Sentences with phrase «in emissions ranged»

For the year 1990, when these estimates are included in total CO2 emissions, the percentage reductions in emissions ranged from 1 to 81 percent, and for Australia and the United Kingdom, the emissions added 24 and 3 percent, respectively.

The fact that each of the scenario families covers a substantial part of the literature range also leads to an overlap in the emissions ranges of the four families.

Not exact matches

It modeled the implications for the company of a requirement for emissions to decline to levels consistent with a so - called «2 °C world» after 2030 and also looked at a number of alternative scenarios based on divergent ranges in global growth and trade, geopolitics, technological innovation and responses to climate change.

If we put a price on those emissions of $ 50 - 200 per tonne, reflecting some recent estimates of the external costs of carbon emissions, we get a range of $ 4 - 20 billion in environmental costs just from GHG emissions.

It collaborates with Domtar, the Rainforest Alliance, Staples and Columbia Forest Products on the Southeast Sustainable Forestry Project to help spread sustainable management among family - owned forests in the Southeastern U.S. And it pursues a wide range of internal sustainability goals, including developing a 100 percent sustainable certified sustainable paper supply, and steeply cutting its emissions.

$ 100 million is available in transportation funding to support a range of community improvements such as historic preservation and projects that reduce congestion & gas emissions.

This sucker could transform lives in so many ways it's not even funny: besides charging economy - altering cellphones and giving children the ability to study after dark, it can help in areas ranging from health (the kerosene lamps currently typically used for night - time lighting are terrible on the lungs) to economics (kerosene can suck up 25 - 30 % of a family budget) to global warming (kerosene = carbon emissions).

The United States has already undertaken substantial policy action to reduce its emissions, taking the necessary steps to place us on a path to achieve the 2020 target of reducing emissions in the range of 17 percent below the 2005 level in 2020.

Although the future trajectory of dichloromethane is uncertain, without any regulations on emissions, it is likely concentrations will fall somewhere in between the ranges presented here.

In three separate indoor UV chambers, Benca exposed the dwarf pines to 7.5, 10 and 13 times Berkeley's normal UV - B intensity, in line with estimates of the impact Siberian Trap eruptions would have had on the ozone layer if their emissions occurred over various lengths of time, ranging from 400,000 years to less than 200,000 yearIn three separate indoor UV chambers, Benca exposed the dwarf pines to 7.5, 10 and 13 times Berkeley's normal UV - B intensity, in line with estimates of the impact Siberian Trap eruptions would have had on the ozone layer if their emissions occurred over various lengths of time, ranging from 400,000 years to less than 200,000 yearin line with estimates of the impact Siberian Trap eruptions would have had on the ozone layer if their emissions occurred over various lengths of time, ranging from 400,000 years to less than 200,000 years.

The best estimates of the increase in global temperatures range from 1.8 to 4.0 degrees C for the various emission scenarios, with higher emissions leading to higher temperatures.

According to Bill Hare, founder and CEO of Climate Analytics, which oversees the Climate Action Tracker to monitor countries» measures, all of the INDCs released so far, which account for about a third of global emissions, are in what he calls the «medium» ambition range.

In 2008, they drew on data covering 1980 to 2006 to argue that there had been «declining intensities of impact, from energy use and carbon emission to food consumption and fertiliser use, globally and in countries ranging from the US and France to China, India, Brazil and Indonesia» (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol 105, p 12774In 2008, they drew on data covering 1980 to 2006 to argue that there had been «declining intensities of impact, from energy use and carbon emission to food consumption and fertiliser use, globally and in countries ranging from the US and France to China, India, Brazil and Indonesia» (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol 105, p 12774in countries ranging from the US and France to China, India, Brazil and Indonesia» (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol 105, p 12774).

The estimates of the rise in sea level during the 21st century range from about 30 to 40 centimeters, again depending on emissions.

Three approaches were used to evaluate the outstanding «carbon budget» (the total amount of CO2 emissions compatible with a given global average warming) for 1.5 °C: re-assessing the evidence provided by complex Earth System Models, new experiments with an intermediate - complexity model, and evaluating the implications of current ranges of uncertainty in climate system properties using a simple model.

