RE # 80, Steve, the trend
in global ocean temperatures would be unaffected by Lyman et al's «Recent cooling of the upper oceans» even if it was correct, and a correction doesn't change that either.
sfp, What number of Argo devices do you think will be needed to measure variations
in global ocean temperatures of under 0.1 deg C, or any other relevant temperature?
The immediate cause is clear: the ongoing rise
in global ocean temperatures that comes from climate change.
The role of ENSO
in global ocean temperature changes during 1955 - 2011 simulated with a 1D climate model.
Not exact matches
Evidence from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) shows that
global sea levels
in the last two decades are rising dramatically as surface
temperatures warm
oceans and...
The Tibetan Plateau
in China experiences the strongest monsoon system on Earth, with powerful winds — and accompanying intense rains
in the summer months — caused by a complex system of
global air circulation patterns and differences
in surface
temperatures between land and
oceans.
Climate scientists find the last glacial period interesting because ice cores
in Greenland and
ocean sediment cores have shown that during this period there were sharp shifts
in global temperatures.
Despite slower
temperature shifts
in ocean waters,
ocean life from plankton to fish have begun moving
in response to
global warming
Curtis Deutsch, associate professor at the University of Washington's School of Oceanography, studies how increasing
global temperatures are altering the levels of dissolved oxygen
in the world's
oceans.
There are three main time scales to consider when it comes to warming: annual
temperature variation from factors like warming
in the Pacific
Ocean during El Niño years, decadal
temperature swings and long - term
temperature increases from
global warming.
But climate models predict reductions
in dissolved oxygen
in all
oceans as average
global air and sea
temperatures rise, and this may be the main driver of what is happening there, she says.
In addition to the Asia heat wave, those events were the record global heat in 2016 and the growth and persistence of a large swath of high ocean temperatures, nicknamed «the Blob,» in the Bering Sea off the coast of Alask
In addition to the Asia heat wave, those events were the record
global heat
in 2016 and the growth and persistence of a large swath of high ocean temperatures, nicknamed «the Blob,» in the Bering Sea off the coast of Alask
in 2016 and the growth and persistence of a large swath of high
ocean temperatures, nicknamed «the Blob,»
in the Bering Sea off the coast of Alask
in the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska.
The other
global flu pandemics over the past century —
in 1957, 1968 and 2009 — also followed cooler sea surface
temperatures in the Pacific
Ocean.
The resulting outburst of methane produced effects similar to those predicted by current models of
global climate change: a sudden, extreme rise
in temperatures, combined with acidification of the
oceans.
However,
in the 2013 Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), the IPCC concluded that «Modelling indicates that SRM methods, if realizable, have the potential to substantially offset a
global temperature rise, but they would also modify the
global water cycle, and would not reduce
ocean acidification.»
The ability of the
oceans to take up carbon dioxide can not keep up with the rising levels of greenhouse gases
in the atmosphere, which means carbon dioxide and
global temperatures will continue to increase unless humans cut their carbon dioxide emissions.
One of the biggest lingering issues
in the
global warming slowdown is the full impact of the natural
temperature cycles of Earth's
oceans.
Indeed, scientists at Scripps recently suggested that 1,800 - year cycles of
ocean tides could drive a natural rise
in global temperatures.
Rising
global temperatures portend shifts
in all these
ocean currents, potentially with drastic consequences, says Albert Gabric, an environmental scientist at Griffith University
in Brisbane.
As
global temperature rises, most of the extra heat
in the atmosphere — about 90 percent — sinks into the
ocean.
Global warming is also contributing to the rising
ocean temperatures on the whole, but «the warming of the
ocean alone is not sufficient to explain what we see,» said Eric Rignot, a glacier expert at the University of California, Irvine,
in an emailed comment on the new study.
«Many impacts respond directly to changes
in global temperature, regardless of the sensitivity of the planet to human emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases,» says geoscientist Katharine Hayhoe of Texas Tech University
in Lubbock, a co-author of the report, excluding effects such as
ocean acidification and CO2 as a fertilizer for plants.
Their findings, based on output from four
global climate models of varying
ocean and atmospheric resolution, indicate that
ocean temperature in the U.S. Northeast Shelf is projected to warm twice as fast as previously projected and almost three times faster than the
global average.
«Our research indicates that as
global warming continues, parts of East Antarctica will also be affected by these wind - induced changes
in ocean currents and
temperatures,» Dr Jourdain said.
«When we included projected Antarctic wind shifts
in a detailed
global ocean model, we found water up to 4 °C warmer than current
temperatures rose up to meet the base of the Antarctic ice shelves,» said lead author Dr Paul Spence from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (ARCCSS).
