Sentences with phrase «in hydrogen ion»

Surface ocean pH has decreased by 0.1 unit due to absorption of anthropogenic CO2 emissions (equivalent to a 30 % increase in hydrogen ion concentration) and is predicted to decrease by up to a further 0.3 - 0.4 units by 2100 (Caldeira and Wickett, 2003).

Here is another post I did on this topic http://chriscolose.wordpress.com/2007/12/22/corals-in-peril/ Increasing H3O ^ + obviously does raise the acidity, as the anonymous poster mentioned... the slight change in pH can have a remarkable effect on the change in Hydrogen ion concentration.

The pH scale is logarithmic, so a change of 1 unit corresponds to a 10-fold change in hydrogen ion concentration.

From preindustrial levels, contemporary surface ocean pH is estimated to have dropped on average from 8.2 to 8.1, or by about 0.1 pH units (a 26 % increase in hydrogen ion concentration), and further decreases of 0.22 to 0.35 pH units are projected over this century unless carbon dioxide emissions are significantly reduced.

In that respect, what I find more interesting is the lack of (un) certainty discussion in the text I quoted, although describing «a 26 % increase in hydrogen ion concentration» as «almost 30 % more acidic» is telling.

From preindustrial levels, contemporary surface ocean pH is estimated to have dropped on average from 8.2 to 8.1, or by about 0.1 pH units (a 26 % increase in hydrogen ion concentration), and further decreases of 0.22 to 0.35 pH units are projected over this century unless carbon dioxide emissions are significantly reduced (Orr et al., 2005; Bopp et al., 2013).

If the surface ocean PCO2 concentrations continue to increase in proportion with the atmospheric CO2 increase, a doubling of atmospheric CO2 from preindustrial levels will result in a 30 % decrease in carbonate ion concentration and a 60 % increase in hydrogen ion concentration.

If the surface ocean pCO2 concentrations continue to increase in proportion with the atmospheric CO2 increase, a doubling of atmospheric CO2 from preindustrial levels will result in a 30 % decrease in carbonate ion concentration and a 60 % increase in hydrogen ion concentration.

Most other nutrients, on the other hand, are more actively transported - there are certain receptors lining those intestinal cells (cells called enterocytes, if anybody cares) that pull salts, sugars, amino acids, etc. through the intestinal lining into the cells in exchange for other compounds (e.g. they'll pull in a hydrogen ion at the same time as an amino acid, then exchange the new hydrogen atom for a sodium molecule later.)

«The sperm pumps out calcium and takes in hydrogen ions, which seems to give it that last push into the egg, and also is critical to starting the zygote's life.»

Working from the recent Hansen paper's assertion that we have achieved a 26 % increase in hydrogen ions from pre-industrial, a better notion would equate a quarter - percent acidification to each ppm enhancement of air, or ~ six months of combustion.

Rhe fact that acidification remains a surface water problom suggests to me that the increase in hydrogen ions resuts in a slight lowering of sea water density, otherwise normal mixing would prevent it.

Not exact matches

Molecular dynamics studies of electron - ion temperature equilibration in hydrogen plasmas within the coupled - mode regime

Due to the high temperatures and intense radiation present, these atoms initially existed in an «ionized» state: The negatively charged electrons had been stripped from positively charged protons, leaving behind positive hydrogen ions (essentially, just protons).

There are basically two types of lines, those produced by collisions between the atoms or ions and the electrons in the surrounding gas, which are called collision lines, and which are very bright for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and neon, and lines which are produced when ions capture free electrons, which are called recombination lines, and which are bright only for those gases with the highest abundances in the interstellar medium: hydrogen and helium.

Unlike water or regular ice, in superionic ice the water molecules dissociate into charged atoms called ions, with the oxygen ions locked in a solid lattice, while the hydrogen ions move like the molecules in a liquid.

Analysis of the water leaving Venus's atmosphere, however, shows that many of the hydrogen ions are actually a stable isotope of the element called deuterium, which consists of a proton and a neutron (rather than just a proton) in its nucleus.

In the limit, a single hydrogen ion, a proton made up of three quarks, will have a tiny amount of synergy, of.

It is based on the measurement of pH, which is based in turn on the activity of hydrogen ions (H +) in a water or salt solution.

The best candidates include buckytubes in lithium ion batteries, flow cells, and hydrogen fuel cells.

Using a Cameca NanoSIMS 50L multicollector ion microprobe at Carnegie, the researchers measured the amount of deuterium in the samples compared to the amount of regular hydrogen.

Hydrogen atoms are formed in such devices only when electrons flow into a fluid where they can combine with hydrogen ions; those atoms in turn combine with each other to create hydroHydrogen atoms are formed in such devices only when electrons flow into a fluid where they can combine with hydrogen ions; those atoms in turn combine with each other to create hydrohydrogen ions; those atoms in turn combine with each other to create hydrogenhydrogen gas.

«They dock onto a hydrogen ion and jump in the direction of the lower pressure to the next hydrogen ion, from vacancy to vacancy, until they form elementary hydrogen again on the other side,» says Mariya Ivanova.

