Sentences with phrase «in electron state»

In order to study abnormalities in electron state changes, the scientists applied a strong vertical magnetic field and then bombarded the system with microwave photons.

Diamond stores qubits in the electron states of impurities in its carbon crystal lattice.

Not exact matches

At Oakley, Jannard had thrown himself into the creative engineering process, enlisting technologies such as liquid laser prototyping and electron - beam gun - vapor deposition in his quest to make state - of - the - art sunglasses.

To replicate that success, in 2013 the state launched Nano Utica, a public - private partnership in which six initial private manufacturers — Advanced Nanotechnology Solutions, Sematech, Atotech, IBM, Lam Research and Tokyo Electron — have invested $ 1.5 billion.

Von Neumann says that as a result of this interaction with the electron, the atom is left in a certain state.

It would appear that we do not have two different kinds of causation but two ways of speaking about a process, dependent on the speaker's perspective on a particular stage of the event - succession Supposing we are contemporaneous with an electron, we look at its present state in relation to its past, and we say «efficient causation»; if we look at its present state in relation to its future, we say «final causation.»

However, if we look at the present state of the electron, we see that its future state is determined by the present event in which it is situated.

So when people say oh, it's a miracle», it really means every electron's quantum state in the entire universe is changed, and it would be gazillions of miracles, UNLESS there really is only one electron.

In order to forestall objections to his social - organic theory, Hartshorne states that an electron or some similar ultimate particle may still be an organism even though it has no parts.

In the case of an animal, the mental states enter into the plan of the total organism and thus modify the plans of the successive subordinate organisms until the ultimate smallest organisms, such as electrons, are reached.

Due to the high temperatures and intense radiation present, these atoms initially existed in an «ionized» state: The negatively charged electrons had been stripped from positively charged protons, leaving behind positive hydrogen ions (essentially, just protons).

Each hydrogen atom, made up of just a single proton and electron, can be found in two slightly different states: a higher energy state in which the electron and proton essentially spin in the same direction, and a lower energy state in which they spin in opposite directions.

When one of these excited electrons falls back to its original state it emits a photon, which in turn stimulates another electron to emit a photon, and so on.

As the EPR experiment pointed out, according to quantum theory, if two particles — electrons, for example — are initially vibrating in unison (a state called coherence), they can remain in wavelike synchronization even if they are separated by a large distance.

Gradually, the possible existing states of the photons became more limited as the measuring continued, until finally all the electrons were being affected in the same way.

In contrast, electrons that did cross into adjacent layers took more than 10 times longer to return to their ground energy state.

In this Perspective, Wolf and Ertl discuss results by Kliewer et al. (page 1399) and Petek et al. (page 1402), which illustrate the fundamental insights into the microscopic characteristics of electron dynamics at surfaces that can be obtained by state - of - the - art high spatial and temporal resolution studies.

But in a technique called adiabatic quantum computing, researchers cool metal circuits into a superconducting state in which electrons flow freely, resulting in qubits.

«Ionization» refers to the removal of an electron from an atom; the «re» is there because the protons and neutrons were in an uncoupled state even earlier in the universe's history.

«Borophene is metallic in its typical state, with strong electron - phonon coupling to support possible superconductivity, and a rich band structure that contains Dirac cones, as in graphene,» Yakobson said.

The recent study, which was produced primarily through a research partnership between the University of Arkansas, Missouri State University and the University of Antwerp in Belgium, consisted of high - resolution transmission electron microscopy combined with scanning tunneling microscopy and state - of - the - art computational molecular dynaState University and the University of Antwerp in Belgium, consisted of high - resolution transmission electron microscopy combined with scanning tunneling microscopy and state - of - the - art computational molecular dynastate - of - the - art computational molecular dynamics.

Moreover, we discovered that electrons placed in such states can amplify light.

«In reality, you can not watch these electrons changing state on such a fast time scale.

«The electron does naturally oscillate in the field of the laser, but if the laser intensity changes these oscillations also change, and this forces the electron to constantly change its energy level and thus its state, even leaving the atom.

Since the 1980s, many experiments have tried to confirm the hypothesis advanced by the theorist Walter Henneberger: an electron can be placed in a dual state that is neither free nor bound.

(Photons, like electrons, can exist in only one of two states; polarization, in this case, functions just like spin as far as Bell - type correlations are concerned.)

