Cobalt is both easier to engineer and less expensive than metals currently used
in electrolyzers.
The first half is done
in an electrolyzer, which splits a water molecule into hydrogen and oxygen, and the second half in a fuel cell, which puts them back together.
Not exact matches
According to John Turner, a research fellow at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory
in Golden, Colo., who was not involved
in the research, the discovery could reduce the need for platinum
in a conventional
electrolyzer.
A downside of fuel cells, however, is that they have a capital cost
in the thousands of dollars per kilowatt of capacity, and the round - trip efficiency through the
electrolyzer to the fuel cell and then back into current is less than 50 percent — meaning that for every two kilowatt - hours put
in the bank, only one comes back out again.
Oxygen electrochemistry plays a key role
in renewable energy technologies such as fuel cells and
electrolyzers, but the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limit the performance and commercialization of such devices.
Fuel Cells Electricity from any source, such as solar, wind and even coal, can be used to break up water molecules into their hydrogen and oxygen components
in a device called an
electrolyzer.
The scenarios focused on 10 to 20 years
in the future, when battery and fuel cell vehicles are expected to be
in much wider use, and when solar power and
electrolyzers are cost competitive with the electric grid.
The test bed at NREL allows for modeling these systems and controllers
in a simulated environment first and then testing with actual
electrolyzer hardware and grid models.
Production capacity will be upgraded
in 2016 to 5 kg per hour with the installation of a 250 kW PEM
electrolyzer stack.
Rashkeev, S., and Glazoff, M., «Control of Oxygen Delamination
in Solid Oxide
Electrolyzer Cells via Modifying Operational Regime,» Applied Physics Letters, Vol.
NREL has demonstrated this capability
in a joint project with Idaho National Lab (INL) where a remote grid model running at INL controlled the 120kW PEM
electrolyzer at NREL based on grid conditions.
Co-funded between the DOE Fuel Cell Technologies Office and NREL, the modular
electrolyzer stack test bed (with full variable power control) coupled with hydrogen compression, storage and refueling station and (future) bio-methanation project make it unlike any system
in the world.
«Evaluation of proton - conducting membranes for use
in a sulfur dioxide depolarized
electrolyzer.»
Power hardware -
in - the - loop (PHIL) allows for high fidelity testing by simulating the unfeasible components (utility grid) with a model while simultaneously operating hardware (
electrolyzer) that feeds data to the model.
Production of fuel cells,
electrolyzers and hydrogen storage tanks with lower cost and higher efficiency will be enabled by the work
in Research Area 2 (lead by SINTEF).
That may be changing, well, actually, since global warming is being down played and the economy sucks, it will take longer, but cheap solar panels (nanosolar) and relatively cheap hydrogen fuel cells (Ballard power package handling units
in production) with small to medium scale
electrolyzers are pretty close even with not so great hydrogen storage options.
The system consists of two polymer electrolyte membrane
electrolyzers in... Read more →
This technology could be revived, with more modern and cheaper
electrolyzers, and the advent of methane cracking and small modular reactors would eventually allow ammonia production anywhere
in the world.