What happens in detail in the chemical reaction is that a hydrogen ion — a proton — is ejected from the pigment at the same moment the UV light reaches the pigment molecule.

«Sodium ions are much smaller than the hydrogen protons bound to oxygen molecules in the water in our bodies which are mapped by conventional MRI.

Even GM's vice chairman of global product development, Bob Lutz, said recently that if energy storage in lithium ion batteries improves, it might not make sense to employ hydrogen instead of electricity directly.

Polyaniline conducts only in acid because it needs hydrogen ions (protons) to assist its conductivity.

Researchers used a multicollector ion microprobe to study hydrogen - deuterium ratios in lunar rock and on Earth.

ICING OUT An unusual form of ice is made of a solid lattice of oxygen ions (circles in this illustration) through which hydrogen ions travel freely (pink trails), like a liquid.

MAVEN's magnetometer found a decrease in the occurrence of electromagnetic waves excited by hydrogen ions, indicating a decrease in the amount of hydrogen present.

In reality, though, the reaction is slow, inefficient and requires large quantities of both hydrogen peroxide and ferrous (Fe2 +, a divalent iron ion) salt — which serves as a catalyst.

Each cluster consists of hydrogen molecules arranged around a negatively charged hydrogen ion — a single hydrogen atom with an extra electron — at temperatures near absolute zero, the researchers report in the Dec. 30 Physical Review Letters.

In addition to achieving success in improving the performance of the negative hydrogen ion source, we clarified experimentally detailed physical phenomena related to negative ion source plasma by using numerous diagnostics to investigate negative ion source plasma from numerous directionIn addition to achieving success in improving the performance of the negative hydrogen ion source, we clarified experimentally detailed physical phenomena related to negative ion source plasma by using numerous diagnostics to investigate negative ion source plasma from numerous directionin improving the performance of the negative hydrogen ion source, we clarified experimentally detailed physical phenomena related to negative ion source plasma by using numerous diagnostics to investigate negative ion source plasma from numerous directions.

In the case of the negative ion source, the small amount of cesium is injected into the ion source and the cesium - adsorbed surface of the so - called «plasma electrode» become activated to transfer the electron to hydrogen atoms and hydrogenous positive ions that are colliding on the surface.

Now, by recreating the chemistry of those early gas clouds in the lab, researchers have determined the rate at which hydrogen atoms and negative hydrogen ions combined in the primordial soup.

Specifically, they measured hydrogen and its isotope, deuterium (hydrogen with an extra neutron in its nucleus) with ion microprobes, which use a focused beam of ions to sputter ions from a small rock sample into a mass spectrometer.

Here, the electrons react with hydrogen ions in the solution and oxygen from the air to form water.

In the large negative hydrogen ion source at NIFS, various types of diagnostics are available for measuring negative hydrogen ion density, electron density, and other quantities.

His hydrogen - ion - creating system uses an indium tin oxide electrode and a container of water with cobalt and potassium phosphate mixed in.

This aurora is driven by Jupiter's intense magnetic field, which causes particles to reach such high speeds that they can split the water molecules in the plume when they hit them, resulting in oxygen and hydrogen ions which leave their telltale imprint in the colours of the aurora.

In particular, a charged molecule called hydronium, which has three hydrogen atoms and one oxygen ion, can transform into water (plus an independent hydrogen atom) if it captures a free - floating electron.

Chemists have known for decades that a class of compounds called solid acids conduct hydrogen ions efficiently at moderate temperatures, but these materials had never been put to work in a fuel cell.

Hydrogen ions in superionic water ice can carry electrical charge, making it good at conducting electricity and generating magnetic fields.

In this hot ice, the oxygen ions of the water molecules behave like a solid, staying in place to form a lattice, while the hydrogen ions flow through it like a fluiIn this hot ice, the oxygen ions of the water molecules behave like a solid, staying in place to form a lattice, while the hydrogen ions flow through it like a fluiin place to form a lattice, while the hydrogen ions flow through it like a fluid.

«At present, we have shown that hydrogen ions (H +), Li +, Na +, K +, Cu + and Ag + can be used to introduce ions in our method, and we expect a larger variety of ions will be usable.

The team will then shoot beams of various neutron - rich ions at a plastic target full of deuterium, a heavy form of hydrogen in which the nucleus contains a proton and a neutron.

Visualization of molecular dynamics simulations showing the fast diffusion of hydrogen ions (pink trajectories) within the solid lattice of oxygen in superionic ice.

Ordinary «bulk» silicon with high concentrations of hydrogen implanted in the crystal lattice showed some promise, but to «dope» silicon in this way meant bombarding it with ion beams, which damages it.

Since the moon has virtually no atmosphere, high - energy hydrogen ions ejected from the sun continually bombard the surface and break chemical bonds in the rocks.

The new, warm fuel cell marries a solid electrolyte, such as those found in solid - oxide cells, with the hydrogen - ion conduction used in polymer - electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells.