Sentences with phrase «in entorhinal»

Finally, Morgan Barense will report that the impoverished representations of visual objects that are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease are associated with abnormal viewing patterns related to volumetric reductions in entorhinal cortex.

It is closely affiliated with the university's Centre for the Biology of Memory (CBM), where scientists in 2005 discovered «grid cells» — neurons in the entorhinal cortex that fire in patterns related to an animal's specific location.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis was used to examine the detailed localization of beta - amyloid (42)(A beta 42), a major component of amyloid plaques, in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of AD brains.

Treatment of aged, transgenic huAPP / PS1 mice with J147 significantly increased the amount of phosphorylated CREB in the entorhinal cortex of these mice (Figure 3H) but not in the hippocampus (data not shown).

Our latest research suggests that difficulties with the task may be related to a loss of grid cells in the entorhinal cortex.»

The geometric grid patterns in the entorhinal cortex may be the mechanism by which perception of place and direction is encoded in the hippocampus.

«If, as our data suggest, tau pathology starts in the entorhinal cortex and emanates from there, the most effective approach may be to treat Alzheimer's the way we treat cancer — through early detection and treatment, before it has a chance to spread,» said Dr. Small.

The prize is for discovering «the brain's navigation system»: place cells, cells in the hippocampus which are active whenever a rat is in a particular place, and grid cells, cells in the entorhinal cortex which are active when the animal is at multiple locations in a grid pattern.

To look further into this issue, the CUMC researchers developed a novel transgenic mouse in which the gene for abnormal human tau is expressed predominantly in the entorhinal cortex.

The theta rhythm (3 to 8 Hz) is a large EEG potential recorded from the hippocampus in rodents and humans29, 37 and is thought to aid formation of memories.37 It has been suggested that resetting of the phase of the theta rhythm improves memory performance by allowing the best possible encoding of novel stimuli.38 Stimulation of the perforant pathway in rodents induces resetting of the theta phase and produces favorable conditions for long - term potentiation.9, 39 In four subjects in our study who had contacts implanted in the entorhinal region and ipsilateral hippocampus, we observed theta - phase resetting in the hippocampus during stimulation of the entorhinal region.

At least one contact of each electrode in the entorhinal region was within the alvear bundle, which includes the perforant pathway.

The Mosers hypothesize that the cells in the entorhinal cortex may have special properties that allow the disease to develop there early — a puzzle that they hope scientists elsewhere can start solving.

The Mosers also found that the different cells in the entorhinal cortex generate grids of many different types, like overlapping honeycombs — big, small and in every orientation and position relative to the box's border.

Scientists do not yet know how the grid is generated by the neural networks in the entorhinal cortex, or how the overall map created by grid cells, place cells and other navigation cells is integrated to help animals to get from one place to the next.

As with animals, they were mostly found in the entorhinal cortex, responsible for navigation and memory, and the cingulate cortex, involved in learning.

Our studies help us to understand how the nerve cells in the entorhinal cortex operate and how electrical activities might get interrupted in this area of the brain.»

«Immediately after the rat is exposed to the smell there is a burst in activity of 20 Hz waves in a specific connection between an area in the entorhinal cortex, lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC), and an area in the hippocampus, distal CA1 (dCA1), while a similar strong response was not observed in other connections,» Igarashi explains.

We now need to investigate the effect in more complex navigational tasks, but I would expect the differences in entorhinal activity to have a larger impact on more complex tasks.

Precise positional modulation was not observed more ventromedially in the entorhinal cortex or upstream in the postrhinal cortex, suggesting that sensory input is transformed into durable allocentric spatial representations internally in the dorsocaudal medial entorhinal cortex.

Some people's electrodes were in the entorhinal cortex's gray matter, and some were in its white matter fibers, which extend to the hippocampus, an area known for its role in memory.

When the firing rate increases, activity in the entorhinal cortex increases too.

Not exact matches

Advancements in intracranial stimulation of the entorhinal area for enhancement of episodic memory.

A groundbreaking study by Suthana and colleagues, published in 2012 the New England Journal of Medicine, found that people performed better on a memory task if their entorhinal cortex — a brain hub for memory and navigation — was given a low jolt of electricity during the task.

Theta - burst microstimulation in the human entorhinal area improves memory specificity.