Images from Cassini's ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (UVIS), obtained from an unusually close range of about six Saturn radii, provided a look at the changing patterns of faint emissions on scales of a few hundred miles (kilometers) and tied the changes in the auroras to the fluctuating wind of charged particles blowing off the sun and flowing past Saturn.

And while Obama called the 18 December deal he brokered an «unprecedented breakthrough» in getting developing countries to agree for the first time to voluntary reductions in greenhouse - gas emissions, he knew that it was missing major components that supporters had sought, ranging from mandatory mitigation targets to deforestation.

And when US President Donald Trump announced he would withdraw the United States from the Paris Climate Agreement earlier this year, a range of US cities and states pledged to act on their own version of «Think globally, act locally,» by cutting local and regional carbon emissions in keeping with the goals of the Paris deal.

«Poultry and pork cause rather low emissions, in a range equivalent to 10 to 30 kilos of carbon dioxide per kilo of protein, while beef cause 200 kilos per kilo protein.

The consequences of the three other scenarios, which range as high as total carbon emissions of 5,120 billion tons, are substantially greater and should be considered «increasingly likely» given contemporary growth in carbon emissions, according to the report.

«The atmosphere's heat emissions make the sky bright in the infrared range.»

Current cost estimates for sending the gas deep underground are in the range of tens of dollars per metric ton of CO2, so sequestering one gigaton (Gt) a year — roughly one sixth of U.S. emissions — would cost tens of billions of dollars annually.

«This is worrisome given that the temperature in the study region is predicted to rise by as much as 2 degrees by midcentury under the range of plausible greenhouse gas emissions scenarios,» said Avery Cohn, aassistant professor of environment and resource policy at Tufts, who led the work while he was a visiting researcher at Brown.

In the new paper, published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, Höglund - Isaksson estimated global methane emissions from oil and gas systems in over 100 countries over a 32 - year period, using a variety of country - specific data ranging from reported volumes of associated gas to satellite imagery that can show flaring, as well as atmospheric measurements of ethane, a gas which is released along with methane and easier to link more directly to oil and gas activitieIn the new paper, published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, Höglund - Isaksson estimated global methane emissions from oil and gas systems in over 100 countries over a 32 - year period, using a variety of country - specific data ranging from reported volumes of associated gas to satellite imagery that can show flaring, as well as atmospheric measurements of ethane, a gas which is released along with methane and easier to link more directly to oil and gas activitiein the journal Environmental Research Letters, Höglund - Isaksson estimated global methane emissions from oil and gas systems in over 100 countries over a 32 - year period, using a variety of country - specific data ranging from reported volumes of associated gas to satellite imagery that can show flaring, as well as atmospheric measurements of ethane, a gas which is released along with methane and easier to link more directly to oil and gas activitiein over 100 countries over a 32 - year period, using a variety of country - specific data ranging from reported volumes of associated gas to satellite imagery that can show flaring, as well as atmospheric measurements of ethane, a gas which is released along with methane and easier to link more directly to oil and gas activities.

«Given that the average capacity of the registered projects and those in the validation pipeline are in the range of 2,000 - 3,000 [megawatts], resulting in a large amount of emission reductions per project activity, extra caution should be given to ensure that the baseline emissions are estimated in a transparent and conservative manner,» the panel says in its recommendation to the Executive Board.

Organizers, delegates and a wide range of other participants — some 10,000 people are expected to attend — are still holding out hope for the establishment of an ambitious, legally binding global emissions reduction agreement to take effect beginning in 2012.

To understand the possible link between beta - amyloid accumulation and sleep, the researchers used positron emission tomography (PET) to scan the brains of 20 healthy subjects, ranging in age from 22 to 72, after a night of rested sleep and after sleep deprivation (being awake for about 31 hours).

Prices have fluctuated since trading began, but CERs have historically traded in a range between $ 10 to $ 14 per metric ton of CO2 - equivalent emissions reductions.

In the case of unchecked emissions, «we are going to be seeing climates that certainly are completely outside the range of modern human experience,» Jackson says.

After all, standards set in California — the eighth - largest economy in the world on its own — are often adopted at the federal level, ranging from emission standards for vehicles to efficiency settings for appliances.

By using simulations that were created by running the same model multiple times, with only tiny differences in the initial starting conditions, the scientists could examine the range of summertime temperatures we might expect in the future for the «business - as - usual» and reduced - emissions scenarios.

