Sentences with phrase «in flavivirus»

The result — the first complete structure of a virus in the flavivirus family — reveals a layered, soccer - ball - like shape lacking the spiky projections characteristic of many human viruses, the researchers report in the 8 March issue of Cell.

«This novel assay has the potential to become an effective, simple and low - cost solution for Zika surveillance programs, prevalence studies and clinical intervention trials in flavivirus - endemic areas.»

According to the researchers, this latest work may now open new possibilities for intervention in flavivirus infection.

WRAIR is moving forward with the purified inactivated virus (PIV) vaccine, called ZPIV, because it builds on «a type of vaccine that has been licensed before,» said Col. Stephen Thomas, an infectious disease Army physician and a vaccinologist specializing in flaviviruses, and the WRAIR Zika program lead.

Not exact matches

The new study tests the effects of four other viruses: the two flaviviruses and two alphaviruses, chikungunya and Mayaro, which also have led to outbreaks in Zika - affected areas.

In general, examining the potential effects of other flaviviruses on pregnant women and their developing fetuses is difficult, because outbreaks have been sporadic and less widespread than with Zika.

The research, published and featured in the Spot Light section of the December edition of the Journal of Virology, examines a previously unknown connection between flaviviruses — a classification of viruses that include West Nile virus, Dengue virus and tick - borne encephalitis virus — and organelles (a specialized subunit within a cell) known as peroxisomes that help coordinate the body's immune responses.

The researchers think it likely that other viruses may also target peroxisomes in a similar manner to flaviviruses.

Data used in the model consisted of information about the traits of flaviviruses — the family that includes Zika, yellow fever and dengue — and all the mosquito species that have ever been associated with them.

The scientists suggest that flavivirus helicases could have evolved a conserved motor to convert chemical energy from nucleoside triphosphate to mechanical energy to unwind their genetic material, but the motors of the flaviviruses move in distinct ways to access their genomic RNA.

Furthermore, the defects observed are specific to an infection by ZIKV, as other neurotropical viruses of the flavivirus family (West Nile virus, yellow fever,...) did not cause microcephaly, in contrast to Zika virus.

«In addition, this platform can be used to develop safe vaccine candidates for other flaviviruses such as Zika virus, where pregnant women are the target group for vaccination.»

The trial conducted at the WRAIR Clinical Trial Center in Silver Spring, Md., is assessing the impact of pre-existing flavivirus immunity in volunteers who had been vaccinated against yellow fever or Japanese encephalitis — both viral cousins to Zika — prior to receiving ZPIV.

Jingmenviruses were first described in 2014 and are related to flaviviruses — a large family of viruses that includes human pathogens such as yellow fever, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses.

Further, current serologic tests often can't distinguish between related flavivirus infections in dengue - endemic regions.

The structure of mature Zika virus is similar to other flaviviruses, except in the region of a potential cell attachment site.

The structure is mainly similar to that of other flaviviruses such as dengue virus; however, there are differences in a region that may be involved in binding to host receptors.

The structure of Zika virus is similar to other known flavivirus structures, except for the ~ 10 amino acids that surround the Asn154 glycosylation site in each of the 180 envelope glycoproteins that make up the icosahedral shell.

«We worked on the dengue virus 20 years ago, and when Zika popped up in the news, we knew immediately that the two mosquito - borne viruses were related members of the flavivirus family,» Robert Linhardt, Ph.D., says.

It notes some of the critical scientific questions regarding Zika that deserve further exploration, including: whether certain viral mutations occurred to facilitate its geographical spread; if different species of Aedes mosquitoes are capable of transmitting Zika and what that may mean for future transmission; what is apparently unique to Zika compared to other more well - known flaviviruses, such as dengue, that can explain why it can cause congenital infections, neurological conditions and encephalitis, transmit sexually and persist for long periods of time in multiple parts of the human body; and whether preexisting immunity to other related flaviviruses may impact Zika exposure and infection.

By analyzing the affected animals, the scientists isolated an aggressive new flavivirus, a class of viruses that includes yellow and dengue fevers — the first flavivirus ever identified in ducks.

In addition to potentially devastating Chinese duck farming and the economy that depends on it, the flavivirus could put humans at risk.

Gao and colleagues say the BYD virus is closely related to the Tembusu virus, a flavivirus found in Southeast Asia.

Powassan virus and the closely related deer tick virus are the only flaviviruses known to be spread by ticks in North America.

