Sentences with phrase «in humans and chimpanzees»

A comparison of resting - state brain activity in humans and chimpanzees.

In humans and chimpanzees, however, the researchers discovered that DNA sequences in regulatory areas have accumulated nearly as many mutations as have sequences evolving at the baseline level.

Furthermore, by comparing the patterns of change in humans and chimpanzees, it was revealed that HAR - associated schizophrenia genes were under stronger evolutionary selective pressure than other schizophrenia genes.

«Such a sophisticated way of keeping your partner in check has previously only been shown in humans and chimpanzees, and is a complete novelty among birds,» ends Massen.

The effects of these deleterious mutations in humans and chimpanzees are probably either inconsequential or else they are compensated by adaptive changes elsewhere in the genome, Keightley says.

Playing is what young mammals do, and in humans and chimpanzees, laughter is the way the brain expresses the pleasure of that play.

Not exact matches

June 19, 2013 — A Cornell University study offers further proof that the divergence of humans from chimpanzees some 4 million to 6 million years ago was profoundly influenced by mutations to DNA sequences that play roles in turning genes on and off.

Research comparing human and chimpanzee genomes, published in Nature, found that there are more than 40 million differences between the two species» base pairs, which are the DNA building blocks.

Geneticist Svante Paabo told Science, in an article entitled «Relative Differences: The Myth of the 1 Percent,» «I don't think there's any way to calculate a number,» or at least a precise percentage, of differences between chimpanzees and humans.

We saw, for example, that human chromosome 2 was a fusion of two ancestral chromosomes, chromosomes that are still separate in chimpanzees, and we can even see the useless remnants of teleomeres and centromeres from the ancestral chromosomes.

In particular, humans share an unfortunate «broken gene» with many other primates, including chimpanzees, orangutans, and macaques.

For example, in one of the better chapters, entitled «Human Justice and Animal Fairness», the reader is introduced to Maasai systems of gift - giving, game theory as applied to chimpanzee behaviour, canine sensitivity to fairness, rules of play among wolves and rats, before a brief detour into Martha Nussbaum's development of Rawlsian justice theory leads us to an extended discussion of Aquinas» understanding of justice as a virtue, acquired and infused.

HIV - 2 is thought to come from the SIV in Sooty Mangabeys rather than chimpanzees, but the crossover to humans is believed to have happened in a similar way (i.e. through the butchering and consumption of monkey meat).

May 29, 2013 — Like some humans, chimpanzees and bonobos exhibit emotional responses to outcomes of their decisions by pouting or throwing angry tantrums when a risk - taking strategy fails to pay off, according to research published May 29 in the open access journal PLOS ONE by Alexandra Rosati from Yale University and Brian Hare from Duke University.

Although I've lived quite extensively in South America and seen first - hand the political corruption there so I have no problem believing that political corruption is a universal problem (probably having something to do with politicians being humans as opposed to being chimpanzees).

But I'm not sure the comparison to «animals» is a fair one since animals do not wear clothes nor are human babies as instinctual and as self sufficient as most animal babies... (I've never heard of a mother chimpanzee holding her young over a bowl to pee; --RRB- but as long as our children are cared for in a loving manner we shouldn't judge too much other parenting techniques.

She picked those non-human primates because they are the closest relatives in the animal kingdom, especially gorillas and chimpanzees, who share more than 98 % of their genes with humans.

The chimpanzee and bonobo, formerly called the «pygmy chimpanzee,» are the two species most closely related to humans in the evolutionary tree.

Psychologists who analyzed video footage of a female chimpanzee, a female bonobo and a female human infant in a study to compare different types of gestures at comparable stages of communicative development found remarkable similarities among the three species.

In a study published on Nov. 16, scientists discovered that human brains exhibit more plasticity, propensity to be modeled by the environment, than chimpanzee brains and that this may have accounted for part of human evolution.

«Human and chimpanzee genes differ very little, so one hypothesis in evolutionary genomics holds that humans and chimpanzees are so phenotypically different because of differences in the way they regulate gene expression.

«However, because SIF - seq only requires DNA sequence from a mammal and can be used in a variety of cell types, it should be possible to compare the neuronal enhancers present in a large genomic region from human to the neuronal enhancers present in the orthologous chimpanzee region.

In contrast, the findings related to brain organization were different for chimpanzees and humans.

Yet, in mouse embryos the researchers found that the human enhancer was active earlier in development and more active in general than the chimpanzee enhancer.

Duke scientists have shown that it's possible to pick out key changes in the genetic code between chimpanzees and humans and then visualize their respective contributions to early brain development by using mouse embryos.

