Sentences with phrase «in human cells called»

While working with Jung at Harvard, she identified a novel molecular mechanism through which a protein in human cells called RIG - I mediates defense against viruses.

Not exact matches

But in the lab, when the scientists manipulated human cells to be able to create the water bear shielding protein — called Dsup — they showed about half the DNA damage as normal cells.

Hoping to learn something about how the human body defends itself against cancer, he had zeroed in on a complex regiment of lymphocytes called T cells, common to the immune systems in both mouse and man.

Evidence of the fact that union differentiates is to be seen all round us — in the bodies of all higher forms of life, in which the cells become almost infinitely complicated according to the variety of tasks they have to perform; in animal associations, where the individual «polymerises» itself, one might say, according to the function it is called upon to fulfil; in human societies, where the growth of specialization becomes ever more intense; and in the field of personal relationships, where friends and lovers can only discover all that is in their minds and hearts by communicating them to one another.

Examples are 9/11 hijackings, The holding back of stem cell research that could save countless human lives, Aids being spread due to religious opposition to the use of condoms, Christians legally fighting this year to teach over 1 million young girls in America that they must always be obedient to men, the eroding of child protection laws in America by Christians, for so called faith based healing alternatives that place children's health and safety at risk, burning of witches, the crusades, The Nazi belief that the Aryans were god's chosen to rule the world, etc... But who cares about evidence in the real world when we have our imaginations and delusions about gods with no evidence of them existing.

The building block electronic and protonic actual occasions are, in the case of human beings, swept into vastly more complex, Chinese box - like sets of containing societies within which there are social levels that can be identified with cells, others which answer to Aristotle's levels of tissues and organs, and which finally are presided over by what Whitehead refers to as the regnant nexus, a social thread of complex temporal inheritance which, Whitehead suggests, wanders from part to part of the brain, is the seat of conscious direction of the organism as a whole, and answers to what in Plato and Aristotle is called the soul.

Capsaicin only inflames human cells because heat - detecting proteins in our nerve endings called TRPV1 receptors become activated in the chemical's presence, mistakenly interpreting capsaicin as a sign of extreme heat, and sending the body's burn defenses into overdrive.

Scientists at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center say they have preliminary evidence in laboratory - grown, human airway cells that a condensed form of cigarette smoke triggers so - called «epigenetic» changes in the cells consistent with the earliest steps toward lung cancer development.

This study built on previous research from the Sundrud lab, which showed that when TH17 cells entered the intestine in human tissue samples, they increased the expression of a gene called MDR1.

Introducing human prostate cancer cell lines into mice, Wu and his colleagues saw a particular enzyme called MAOA activate a cascade of signals that made it easier for tumor cells to invade and grow in bone.

Shukla and colleagues discovered that a small drug molecule called BX795, which is sold to labs for use in experiments, helped clear HSV - 1 infection in cultured human corneal cells, in donated human corneas, and in the corneas of mice infected with HSV - 1.

The main cog in the human biological clock is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a group of nerve cells in a region at the base of the brain called the hypothalamus.

BRAIN CANDY A new database offers a deep look at living human nerve cells, revealing elaborate branching structures and myriad shapes, such as in this neuron called a pyramidal cell (cell image, left and 3 - D computer reconstruction, right).

In humans, Huntington's is an inherited disease caused by a gene encoding a toxic protein, called mutant huntingtin, which causes brain cells to die.

Some scientists study cells, called primary human trophoblasts, that are isolated from placentas obtained after childbirth, but such cells do not divide, can be more difficult to obtain, and are more difficult to genetically manipulate to learn about biochemical pathways that have a role in placental function, Dr. Coyne said.

The unaltered hemagglutinin is akin to a key that unlocks a so - called receptor molecule in cells lining the upper airways of humans and other mammals.

Vamsi Mootha, a mitochondrial biologist at Massachusetts General Hospital, his graduate student Isha Jain, and their colleagues used a popular DNA - editing tool called CRISPR to knock out about 18,000 different genes in human cells that were altered to have the same problems as people with mitochondrial diseases.

Published in Molecular Neurobiology, the study led by Dr Elodie Siney under the supervision of Dr Sandrine Willaime - Morawek, Lecturer in Stem Cells and Brain Repair at the University, analysed how enzymes called ADAMs affect the movement and function of the human tumor cCells and Brain Repair at the University, analysed how enzymes called ADAMs affect the movement and function of the human tumor cellscells.

