But exercise stress testing is inappropriate for diagnosis
in hemodialysis patients who have multiple complications including muscle weakness, osteoporosis and peripheral arterial disease.»
He showed that chronic hepatitis B infections were endemic among
patients in hemodialysis units, while staff members
who became infected developed acute hepatitis.
Copper deficiency may occur
in preterm infants, infants fed with cow's milk formula, chronic alcoholics, individuals with cystic fibrosis, Crohn's or celiac disease or other small intestinal disorder affecting absorption of copper, gastric bypass (bariatric surgery for weight loss)[3], kidney
patients on
hemodialysis, those
who take zinc supplements or a metal binder penicillamine and
in individuals with hereditary disorders of copper metabolism [1].