Sentences with phrase «in effector memory»

However, it is this small proportion of virus that hides in the effector memory T - cells and stops the immune system from fully destroying the virus and eliminating it from the body.

«Previously it was thought that HIV was hiding primarily in central memory T - cells, but our new HIV genetic sequencing test has revealed that the majority of replication - competent virus is actually hiding in effector memory T - cells.

We suspect that this «junk» HIV can act as a decoy and draw attention away from the «real» virus hiding in the effector memory T - cells,» she said.

Not exact matches

Different clonal memory cell populations had different B cell or macrophage helper compositions that matched effector cell populations generated much earlier in the response.

Effector memory T - cells are the cells in the body that «remember» previous infections and how to defeat them.

Single - cell differential gene expression analysis revealed a spectrum of known transcripts, including several linked to cytotoxic and costimulatory function that are expressed at higher levels in the TEMRA (effector memory T cells expressing CD45RA) subset, which is highly enriched for CD4 - CTLs, compared with CD4 + T cells in the central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM) subsets.

In many cases the damage is caused by a particular group of immune cells called effector memory T - cells.

A recent paper in the experimental biology publication The FASEB Journal describes how peptides found in hookworms inhibit the proliferation of effector memory T cells, which, unlike regulatory T cells, can actually trigger inflammation.

These findings suggested that exhausted T cells are a distinct lineage of T cells in and of themselves instead of just being effector or memory T cells restrained by checkpoint pathways.

The phenotype of NP cells generated ex vivo (Figure S8) closely resembles that of central memory CD4 + T cells found in vivo, which persist for years in secondary lymphoid organs and can differentiate into effector memory CD4 + T cells [45].

Relative importance of rotavirus - specific effector and memory B cell responses in protection against challenge.

Pagès F, Berger A, Camus M, Sanchez - Cabo F, Costes A, Molidor R, Mlecnik B, Kirilovsky A, Nilsson M, Damotte D, Meatchi T, Bruneval P, Cugenc P - H, Trajanoski Z, Fridman W - H, Galon J. Effector memory T cells, early metastasis, and survival in colorectal cancer.

Whereas acute CD8 + T cell effector responses are enhanced in DGKζ - deficient mice postinfection with intracellular pathogens, persistent memory formation is impaired, most dramatically when both DGKζ and DGKα, the other isoform of DGK that metabolizes DAG downstream of the TCR in T cells, are deleted (35, 36).

DKO mice, however, have a decreased percentage of memory precursor cells and an increase in short - lived effector cells compared with WT mice.

Although similar numbers of total splenic gp33 - LCMV — specific T cells were observed between genotypes (Fig. 5B), the distribution of gp33 - LCMV — specific CD8 + T cell effector and memory subsets were altered, such that there was a significantly lower percentage of short - term effector T cells and reciprocal changes in memory precursor cells among gp33 - specifc CD8 + T cells in WT relative to DKO mice (Fig. 5C), with a trend in changes in absolute cell numbers, consistent with temporal data from peripheral blood (Fig. 5A).

Consistent with prior reports on effector cells (35), we observed that, among CD8 + T cells specific for the dominant epitope of LCMV (GP33), the percentages of short - lived effector cells (KLRG1 + CD127 −) were increased, and the percentages of memory precursor cells (KLRG1 + CD127 +) were decreased in the peripheral blood of DGKζ − / −, Cbl - b − / −, and DKO mice relative to WT mice after acute infection (Fig. 5A).

These data indicate that enhanced TCR signaling resulting either from deletion of DGKζ or Cbl - b results in skewed effector versus memory development postinfection with LCMV.

Initial studies demonstrated that ligation of 4 - 1BB on T cells could deliver costimulatory signals resulting in either increased proliferation or enhanced cytokine secretion and also control clonal expansion and differentiation of effector and memory T cells.

Huynh, T.N., Santini, E., and Klann, E. (2014) Requirment of mammaliant target of rapamycin complex 1 downstream effectors in cued fear memory reconsolidation and its persistence.