Not exact matches
Global simulations conducted by the team found that microbial responses to enhanced root activity under rising CO2, while depending on plant species, climate and soil mineralogy, led to a loss of global soil carbon stocks that counteracted the additional carbon storage resulting from increased plant growth in many regions of the
Global simulations conducted by the team found that microbial responses to enhanced root activity under rising CO2, while depending on plant species,
climate and soil mineralogy, led to a loss of
global soil carbon stocks that counteracted the additional carbon storage resulting from increased plant growth in many regions of the
global soil carbon stocks that counteracted the additional carbon storage resulting from increased plant growth
in many regions of the world.
Academic: includes lectures by international leaders
in the different fields of science diplomacy (energy, environment,
climate, water,
global health, nuclear nonproliferation, space, etc.), exclusive online learning tools, interactive case studies, and experiential learning through role - playing exercises and
simulations.
Unfortunately, current
simulation models, which combine
global climate models with aerosol transport models, consistently underestimate the amount of these aerosols
in the Arctic compared to actual measurements during the spring and winter seasons, making it difficult to accurately assess the impact of these substances on the
climate.
The study, led by the Berlin - based think - tank
Global Climate Forum (GCF) and involving the University of Southampton, presents, for the first time, comprehensive global simulation results on future flood damages to buildings and infrastructure in coastal flood p
Global Climate Forum (GCF) and involving the University of Southampton, presents, for the first time, comprehensive
global simulation results on future flood damages to buildings and infrastructure in coastal flood p
global simulation results on future flood damages to buildings and infrastructure
in coastal flood plains.
Simulations by Cristina Archer at the University of Delaware
in Newark and Ken Caldeira of Stanford University
in California suggest that extracting enough energy from high - level winds to meet all our current energy demands would have no significant impact on
global climate.
Because ocean currents play a major role
in transporting the planet's heat and carbon, the ECCO
simulations are being used to understand the ocean's influence on
global climate and the melting of ice
in polar regions.
The model is designed so that they can embed it within coarser
global climate models — a combination that results
in precise
simulations of hurricanes
in the context of a globally changing
climate.
An international group of atmospheric chemists and physicist could now have solved another piece
in the
climate puzzle by means of laboratory experiments and
global model
simulations.
To investigate cloud —
climate feedbacks
in iRAM, the authors ran several
global warming scenarios with boundary conditions appropriate for late twenty - first - century conditions (specifically, warming signals based on IPCC AR4 SRES A1B
simulations).
In addition, the PNNL - MMF is much more computationally feasible for running multi-year
climate simulations than a
global CRM.
Using thus 10 different
climate models and over 10,000
simulations for the weather@home experiments alone, they find that breaking the previous record for maximum mean October temperatures
in Australia is at least six times more likely due to
global warming.
(Top left)
Global annual mean radiative influences (W m — 2) of LGM
climate change agents, generally feedbacks
in glacial - interglacial cycles, but also specified
in most Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM)
simulations for the LGM.
Scaife, A.A., et al., 2000: Realistic quasi-biennial oscillations
in a
simulation of the
global climate.
Scientists are using airborne observations of atmospheric trace gases, aerosols, and cloud properties from the North Slopes of Alaska to improve their understanding of
global climate, with the goal of reducing the uncertainty
in global and regional
climate simulations and projections.
The Institute will spur significant advances
in software infrastructure, education, standards, and best - practices that are needed to enable the molecular science community to open new windows on the next generation of scientific Grand Challenges, ranging from the
simulation of intrinsically disordered proteins associated with a range of diseases to the design of new catalysts vital to the
global chemical industry and
climate change.
M2009 use a simplified carbon cycle and
climate model to make a large ensemble of
simulations in which principal uncertainties
in the carbon cycle, radiative forcings, and
climate response are allowed to vary, thus yielding a probability distribution for
global warming as a function of time throughout the 21st century.
It is a permanent part of the German Max Planck Instituut's
climate system model, which is used for
global climate change
simulations in the IPCC reports and elsewhere.
Working with Tom Chase, a colleague at the institute, the researchers were comparing
climate simulations from the Community Land Model — part of a select group of global models used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's 2007 climate change report — against observ
climate simulations from the Community Land Model — part of a select group of
global models used
in the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change's 2007 climate change report — against observ
Climate Change's 2007
climate change report — against observ
climate change report — against observations.
Overall, ecosystem - driven changes
in chemistry induced
climate feedbacks that increased
global mean annual land surface temperatures by 1.4 and 2.7 K for the 2 × and 4 × CO2 Eocene
simulations, respectively, and 2.2 K for the Cretaceous (Fig. 3 E and F).
In most future
global warming
simulations with
climate models no meltwater from Greenland is included so far.
