The study compared the main different ways of diagnosing C - Diff, including the two «gold - standard» methods: a cytotoxin assay, which looks for the presence of C - Diff toxin
in faecal samples; and cytotoxigenic culture, which looks to see if there are bugs present
in faecal samples that could possibly produce C - Diff toxin.
The findings mean that tests which detect the presence of toxin
in faecal samples (the cytotoxin assay) are the most reliable indicators of true C - Diff.
Not exact matches
However, if served
in baby bottles, a high frequency (31 per cent of 74
samples) were contaminated with
faecal germs, most of them with colony counts of 10,000 or more per millilitre.
The virus was found when Bas Dutilh of Radboud University Medical Center
in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, and colleagues were trawling through data from
faecal samples collected for a 2010 study looking at the microbial gut communities of twins.
When the team looked for it
in data from the Human Microbiome Project, a large - scale project to sequence the DNA of all the microbes that live
in and on our bodies, they found that it was present
in 73 per cent of all 466
faecal samples.
When the researchers expanded their search to include all the data from the Human Microbiome Project, a large - scale project to sequence the DNA of all the microbes that live
in and on our bodies, they found that the same virus was present
in 73 per cent of all 466 human
faecal samples.
And we more or less get this additional information for free because the vampire bat's DNA is found
in the DNA that we extract from blood meal and
faecal samples,» says Kristine Bohmann, who adds:
But Rita Colwell of Johns Hopkins University
in Baltimore, Maryland, and colleagues report this week that of
faecal samples taken from 81 people
in November 2010, 17 had a different V. cholerae that does not make the deadly toxin made by the El Tor strain.
The multi-centre study, carried out by researchers at the University of Leeds,
in partnership with colleagues from the University of Oxford, University College London and St George's, University of London, tested more than 12,000
faecal samples from hospital patients to establish the best method for diagnosing C - Diff.
The researchers measured the stress levels of the animals by analysing the stress hormone metabolites (glucocorticoid metabolites GCM)
in the collected
faecal samples.
The scientist Prof. Rupert Palme of the Institute of Medical Biochemistry at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, was responsible for the biochemical analysis of the
faecal samples in the study.
The team used genetic information collected on field from tiger
faecal samples, to understand how landscape features — like roads and agriculture — impact tiger movement
in Central India, a global high priority tiger conservation landscape.
In addition, they collected
faecal samples of the tamarins that contained seeds.
This information allows the source of the
sample to be determined, even
in complex cases
in which the
faecal pollution is very diluted or deteriorated,» Blanch highlights.
«Using this data, the software determines the relevant indicators, which when analysed
in water
samples with an unknown source of
faecal pollution, would allow its source to be determined,» he adds.
Faecal samples revealed that ipilimumab caused a decrease
in two types of bacteria, Bacteroidales and Burkholderiales,
in the gut.