In a wide - ranging action plan to cut emissions over the next two years, China's cabinet, the State Council, said the country had already fallen behind in its pollution targets over the 2011 - 2013 period and was now having to step up its effortIn a wide - ranging action plan to cut emissions over the next two years, China's cabinet, the State Council, said the country had already fallen behind in its pollution targets over the 2011 - 2013 period and was now having to step up its effortin its pollution targets over the 2011 - 2013 period and was now having to step up its efforts.

Our bodies naturally release heat, in part, through emission of mid-infrared radiation in the 7 - to 14 - µm wavelength range.

They found that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions increased the risk of the once - a-century wet January in 2014 by 43 % (uncertainty range: 0 - 160 %).

The What We Know report further states that «according to the IPCC, given the current pathway for carbon emissions the high end of the «likely» range for the expected increase in global temperature is about 8 ˚ F by the end of the century.

Projections of Future Changes in Climate «For the next two decades, a warming of about 0.2 °C per decade is projected for a range of SRES emission scenarios.

On the high end, recent work suggests that 4 feet is plausible.23, 3,6,7,8 In the context of risk - based analysis, some decision makers may wish to use a wider range of scenarios, from 8 inches to 6.6 feet by 2100.10,2 In particular, the high end of these scenarios may be useful for decision makers with a low tolerance for risk (see Figure 2.26 on global sea level rise).10, 2 Although scientists can not yet assign likelihood to any particular scenario, in general, higher emissions scenarios that lead to more warming would be expected to lead to higher amounts of sea level risIn the context of risk - based analysis, some decision makers may wish to use a wider range of scenarios, from 8 inches to 6.6 feet by 2100.10,2 In particular, the high end of these scenarios may be useful for decision makers with a low tolerance for risk (see Figure 2.26 on global sea level rise).10, 2 Although scientists can not yet assign likelihood to any particular scenario, in general, higher emissions scenarios that lead to more warming would be expected to lead to higher amounts of sea level risIn particular, the high end of these scenarios may be useful for decision makers with a low tolerance for risk (see Figure 2.26 on global sea level rise).10, 2 Although scientists can not yet assign likelihood to any particular scenario, in general, higher emissions scenarios that lead to more warming would be expected to lead to higher amounts of sea level risin general, higher emissions scenarios that lead to more warming would be expected to lead to higher amounts of sea level rise.

Illuminating the cell with a laser results in the emission of photons with a wavelength in the infrared spectrum range.

To probe how stars of all masses develop over their lifespan, their emissions in the range from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR) are particularly important.

I merely dispute that carbon emissions will decrease enough to avoid something in the «severe» range in the next century.

limit of ~ 500 GtC fossil fuel emissions and 100 GtC storage in the biosphere and soil would keep climate close to the Holocene range to which humanity and other species are adapted.

The colors in the image represent a range of emissions coming from the clouds... Read more

Researchers from the US and China have determined that a duckweed biorefinery producing a range of gasoline, diesel and kerosene products can be economically competitive with petroleum - based processes, even in some cases without environmental legislation that penalizes greenhouse gas emissions.

Periods of volcanism can cool the climate (as with the 1991 Pinatubo eruption), methane emissions from increased biological activity can warm the climate, and slight changes in solar output and orbital variations can all have climate effects which are much shorter in duration than the ice age cycles, ranging from less than a decade to a thousand years in duration (the Younger Dryas).

Our analyses focused on projecting the possible range of temperature and precipitation amounts in Montana, under our chosen greenhouse gas emission scenarios.

Temperatures in this range could be reached in this century if emissions are not reduced.

Recently, we have established the cross-correlation of infrared absorption and fluorescence emission changes to observe long range coupling of conformational changes and domain movements in rhodopsin.

Due to different emission processes coherent radiation in the radio frequency range is emitted by the air shower which primarily originates from its well - understood electromagnetic part.

Although the emission frequency of the more distant objects becomes lower due to the expansion of the universe, the ALMA Telescope is designed to receive millimeter waves in a frequency range lower than submillimeter waves observed this time, which means this identification method can be applied to objects even 10 billion light years away and will be a competent observation method in the ALMA Era when there will be a dramatic advancement in the research of distant galaxies.

The dataset was bound to show a wide range of emission rates given regional differences in regulations and other factors, he said.