooms.

Bacteria, however, have remained Earth's most successful form of life — found miles deep below as well as within and on surface rock, within and beneath the oceans and polar ice, floating in the air, and within as well as on Homo sapiens sapiens; and some Arctic thermophiles apparently even have life - cycle hibernation periods of up to a 100 million years while waiting for warmer conditions underneath increasing layers of sea sediments (Lewis Dartnell, New Scientist, September 20, 2010; and Hubert et al, 2010).

The second standout feature is in the deeper layers of ocean.

The biggest increases in ocean heat content were in those deeper layers, showing «that the deep ocean has played an increasingly important role in the ocean energy budget since 1998,» according to the study.

Nakano, H., and N. Suginohara, 2002: Effects of bottom boundary layer parameterization on reproducing deep and bottom waters in a World Ocean model.

A subsequent study by Balmaseda, Trenberth, and Källén (2013) determined that over the past decade, approximately 30 % of ocean warming has occurred in the deeper layers, below 700 meters.

In the oceans, warmer weather is driving stronger winds that are exposing deeper layers of water, which are already saturated with carbon and not as able to absorb as much from the atmosphere.

Some heat is being transferred to the deeper ocean by wind changes, reducing the rate of increase in the upper layer, which reduces the warming rate on land.

This is because (a) the rate of heat penetration into the deeper ocean increases in proportion to temperature (like for ice melt), and (b) the second term we added models the mixed layer response successfully.

The standard assumption has been that, while heat is transferred rapidly into a relatively thin, well - mixed surface layer of the ocean (averaging about 70 m in depth), the transfer into the deeper waters is so slow that the atmospheric temperature reaches effective equilibrium with the mixed layer in a decade or so.

A lot of reseach energy is being devoted to the study of Methane Clathrates — a huge source of greenhouse gases which could be released from the ocean if the thermocline (the buoyant stable layer of warm water which overlies the near - freezing deep ocean) dropped in depth considerably (due to GHG warming), or especially if the deep ocean waters were warmed by very, very extreme changes from the current climate, such that deep water temperatures no longer hovered within 4C of freezing, but warmed to something like 18C.

To some extent, this is again due to the factors mentioned above, but additionally, the models predict that the North Atlantic as a whole will not warm as fast as the rest of globe (due to both the deep mixed layers in this region which have a large thermal inertia and a mild slowdown in the ocean heat transports).

And in the long term, human emissions would have to drop to ZERO in order to stabilize concentrations, because the deep ocean will eventually reach equilibrium with the surface layers.

The surface heat capacity C (j = 0) was set to the equivalent of a global layer of water 50 m deep (which would be a layer ~ 70 m thick over the oceans) plus 70 % of the atmosphere, the latent heat of vaporization corresponding to a 20 % increase in water vapor per 3 K warming (linearized for current conditions), and a little land surface; expressed as W * yr per m ^ 2 * K (a convenient unit), I got about 7.093.

If somehow and I can't possibly imagine how, there was a huge increase in circulation between the surface and the deeper layers of the ocean, that would be disastrous for global temperatures but not upwards but downwards!

In colder oceans, the separating layer (thermocline) does not form, or only for parts of the year, so phytoplankton at the top receives nutrients from the deeper sea and provides oxygen for the the upper and deeper layers (as well as nutrients, when phytoplankton decomposes).

SAT in zones of deep ocean mixed layers is expected to warm more slowly than average, precisely because the energy is warming the deeper ocean layers instead of the surface.

«As a result, ocean waters deeper than 500 meters (about 1,600 feet) have a large but still unrealized absorption capacity... As emissions slow in the future, the oceans will continue to absorb excess CO2... into ever - deeper layers... eventually, 50 to 80 percent of CO2 cumulative emissions will likely reside in the oceans»

Even assuming that the dataset is comprehensive: Considering that the upper - ocean cooling is seen mainly at 30N and 30S, another explanation for this cooling is increased ocean — to — atmosphere heat transfer in these regions (possibly aided by hurricane - mixing of the upper ocean layer, and advection of deeper cold water as a result).

In addition to the shallow La Niña — like patterns in the Pacific that were the previous focus, we found that the slowdown is mainly caused by heat transported to deeper layers in the Atlantic and the Southern oceans, initiated by a recurrent salinity anomaly in the subpolar North AtlantiIn addition to the shallow La Niña — like patterns in the Pacific that were the previous focus, we found that the slowdown is mainly caused by heat transported to deeper layers in the Atlantic and the Southern oceans, initiated by a recurrent salinity anomaly in the subpolar North Atlantiin the Pacific that were the previous focus, we found that the slowdown is mainly caused by heat transported to deeper layers in the Atlantic and the Southern oceans, initiated by a recurrent salinity anomaly in the subpolar North Atlantiin the Atlantic and the Southern oceans, initiated by a recurrent salinity anomaly in the subpolar North Atlantiin the subpolar North Atlantic.