Several studies have supported a role for cancer stem cells in the aggressive brain tumors called glioblastoma, but those studies involved inducing human tumors to grow in mice, and as such their relevance to cancer in humans has been questioned.

Geron, the biotech wunderkind, last made big news in November 1998 when scientists they funded — James A. Thomson of the University of Wisconsin and John D. Gearhart of Johns Hopkins — independently isolated two sorts of so - called human pluripotent stem cells.

In humans, a comparison of bone marrow from 14 normal bone marrow donors, 35 multiple myeloma patients and 11 patients with a noncancerous condition called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) showed that Runx2 levels were significantly higher in the multiple myeloma cellIn humans, a comparison of bone marrow from 14 normal bone marrow donors, 35 multiple myeloma patients and 11 patients with a noncancerous condition called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) showed that Runx2 levels were significantly higher in the multiple myeloma cellin the multiple myeloma cells.

The human version of the cells, called region - selective pluripotent stem cells, or rsPSCs, can also grow inside a mouse, something other human stem cells can't do, says Jun Wu, a research associate involved in the work, published in May in Nature.

The team found that lithium delays aging by blocking GSK - 3 and activating another molecule called NRF - 2, which is found in worms, flies and mammals (including humans) and is important for defending cells against damage.

A company called Hematech is already breeding genetically engineered cattle (derived from cloned stem cells) that produce human antibodies to fight bacterial infections, and the animals» welfare is not compromised in any way.

Losing a genetic switch that increases production of a protein called GDF6 may have created the big toe and helped shape the human foot for bipedalism, scientists propose in a paper published online January 7 in Cell.

The UC team first reported how to use CRISPR in pieces of circular DNA called plasmids that can invade bacteria, but the Broad won a race to apply the method to human cells, which represents a potential billion - dollar marketplace for medicines.

Although that marker, called IL21, had not previously been associated with autoimmune diseases, the gene that produces it sits right in the stretch of DNA known to make these mice vulnerable to diabetes, suggesting that IL21 might make a drug target, says Sarvetnick.Furthermore, by giving the animals a shot of dead bacteria — similar to an immunization in humans — when they were newborns, Sarvetnick and her colleagues prevented a surfeit of CD4 + and CD8 + cells.

Each of these cells, called naive, pre-implantation embryonic cells, has the capacity to develop into any cell type in the human body, an ability called pluripotency.

The placebo - controlled trial in nearly 9500 women tested a gel called PRO 2000, a so - called polyanion that prevented the AIDS virus from entering human cells in test - tube and monkey studies.

By now, European astronauts had hoped to be established in their space laboratory called Columbus, where they would be melting and solidifying conductive metals, studying microgravity effects on single - celled organisms, investigating human balance disorders, and carrying out dozens of other experiments.

They then put the dishes into special chambers called bioreactors that keep them warm and in gentle motion reminiscent of a womb, encouraging the cells to form blobs with working neurons and many other features of a full - size human brain.

Another is that the transplanted bits of tumor act nothing like cancers in actual human brains, Fine and colleagues reported in 2006: Real - life glioblastomas grow and spread and resist treatment because they contain what are called tumor stem cells, but tumor stem cells don't grow well in the lab, so they don't get transplanted into those mouse brains.

In a double - barreled discovery, Brady and co-investigator Louis Cohen found that gut bacteria and human cells, though different in many ways, speak what is basically the same chemical language, based on molecules called ligandIn a double - barreled discovery, Brady and co-investigator Louis Cohen found that gut bacteria and human cells, though different in many ways, speak what is basically the same chemical language, based on molecules called ligandin many ways, speak what is basically the same chemical language, based on molecules called ligands.

In experiments in mice and human cells, researchers found that blocking CXCR4 — a so - called homing receptor protein molecule that helps T cells mature and attracts blood cells to the bone marrow — halted disease progression in bone marrow and spleen tissue within two weekIn experiments in mice and human cells, researchers found that blocking CXCR4 — a so - called homing receptor protein molecule that helps T cells mature and attracts blood cells to the bone marrow — halted disease progression in bone marrow and spleen tissue within two weekin mice and human cells, researchers found that blocking CXCR4 — a so - called homing receptor protein molecule that helps T cells mature and attracts blood cells to the bone marrow — halted disease progression in bone marrow and spleen tissue within two weekin bone marrow and spleen tissue within two weeks.