With error bars provided, we can use the PIOMAS ice volume time series as a proxy record for reality and compare it against sea - ice
simulations in global climate models.
Mike's work, like that of previous award winners, is diverse, and includes pioneering and highly cited work
in time series analysis (an elegant use of Thomson's multitaper spectral analysis approach to detect spatiotemporal oscillations
in the
climate record and methods for smoothing temporal data), decadal climate variability (the term «Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation» or «AMO» was coined by Mike in an interview with Science's Richard Kerr about a paper he had published with Tom Delworth of GFDL showing evidence in both climate model simulations and observational data for a 50 - 70 year oscillation in the climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published in Nature), in showing how changes in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO, in examining the role of solar variations in explaining the pattern of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, the relationship between the climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global sea level, and even a bit of work in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measure
climate record and methods for smoothing temporal data), decadal
climate variability (the term «Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation» or «AMO» was coined by Mike in an interview with Science's Richard Kerr about a paper he had published with Tom Delworth of GFDL showing evidence in both climate model simulations and observational data for a 50 - 70 year oscillation in the climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published in Nature), in showing how changes in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO, in examining the role of solar variations in explaining the pattern of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, the relationship between the climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global sea level, and even a bit of work in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measure
climate variability (the term «Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation» or «AMO» was coined by Mike
in an interview with Science's Richard Kerr about a paper he had published with Tom Delworth of GFDL showing evidence
in both
climate model simulations and observational data for a 50 - 70 year oscillation in the climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published in Nature), in showing how changes in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO, in examining the role of solar variations in explaining the pattern of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, the relationship between the climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global sea level, and even a bit of work in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measure
climate model
simulations and observational data for a 50 - 70 year oscillation
in the
climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published in Nature), in showing how changes in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO, in examining the role of solar variations in explaining the pattern of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, the relationship between the climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global sea level, and even a bit of work in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measure
climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel
in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role
in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published
in Nature),
in showing how changes
in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO,
in examining the role of solar variations
in explaining the pattern of the Medieval
Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, the relationship between the climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global sea level, and even a bit of work in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measure
Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, the relationship between the
climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global sea level, and even a bit of work in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measure
climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and
global sea level, and even a bit of work
in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measurements).
Gerald A. Meehl, Haiyan Teng & Julie M. Arblaster, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307, USA (http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v4/n10/full/nclimate2357.html): «The slowdown
in the rate of
global warming
in the early 2000's is not evident
in the multi-modal ensemble average of traditional
climate change projection
simulations.»
Even putting aside the OHC data and fingerprinting, there is absolutely no evidence
in model
simulations (or
in prevailing reconstructions of the Holocene), that an unforced
climate would exhibit half - century timescale
global temperature swings of order ~ 1 C. I don't see a good theoretical reason why this should be the case, but since Judith lives on «planet observations» it should be a pause for thought.
In a recent paper by Bengtsson & Hodges (2006), simulations with the ECHAM5 Global Climate Model (GCM) were analysed, but they found no increase in the number of mid-latitude storms world - wid
In a recent paper by Bengtsson & Hodges (2006),
simulations with the ECHAM5
Global Climate Model (GCM) were analysed, but they found no increase
in the number of mid-latitude storms world - wid
in the number of mid-latitude storms world - wide.
Second, the absolute value of the
global mean temperature
in a free - running coupled
climate model is an emergent property of the
simulation.
Meanwhile, modeling results
in this area don't lead to definitive conclusions; as the recent WMO statement puts it, «Although recent
climate model
simulations project a decrease or no change
in global tropical cyclone numbers
in a warmer
climate there is low confidence
in this projection.
In this case the CO2 concentration is instantaneously quadrupled and kept constant for 150 years of simulation, and both equilibrium climate sensitivity and RF are diagnosed from a linear fit of perturbations in global mean surface temperature to the instantaneous radiative imbalance at the TO
In this case the CO2 concentration is instantaneously quadrupled and kept constant for 150 years of
simulation, and both equilibrium
climate sensitivity and RF are diagnosed from a linear fit of perturbations
in global mean surface temperature to the instantaneous radiative imbalance at the TO
in global mean surface temperature to the instantaneous radiative imbalance at the TOA.
The team ran a suite of 400 computer
simulations incorporating both what is known about how the
climate could react to a greenhouse - gas buildup and a wide range of variations
in the
global economy and other human factors that might affect the outcome.
The study, by British and American scientists, found that the observed peaks
in extreme rain events are about twice as high as what
global climate simulations produce.
Kosaka and Xie made
global climate simulations in which they inserted specified observed Pacific Ocean temperatures; they found that the model simulated well the observed
global warming slowdown or «hiatus,» although this experiment does not identify the cause of Pacific Ocean temperature trends.
Member of the team Alena Kimbrough says, «We've shown ENSO is an important part of the
climate system that has influenced
global temperatures and rainfall over the past millennium... Our findings, together with
climate model
simulations, highlight the likelihood that century - scale variations
in tropical Pacific
climate modes can significantly modulate radiatively forced shifts
in global temperature.»
The same
simulations found that — were the world to achieve the 1.5 °C
global warming limit which 195 nations agreed upon at the Paris
climate summit
in 2015 — then the Mediterranean region would experience only 3.2 months of drought.
Due to the important role of ozone
in driving temperature changes
in the stratosphere as well as radiative forcing of surface
climate, several different groups have provided databases characterizing the time - varying concentrations of this key gas that can be used to force
global climate change
simulations (particularly for those models that do not calculate ozone from photochemical principles).
Anderson, J.L., et al., 2004: The new GFDL
global atmosphere and land model AM2 / LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST
simulations, J.
Climate,
in press.
A recent meta - analysis published
in the journal Nature
Climate Change, by Challinor et al. (2014) examines 1,722 crop model simulations, run using global climate model output under several emissions scenarios, to evaluate the potential effects of climate change and adaptation on crop
Climate Change, by Challinor et al. (2014) examines 1,722 crop model
simulations, run using
global climate model output under several emissions scenarios, to evaluate the potential effects of climate change and adaptation on crop
climate model output under several emissions scenarios, to evaluate the potential effects of
climate change and adaptation on crop
climate change and adaptation on crop yield.
Large - eddy
simulation (LES) of clouds can help resolve one of the most important and challenging question
in climate dynamics, namely, how subtropical low clouds respond to
global warming.
Hence it seems that the large coupled
global climate model
simulations are given the predominant weighting
in the assessment.
The IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR) was published
in 2001, and included more complex
global climate models and more overall model
simulations than
in the previous IPCC reports.
As shown
in Figure 2, the IPCC FAR ran
simulations using models with
climate sensitivities (the total amount of
global surface warming
in response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2, including amplifying and dampening feedbacks) correspoding to 1.5 °C (low), 2.5 °C (best), and 4.5 °C (high).
That this signal is not seen
in climate model
simulations may partially explain the models» inability to simulate the current stagnation
in global surface temperatures.
In other words, these are 3D
global simulations from which globally averaged TOA fluxes and temperatures are determined, which are then used to determine the
climate sensitivity.
Changes
in tracer distribution
in the troposphere and stratosphere are calculated from a control and doubled CO2
climate simulation run with the Goddard Institute for Space Studies Global Climate Middle Atmosphere
climate simulation run with the Goddard Institute for Space Studies
Global Climate Middle Atmosphere
Climate Middle Atmosphere Model.
Climate sensitivity is defined
in terms of
global averages (there is only one number) but a GCM is fully time - dependent, three - dimensional
simulation that typically includes atmospheric and ocean processes.
I'm puzzled by your assignment of only a 30 percent probability to the proposition that «
Global climate model
simulations that include anthropogenic forcing (greenhouse gases and pollution aerosol) provide better agreement with historical observations
in the second half of the 20th century than do
simulations with only natural forcing (solar and volcanoes).»
Global climate model
simulations that include anthropogenic forcing (greenhouse gases and pollution aerosol) provide better agreement with historical observations
in the second half of the 20th century than do
simulations with only natural forcing (solar and volcanoes).
Here we show that accounting for recent cooling
in the eastern equatorial Pacific reconciles
climate simulations and observations.We present a novel method of uncovering mechanisms for
global temperature change by prescribing,
in addition to radiative forcing, the observed history of sea surface temperature over the central to eastern tropical Pacific
in a
climate model.
Research report: Extreme Weather Events and Crop Price Spikes
in a Changing
Climate: Illustrative
global simulation scenarios
IPCC relied on
climate models (CMIP5), the hypotheses under test if you will, to exclude natural variability: «Observed
Global Mean Surface Temperature anomalies... lie well outside the range of
Global Mean Surface Temperature anomalies
in CMIP5
simulations with natural forcing only, but are consistent with the ensemble of CMIP5
simulations including both anthropogenic and natural forcing...» (Ref.: Working Group I contribution to fifth assessment report by IPCC.
Type 2 dynamic downscaling refers to regional weather (or
climate)
simulations in which the regional model's initial atmospheric conditions are forgotten (i.e., the predictions do not depend on the specific initial conditions), but results still depend on the lateral boundary conditions from a
global numerical weather prediction where initial observed atmospheric conditions are not yet forgotten, or are from a
global reanalysis.