A rat's position in space can be represented in the medial entorhinal cortex in addition to the neighboring hippocampus, the area previously thought to be the only locus of spatial information.

Close to the postrhinal - entorhinal border, entorhinal neurons had stable and discrete multipeaked place fields, predicting the rat's location as accurately as place cells in the hippocampus.

Rats have cells in their brains» entorhinal cortex that appear to generate an internal grid of triangles, and which fire as the animals navigate around a space.

As the interface between hippocampus and neocortex, the entorhinal cortex is likely to play a pivotal role in memory.

To determine how information is represented in this area, we measured spatial modulation of neural activity in layers of medial entorhinal cortex projecting to the hippocampus.

«In the case of Alzheimer's disease, one of the first cell types affected by the pathology is one that we've observed to play a leading role in the development of the entorhinal - hippocampal network.&raquIn the case of Alzheimer's disease, one of the first cell types affected by the pathology is one that we've observed to play a leading role in the development of the entorhinal - hippocampal network.&raquin the development of the entorhinal - hippocampal network.»

«Our results suggest that aerobic exercise may have a positive effect on the medial temporal lobe memory system (which includes the entorhinal cortex) in healthy young adults.

Because of the strong association between hippocampal cell growth and exercise in models, previous work on exercise and the brain has not focused on the entorhinal cortex, despite its critical role in learning and memory until now.

In contrast, the researchers did not find age - related differences in another area of the brain connected to memory, the posteromedial entorhinal corteIn contrast, the researchers did not find age - related differences in another area of the brain connected to memory, the posteromedial entorhinal cortein another area of the brain connected to memory, the posteromedial entorhinal cortex.

The project builds off past work demonstrating memory strengthening by stimulating the brain's entorhinal region, the gateway to long - term memory storage in the hippocampus.

They found that it was linked to a loss of signaling in a part of the brain called the anterolateral entorhinal cortex.

The latest research reveals that the part of the brain that signals which direction you are facing, called the entorhinal region, is also used to signal the direction in which you need to travel to reach your destination.

The entorhinal region is one of the first parts of the brain affected by Alzheimer's disease, so the findings may also help to explain why people start to get lost in the early stages of the disease.

In order to see what happened inside the brain during acquisition, 16 electrode pairs were inserted in the hippocampus and in different areas of the entorhinal corteIn order to see what happened inside the brain during acquisition, 16 electrode pairs were inserted in the hippocampus and in different areas of the entorhinal cortein the hippocampus and in different areas of the entorhinal cortein different areas of the entorhinal cortex.

To search for such cells, the Mosers and their team delved into the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), a slim arc of deep brain tissue where they had discovered the grid cells in 2005.

«This is why we are investigating in animal models how the nerve cells within the entorhinal cortex are connected with each other.»

The blockage of the nerve signals is weaker in certain parts of the entorhinal cortex and stronger in others.

The gradual refinement of the spatial representation is accompanied by an increase in network synchrony among entorhinal stellate cells.

«It's what would be expected based on the physiological characteristics of that area of the brain,» which is known as the entorhinal cortex and is the first brain region to break down in Alzheimer's disease.

Langston et al. (p. 1576) and Wills et al. (p. 1573) investigated the early development of spatial activity in the hippocampal formation and the entorhinal cortex of rat pups when they first began to explore their environment.

These results imply a dual mechanism for pattern separation in which signals from the entorhinal cortex can be decorrelated both by changes in coincidence patterns in the dentate gyrus and by recruitment of nonoverlapping cell assemblies in CA3.

The entorhinal cortex is the first structure in the brain to be affected by Alzheimer's disease, and getting or feeling lost is one of the disease's first symptoms.

Border cells are relatively sparse, making up less than 10 % of the local cell population, but can be found in all layers of the medial entorhinal cortex as well as the adjacent parasubiculum, often intermingled with head - direction cells and grid cells.

Neither entorhinal nor hippocampal stimulation significantly affected reaction - time performance on the guided navigation control task or the perceptual store - matching task (Fig. 3 in the Supplementary Appendix).

Entorhinal stimulation also resulted in a resetting of the phase of the theta rhythm, as shown on the hippocampal electroencephalogram.

To determine whether phase resetting occurred in the hippocampus after stimulation of the entorhinal region, waveforms for 5 - second periods before and during each stimulation train were averaged separately for each trial.