As of 30 November, more than 1200 cases had been reported in 10 states, all of which have also reported Zika virus infections, says Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, head of the flavivirus laboratory at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

«Prior dengue or yellow fever exposure does not worsen Zika infection in monkeys: Findings counter some concerns that prior flavivirus disease primes immune system to enhance Zika infection.»

The assay was implemented in five countries and tested using a large number of clinical samples from travelers and patients living in areas with a high level of exposure to Zika virus and other flaviviruses.

He conducted one of three monkey studies last year — two are on the internet but none has been published — that failed to find ADE in animals infected first with dengue or yellow fever (another flavivirus) and then Zika.

Thus, in vitro enhancement assays lacked the ability to predict flavivirus disease severity in the rhesus macaque model.

«These results support that the antibody - based assay that we have developed is highly effective in detecting both recent and past Zika virus infections and in discriminating Zika from other flavivirus infections,» said Davide Corti, senior vice president and chief scientific officer of Humabs BioMed.

All the viruses except the yellow fever vaccine offered protection: Hamsters pre-exposed to another flavivirus held the West Nile virus in check and survived, whereas those in a control group got sick and about half died after 10 days.

But experts are still uncertain which member of the flavivirus family is to blame; they are investigating the West Nile virus, endemic in Africa, and the Kunjin virus of Australia and Southeast Asia.

It's the first time scientists have seen such rearrangement in the core of a flavivirus, the group that also includes the viruses that cause dengue, West Nile and yellow fever, says virologist Richard Kuhn of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind..

* Update, 8 February, 3:26 p.m.: At a White House press conference today to discuss the budget request, Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in Bethesda, Maryland, noted that NIH currently spends about $ 100 million per year on research into dengue, yellow fever, and other closely related viruses to Zika, which are all flaviviruses.

A flavivirus like the newly prominent Zika virus, Dengue has become a leading cause of serious illness and death in some Asian and Latin American countries.

In this way, the flaviviruses clamp down on the cell's responses to thwart infection, including deploying antiviral proteins.

The viruses» genetic similarity makes it possible to substitute a gene in one flavivirus's genome with the equivalent gene from another, creating a functional but nonpathogenic virus called a chimera.

A near - atomic level map of Zika virus shows its structure to be largely similar to that of dengue virus and other flaviviruses, but with a notable difference in one key surface protein, report scientists funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health.

The difference visualized by the researchers is in a region of the E glycoprotein that flaviviruses may use to attach to some human cells.

«The Army was able to move so quickly in developing, manufacturing and testing a Zika vaccine because of its extensive experience with this vaccine platform and long standing investments in the understanding and mitigation of flaviviruses, like yellow fever, dating back to the founding of WRAIR,» said Dr. Kayvon Modjarrad, Zika program co-lead and associate director for Emerging Infectious Disease Threats at WRAIR's MHRP.

Given the concerns for immune enhancement with other similar flaviviruses, like yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis, ZPIV will be tested in some volunteers who will first be vaccinated against one of these other flaviviruses.

Shannon entropy analysis of the NS5 polymerase mature protein revealed that a G374E mutation, in a region that contributes to interferon resistance in other flaviviruses by interfering with JAK - STAT signaling was present in both the Asian and American sequences from the 2007 - 2008 Venezuelan outbreak, but was absent in the sequences from the 2001 Venezuelan outbreak.

Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito borne flavivirus is a pathogen affecting humans in Asia and Africa.

The assay was shown to detect 37 ZIKV isolates covering a wide geographic in Africa and Asia over 36 years but none of the 31 other flaviviruses tested showing high analytical specificity.

Further, a newly emerging African flavivirus, Bagaza virus [18], both causes human illness [4], [19] and infects birds in Africa [20], [21].

However this is the first report of flavivirus infection in ducks with a severe outcome and the future implications of such findings should be heeded.

Collectively our systematic studies fulfill Koch's postulates, and therefore, the causative agent of the duck egg drop syndrome occurring in China is a new flavivirus.

The current test suffers from cross-reactivity and a lack of precision in areas where DENV or other flaviviruses may coexist.

This new research tool (Figure 2) allows for the rapid analysis of biological specimens (serum, plasma, CSF, etc.) for high - throughput discovery of biomarkers that may be able to discriminate between these two very similar flaviviruses in a larger window after initial infection than currently possible.

The flavivirus genome, approximately 10.5 kb in size, encodes three structural proteins [capsid (C), membrane (PrM and M) and envelope (E)-RSB- and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5) in one open reading frame with subsequent cleavage [9].