For half a century, the Mermin - Wagner theorem has addressed this question by stating that if 2 - D materials lack magnetic anisotropy, a directional alignment of electron spins in the material, there may be no magnetic order.

Solid - state systems, such as those in computers and communication devices, use electrons; their electronic signaling and power are controlled by field - effect transistors.

«Researchers have placed an electron in a dual state — neither freed nor bound — thus confirming a hypothesis from the 1970s.»

One sent these electrons into a fuzzy quantum state, in which the spin of each electron had a 50 - 50 chance of being either up or down.

The Weyl semimetal state is induced when the opposing motions of the electrons cause the Dirac cones to split in two (illustrated on the left by outward facing electrons, opposite the inward facing electrons on the right).

When the two cones break the time reversal symmetry, they induce a Weyl semimetal state in which the electrons lose mass.

So the variation in the distribution of electrons at different depths of an insulator reveals what kind of radiation it was exposed to, explains coauthor Robert Hayes, a nuclear engineer at North Carolina State University in Raleigh.

«But when the laser hits the electron in a quantum system, it creates many possible spin states, and that greater range of possibilities forms the basis for more complex computing.»

A team led by Latha Venkataraman, professor of applied physics and chemistry at Columbia Engineering and Xavier Roy, assistant professor of chemistry (Arts & Sciences), published a study today in Nature Nanotechnology that is the first to reproducibly demonstrate current blockade — the ability to switch a device from the insulating to the conducting state where charge is added and removed one electron at a time — using atomically precise molecular clusters at room temperature.

By contrast, when graphene was coupled to superconducting PCCO in the Cambridge - led experiment, the results suggested that the electron pairs within graphene were in a p - wave state.

Because a laser works by forcing electrons to jump between energy states, better confinement translates to a more efficient laser — one that fits in your living room instead of a physics lab.

In this quantum Hall state, particles of light mimic the orbital action of electrons in more standard experiments that involve powerful magnetic fields and ultra-cold conditions of near absolute zero (minus 459.6 degrees FahrenheitIn this quantum Hall state, particles of light mimic the orbital action of electrons in more standard experiments that involve powerful magnetic fields and ultra-cold conditions of near absolute zero (minus 459.6 degrees Fahrenheitin more standard experiments that involve powerful magnetic fields and ultra-cold conditions of near absolute zero (minus 459.6 degrees Fahrenheit).

When a molecule absorbs a photon — the fundamental particle of light — electrons in the molecular system are promoted from a low - energy (ground) state to a higher - energy (excited) state.

In the 1 July issue of Physical Review B, materials scientists Harsh Deep Chopra and Susan Hua of the State University of New York, Buffalo, report passing electrons through a cluster of magnetic atoms that bridge two magnetic wires.

Electrons, atoms, and molecules are so small that their gravity, and hence the amount of energy needed to keep them in duplicate states, is negligible.

They then exposed the evolving quantum system to a third laser beam to try and excite the atoms into what is known as a Rydberg state — a state in which one of an atom's electrons is excited to a very high energy compared with the rest of the atom's electrons.

Dawson is an expert on the interactions of lasers with plasma, the high - energy state of matter in which electrons are no longer bound in atoms, but move around independently of the positive ions they leave behind.

There is a curious contrast between the need for analogies to help the non-specialist reader and the admitted existence of electrons in a «nonpictureable quantised state».

By understanding and using the different states achieved when an electron's spin rotates, researchers could potentially increase information storage capacity in computers, for example.

Dr. Hiroki Mashiko, a NTT scientist of the team, said, «We contrived the robust pump - probe system with an extremely short isolated attosecond pulse, which led to the observation of the fastest electron oscillation in solid - state material in recorded history.

And to achieve this, it is essential to accurately analyze and measure electrons (bonding electrons) that indicate the state of elements present in the surface and interface layers.

Lithium batteries can't survive immersion, and saltwater corrodes electronics, but forensics experts can tease apart microchips and, if necessary, use scanning electron microscopes to probe the data stored in components like solid state memory chips.

You and Bob also share a pair of electrons — you have one, Bob has the other — and they're in an entangled state such that if yours is spinning up, his is spinning down, and conversely.

«Unraveling the complex, intertwined electron phases in a superconductor: Scientists may have discovered a link between key components of the «electron density wave» state and the pseudogap phase in a high - temperature superconductor.»