This suggestion of an accelerated warming in a deep layer of the ocean has been suggested mostly on the basis of results from reanalyses of different types (that is, numerical simulations of the ocean and atmosphere that are forced to fit observations in some manner).

Scientists also think that the circulation of heat from the top layers of the ocean, which have been most affected to date, to the deeper oceans below may be another factor behind the «hiatus» in global warming.

Recently there have been some widespread misconceptions about heat accumulation in the oceans, particularly in the deeper layers below 700 meters.

Water from the faucet represents heat entering the shallow ocean layer, water exiting the drain represents heat leaving the shallow oceans and entering the deep oceans, and the water level in the bathtub represents the heat in the shallow ocean layer.

Yes, it takes a while for the deep ocean to heat up, but we're not measuring deep ocean heat, we're measuring the air temperature in the boundary layer.

By the same physical argument, one expects minima in the response to external forcing in the subpolar oceans, since these are being held back by their strong coupling to the deeper layers.

Another contributor is changes in ocean circulation which cause less heat is transported upwards from the deeper, warmer layer.

Also changes in ocean overturning processes would change mixing rate with the deep cold layers.

If there were no mixing in the ocean, the deep ocean would be a cold stagnant pool with a thin warm surface layer.

As discussed in the following section, the absence of significant warming in the Circumpolar Ocean of the Southern hemisphere is attributable mainly to the large thermal inertia of the ocean, which results from very effective mixing between the surface layer and the deeper layers of ocean in this reOcean of the Southern hemisphere is attributable mainly to the large thermal inertia of the ocean, which results from very effective mixing between the surface layer and the deeper layers of ocean in this reocean, which results from very effective mixing between the surface layer and the deeper layers of ocean in this reocean in this region.

However, due to the preponderance of La Niñas, heat has been funneled to the deeper ocean layers, and is poised to come back and haunt us in future El Niño events.

The rate of OHC uptake and solar are in the same order of magnitude, with an inertial lag, the deeper oceans would continue warming slowly while the upper layer flattens.

To enjoy getting into those claims you would have to consider the impacts of differing rates of advection in the different ocean and atmospheric layers from the stratopause to the deep oceans.

Regarding Antarctic sea ice expansion, according to Manabe et al 1991 (Part 1 of this set of papers), the cause is decreased mixing with deeper ocean layers, not increased as stated in the opening post.

They confirmed that the oceans have warmed substantially, most notably in the deeper layers, and that the strongest warming during this current negative IPO phase has been in the deep of the Southern and Atlantic Ooceans have warmed substantially, most notably in the deeper layers, and that the strongest warming during this current negative IPO phase has been in the deep of the Southern and Atlantic OceansOceans.

Notably the observations show greater warming in the deeper layers, with the strongest deep ocean warming occurring in the Atlantic & Southern Oocean warming occurring in the Atlantic & Southern OceanOcean.

Nor does residence time have anything to do with oceanographers» imaginary bottleneck in the boundary layer, where CO2 waits thousands of years for deep ocean sequestration to make room in the surface layer, constrained by equilibrium carbonate equations.

Henry's Law is only important for the oceans surface layer (the «mixed» layer), not for what resides in the deep oceans.

For a method for that, may I encourage you to look at Roy Spencer's recent model on thermal diffusion in the ocean: More Evidence that Global Warming is a False Alarm: A Model Simulation of the last 40 Years of Deep Ocean Warming June 25th, 2011 See especially his Figure Forcing Feedback Diffusion Model Explains Weak Warming in 0 - 700 m layer as Consistent with Low Climate Sensitivity His model appears to be more accurate than the IPocean: More Evidence that Global Warming is a False Alarm: A Model Simulation of the last 40 Years of Deep Ocean Warming June 25th, 2011 See especially his Figure Forcing Feedback Diffusion Model Explains Weak Warming in 0 - 700 m layer as Consistent with Low Climate Sensitivity His model appears to be more accurate than the IPOcean Warming June 25th, 2011 See especially his Figure Forcing Feedback Diffusion Model Explains Weak Warming in 0 - 700 m layer as Consistent with Low Climate Sensitivity His model appears to be more accurate than the IPCC's.