A rise in mean
temperature in high latitudes should increase the duration of the growing period and the productivity of these regions if light and nutrient conditions remain constant.
Another element left out of the comparison of temperature change by latitude is that there is much less global
area in the higher latitudes than in the lower latitudes.
Thus, if impacted, evidence on the impact of climate
change in high latitudes should tell us, with a high certainty, much about the consequence and the magnitude of global warming.
This relationship is handy if you
live in high latitudes and are a mammal that needs to retain as much warmth as possible.
The other reason is that temperature changes are more
dramatic in high latitudes than the global average, especially high northern latitudes.
International research partnerships are important because of the expense required to
operate in the high latitudes; sharing the responsibility helps countries undertake more scientific projects than they could on their own.
It will be much
greater in the higher latitudes than in the equatorial regions, greater over land than over oceans, and greater in continental interiors than in coastal regions.
2) The IPCC impacts report speaks of rising precipitation
in higher latitudes for at least half a century, while near - tropical areas grow dry.
It has been recognized for some time that model simulations result in much greater
warming in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere than in the South, due to ocean heat uptake by the Southern Ocean.
If solar activity is a primary forcing, but «geometry and albedo effects would reduce the effects of solar activity nearer the poles,» as Robert writes, then why are temperatures rising comparatively
higher in high latitudes than near the equator?
Logic says stations
in higher latitudes with cooling trends could result in greater ice cover with a resultant increase in Earth's albedo and if continued long enough could snuff out any warming trend.
Climate model simulations for the 21st century are consistent in projecting precipitation
increases in high latitudes (very likely) and parts of the tropics, and decreases in some subtropical and lower mid-latitude regions (likely).
The open water areas
in the highest latitudes at the date of the minimum in September had only recently formed and there was little input of solar radiation so far north.
Permafrost is permanently frozen soil — soil that remains at or below 0 °C for at least two consecutive years — and occurs
mostly in high latitudes.
It is likely that large rapid decadal temperature changes occurred during the last glacial and its deglaciation (between about 100,000 and 10,000 years ago),
particularly in high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.
We recently reported on a possible negative carbon feedback of forest
soils in higher latitudes: when such soils warm, nutrient availability may increase, as would (therefore) biomass production and CO2 uptake.
The Arctic Ocean may be a special case, because of the shallower stability zone due to the colder water column, and because warming is expected to be more
intense in high latitudes.
in response to the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide, the excess of precipitation over evaporation increases, and surface salinity is reduced
in high latitudes as noted in section 8.
Second, the indication of the changes of the Walker ITCZ circulation may be an associative indication of a strong northward movement of the normal ITCZ hydrologic cycle and the saturated adiabatic latent heat release of the tropical water
vapor in the higher latitudes.
They also estimated how long it would take before the deep return
current in the high latitudes would cease if the freshening continued at more or less the same rate, and arrived at an estimate around 100 - 200 years.