As
temperatures increase with
global warming, more icebergs disintegrate
in the
ocean, creating a noisier environment
The team's research shows that
in addition to contributions from natural forcings and
global warming,
temperature differences between the Atlantic and Pacific
oceans play a role
in causing drought and increasing wildfire risks.
«By prescribing the effects of human - made climate change and observed
global ocean temperatures, our model can reproduce the observed shifts
in weather patterns and wildfire occurrences.»
This new research shows that
in addition to a discernible contribution from natural forcings and human - induced
global warming, the large - scale difference between Atlantic and Pacific
ocean temperatures plays a fundamental role
in causing droughts, and enhancing wildfire risks.
«Atlantic / Pacific
ocean temperature difference fuels US wildfires: New study shows that difference
in water
temperature between the Pacific and the Atlantic
oceans together with
global warming impact the risk of drought and wildfire
in southwestern North America.»
According to NOAA, the
global average
ocean temperature for the first half of the year is 1.42 °F (0.79 °C) above the 20th century average, the largest such departure
in 137 years of records.
«The range of pH and
temperature that some organisms experience on a daily basis exceeds the changes we expect to see
in the
global ocean by the end of the century,» notes Rivest, an assistant professor at VIMS.
Average
global land and
ocean temperatures have climbed at a rate of 0.2 °C per decade since 1976, according to data compiled by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)
in Asheville, North Carolina, and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
in Geneva, Switzerland.
Phenomena such as El Niño or La Niña, which warm or cool the tropical Pacific
Ocean, can contribute to short - term variations
in global average
temperature.
A detailed, long - term
ocean temperature record derived from corals on Christmas Island
in Kiribati and other islands
in the tropical Pacific shows that the extreme warmth of recent El Niño events reflects not just the natural
ocean - atmosphere cycle but a new factor:
global warming caused by human activity.
So the report notes that the current «pause»
in new
global average
temperature records since 1998 — a year that saw the second strongest El Nino on record and shattered warming records — does not reflect the long - term trend and may be explained by the
oceans absorbing the majority of the extra heat trapped by greenhouse gases as well as the cooling contributions of volcanic eruptions.
In addition,
global sea level can fluctuate due to climate patterns such as El Niños and La Niñas (the opposing phases of the El Niño Southern Oscillation, or ENSO) which influence
ocean temperature and
global precipitation patterns.
Scientists have discovered that rising
ocean temperatures slow the development of baby fish around the equator, raising concerns about the impact of
global warming on fish and fisheries
in the tropics.
The average August
temperature for the
global oceans was record high for the month, at 0.65 °C (1.17 °F) above the 20th century average, beating the previous record set
in 2005 by 0.08 °C (0.14 °F).
It's the
ocean «These small
global temperature increases of the last 25 years and over the last century are likely natural changes that the globe has seen many times
in the past.
This curve represents the portion of
global temperature that is not accounted for by the two main
ocean oscillations, of respective periods 56 years and 75 years, and the CO2 blanket that Tyndall and Arrhenius wrote about
in the 19th century.
The reason could be linked to rising sea surface
temperatures — fueled
in part by
global warming — as seen
in ocean buoy data collected along the U.S. coast.
The observed and projected rates of increase
in freshwater runoff could potentially disrupt
ocean circulation if
global temperatures rise by 3 to 4 °C over this century as forecast by the IPCC 2001 report.
Shifts
in internal
temperature variability, measured through SST variance and skewness, are also occurring and contribute to much of the MHW trends observed over the remainder of the
global ocean, particularly for MHW duration and intensity.
Global mean
temperatures averaged over land and
ocean surfaces, from three different estimates, each of which has been independently adjusted for various homogeneity issues, are consistent within uncertainty estimates over the period 1901 to 2005 and show similar rates of increase
in recent decades.
While centennial increases
in ocean surface
temperatures have been extensively reported35, 36,
global trends
in ocean temperature extremes remain largely unexplored.
The
oceans are heating up: Not only was Earth's
temperature record warm
in 2014, but so were the
global oceans, as sea surface
temperatures and the heat of the upper
oceans also hit record highs.
This all - time monthly record was broken
in August 2015 (+0.78 °C / +1.40 °F), then broken again
in September (+0.83 °C / +1.49 °F), and then broken once more
in October (0.86 °C / 1.55 °F)-- making three all - time new monthly high
global ocean temperature records set
in a single calendar year.
For as much as atmospheric
temperatures are rising, the amount of energy being absorbed by the planet is even more striking when one looks into the deep
oceans and the change
in the
global heat content (Figure 4).
To remove this difference
in magnitude and focus instead on the patterns of change, the authors scaled the vertical profiles of
ocean temperature (area - weighted with respect to each vertical
ocean layer) with the
global surface air
temperature trend of each period.