In human hair shafts, several outer layers of flattened cuticle cells surround a layer of cortical cells (making up the cortex), which surrounds the central core of cells, called the medulla.

«The novelty of this study is two-fold: We used a preclinical prevention paradigm of a CRF - antagonist (a drug that blocks the CRF receptor in brain cells) called R121919 in a well - established AD model — and we did so in a way that draws upon our experience in human trials.

The researchers then confirmed that the number of singly paired chromosomes — also called univalents — was higher in older mouse and even human egg cells, indicating that age - related segregation errors could be tracked back to increased numbers of prematurely separated chromosome pairs.

By examining cell processes both in mice and in human cells, the researchers found out why: Re-esterification helps protect a key cell organelle called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

As in human cells, these EPO molecules get «decorated» variously with sugar chains, producing a cocktail of so - called glycoforms with different three - dimensional structures.

The researchers used a technique called activity - based protein profiling, which allowed them to screen the molecule's activity against a very large group of enzymes in living human cells.

In a famous set of experiments in human subjects in 2005, neuroscientist Rodrigo Quian Quiroga found that pictures of actor Jennifer Aniston activated a single brain cell in the hippocampus region — the so - called Jennifer Aniston neuroIn a famous set of experiments in human subjects in 2005, neuroscientist Rodrigo Quian Quiroga found that pictures of actor Jennifer Aniston activated a single brain cell in the hippocampus region — the so - called Jennifer Aniston neuroin human subjects in 2005, neuroscientist Rodrigo Quian Quiroga found that pictures of actor Jennifer Aniston activated a single brain cell in the hippocampus region — the so - called Jennifer Aniston neuroin 2005, neuroscientist Rodrigo Quian Quiroga found that pictures of actor Jennifer Aniston activated a single brain cell in the hippocampus region — the so - called Jennifer Aniston neuroin the hippocampus region — the so - called Jennifer Aniston neuron.

In March the Field Museum opened a controversial new exhibit called the Evolving Planet, which takes visitors on a 4 - billion - year journey that shows life on Earth developing from single - celled organisms to dinosaurs and finally to humans.

Sabeti stresses that her team only has a «circumstantial» case about the timing of the mutation and the epidemic's explosion, but her group and an independent team that published the second study have amassed what she calls «compelling evidence» that for the first time links a mutation in the virus to a preference for human cells.

The human cells seemed to invest much more time in the phase of cell division called metaphase.

In previous studies, the same group along with others had demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) produced by eukaryotic cells and viruses are present in human blood in highly stable, cell - free forms and these so called circulating miRNAs can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of various diseases, including viral diseaseIn previous studies, the same group along with others had demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) produced by eukaryotic cells and viruses are present in human blood in highly stable, cell - free forms and these so called circulating miRNAs can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of various diseases, including viral diseasein human blood in highly stable, cell - free forms and these so called circulating miRNAs can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of various diseases, including viral diseasein highly stable, cell - free forms and these so called circulating miRNAs can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of various diseases, including viral diseases.

Once the vector is ready, the Baylor team wanted to be able to guide it to a certain part of the genome every time, so they turned to a technique called ΦC31, which was known to work in human and mouse cells.

Many scientists argue that so - called research cloning, in which cloned human embryos might be used to produce embryonic stem (ES) cells, could be a boon to medicine.

PARIS — As scientists race to finish a rough draft of the human genome, a European consortium is about to launch an effort to pinpoint every key spot in our genetic code where cells turn genes on and off by adding a molecule called a methyl group.

A new technique — called DNA Programmed Assembly of Cells — allows researchers to create arrays of thousands of custom - designed organoids, such as models of human mammary glands containing several hundred cells each, which can be built in a matter of hCells — allows researchers to create arrays of thousands of custom - designed organoids, such as models of human mammary glands containing several hundred cells each, which can be built in a matter of hcells each, which can be built in a matter of hours.

The new technique — called DNA Programmed Assembly of Cells (DPAC) and reported in the journal Nature Methods on August 31, 2015 — allows researchers to create arrays of thousands of custom - designed organoids, such as models of human mammary glands containing several hundred cells each, which can be built in a matter of hCells (DPAC) and reported in the journal Nature Methods on August 31, 2015 — allows researchers to create arrays of thousands of custom - designed organoids, such as models of human mammary glands containing several hundred cells each, which can be built in a matter of hcells each, which can be built in a matter of hours.