«There are many studies in humans, and at least one in chimpanzees, showing that from an immunological perspective, juveniles and children are really important for maintaining diseases in populations through play and things like that,» she said.

The human HARE5 and the chimpanzee HARE5 sequences differ by only 16 letters in their genetic code.

The findings, appearing online Feb. 19, 2015, in Current Biology, may lend insight into not only what makes the human brain special but also why people get some diseases, such as autism and Alzheimer's disease, whereas chimpanzees don't.

Producing a short list of strong candidates was in itself a feat, accomplished by applying the right filters to analysis of human and chimpanzee genomes, said co-author Gregory Wray, professor of biology and director of the Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology.

You have said that recent decades have seen a revolution in our relationship with animals as humans overcome cross-species barriers, achieving intimacy with humpback whales, chimpanzees, lions, mountain sheep, wolves, and many others.

The family's mutation is rare, but there have been two other mutations since the evolutionary split between humans and chimpanzees that are thought to have a hand in our superior vocal abilities.

Francys Subiaul of the George Washington University and his colleagues showed that captive chimpanzees are able to make judgments about the reputation of unfamiliar humans by observing their behaviour — whether they were generous or stingy in giving food to other humans.

In the new study, researchers mined databases of genomic data from humans and chimpanzees, to find enhancers expressed primarily in the brain tissue and early in developmenIn the new study, researchers mined databases of genomic data from humans and chimpanzees, to find enhancers expressed primarily in the brain tissue and early in developmenin the brain tissue and early in developmenin development.

Modern humans, Homo sapiens, are the latest link in a chain of ancestry that stretches back 5 to 7 million years to a common ancestor with chimpanzees and bonobos, humanity's two closest living relatives.

Humans have much higher levels of amylase in their saliva than chimpanzees, and recently it was discovered how this came about.

Hunting and deforestation have already brought chimpanzees to the brink of extinction, but «diseases such as anthrax, Ebola, or introduced human respiratory viruses may serve as the final nail in their coffin,» says disease ecologist Tom Gillespie of Emory University in Atlanta.

Many chimpanzee communities — and all known communities of bonobos, apes that are just as closely related to humans as chimps — have never been seen engaging in intertroop raids.

What the events were that occurred in the origin of the chimpanzee and human lines — before the chimpanzee - human split of 6 million years ago — can only be speculated.

There is no certain way to decide on the basis of existing knowledge whether chimpanzees and humans inherited their pattern of territorial aggression from a common ancestor or whether they evolved it independently in response to parallel pressures of natural selection and opportunities encountered in the African homeland.

Neanderthals apparently suffered from less lower back pain — and if you've got a lot of it, you might have more in common with chimpanzees than your fellow humans.

Scientists from the department of social neuroscience at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (MPI CBS) together with colleagues from the MPI for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA) explored the question at what age we develop the motivation to watch, from our perspective, a deserved punishment and if this feature also exists in our closest relatives — chimpanzees.

To test this hypothesis, an international team led by evolutionary biologist Philipp Khaitovich of the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences in China and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, set out to see how many brain - related genes implicated in schizophrenia underwent positive natural selection since humans and chimpanzees diverged from a common ancestor between 5 million and 7 million years ago.

Delgado implanted similar electrode arrays, or «stimoceivers,» in the brains of cats, monkeys, chimpanzees, and even human psychiatric patients.

The team repeatedly flashed either black or white squares for 200 milliseconds at a time on screens in front of six chimpanzees and 33 humans.

This ratio was quite high in humans but much lower in chimpanzees and orangutans, Zhang reports in the December issue of Genetics.

Adenovirus 5 has 50 or so known relatives that infect humans and so in principle could also be used as a basis for vaccines, as could one from a chimpanzee.

Additional support could come from the chimpanzee genome, which may allow researchers to clock when the genes for slow - twitch muscle fibers — crucial for running long distances and plentiful in people but not chimps — diverged in the common evolutionary history of humans and apes.

ramidus to images of gorilla, chimpanzee, and human, taken from the frontispiece of Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature, by Thomas H. Huxley (London, 1863)(with the positions of Gorilla and Pan reversed to reflect current genetic data).

«Surprisingly, we found that in many ways the gorilla Y chromosome is more similar to the human Y chromosome than either is to the chimpanzee Y chromosome,» said Kateryna Makova, the Francis R. and Helen M. Pentz Professor of Science at Penn State and one of two corresponding authors of the paper.

However, the chimpanzee Y chromosome appears to have undergone more changes in the number of genes and contains a different amount of repetitive elements compared to the human or gorilla.