Sentences with phrase «in ice sheet volume»

Shackleton (2000); changes of CO2 preceding changes in ice sheet volume were reported in Shackleton and Pisias (1985).

The latter is almost linearly related to changes in ice sheet volume; the former, however, is influenced by a range of factors, including atmosphere / ocean dynamics and changes in Earth's gravitational field, rotation, and crustal and the mantle deformation associated with the redistribution of mass between land ice and the ocean.

Not exact matches

«That may not sound like a lot, but consider the volume of ice now locked up in the planet's three greatest ice sheets,» she writes in a recent issue of Scientific American.

But the large volumes of data on Arctic sea and land ice that IceBridge has collected during its nine years of operations there have also enabled scientific discoveries ranging from the first map showing what parts of the bottom of the massive Greenland Ice Sheet are thawed to improvements in snowfall accumulation models for all of Greenlaice that IceBridge has collected during its nine years of operations there have also enabled scientific discoveries ranging from the first map showing what parts of the bottom of the massive Greenland Ice Sheet are thawed to improvements in snowfall accumulation models for all of GreenlaIce Sheet are thawed to improvements in snowfall accumulation models for all of Greenland.

The East Antarctic Ice Sheet is the only ice sheet likely to gain in mass, but even this ice sheet has the potential to rapidly lose ice volume around its marine - grounded sectoIce Sheet is the only ice sheet likely to gain in mass, but even this ice sheet has the potential to rapidly lose ice volume around its marine - grounded secSheet is the only ice sheet likely to gain in mass, but even this ice sheet has the potential to rapidly lose ice volume around its marine - grounded sectoice sheet likely to gain in mass, but even this ice sheet has the potential to rapidly lose ice volume around its marine - grounded secsheet likely to gain in mass, but even this ice sheet has the potential to rapidly lose ice volume around its marine - grounded sectoice sheet has the potential to rapidly lose ice volume around its marine - grounded secsheet has the potential to rapidly lose ice volume around its marine - grounded sectoice volume around its marine - grounded sectors.

«Conversely, there is more and better evidence across Iceland that when the ice sheet underwent major reduction at the end of the last glacial period, there was a large increase in both the frequency and volume of basalt erupted — with some estimates being 30 times higher than the present day.

Scientists have long suspected that the network of cracks in Europa's ice sheet could indicate a large volume of water underneath, and recent analysis of magnetic field data from the Galileo probe seems to confirm there is a salty ocean down there.

Anderson, J.B., Shipp, S.S., Bartek, L.R., and Reid, D.E., 1992, Evidence for a grounded ice sheet on the Ross Sea continental shelf during the late Pleistocene and preliminary paleodrainage reconstruction: in Elliot, D.H. ed., Contributions to Antarctic Research III, Antarctic Research Series, Volume 57, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., p. 39 - 62.

In West Antarctic Ice Sheet Initiative, Volume 2, Discipline Reviews, p. 111 - 130.

It must be pointed out that the ice has been thinning more appreciatively in west Greenland of late and that ice sheet melting can only contribute a moderate amount of freshwater volume each year.

So unless the perimeter of the Greenland ice sheet is the exact same thickness as the entire ice sheet (say 3 km on average), an area loss there, of 15 %, will produce a much smaller % volume loss, than say if this area loss were smack dab in the middle of the Greenland ice sheet.

The other point is that there are so few unrestricted outlets for the ice sheet, that it has to melt in place for the most part, which is a much slower process than losing volume via calving.

The net loss in volume and hence sea level contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) has doubled in recent years from 90 to 220 cubic kilometers / year has been noted recently (Rignot and Kanagaratnam, 2007).

For instance, when the first working group's volume was released in 2007, researchers criticized it for failing to include in its sea - level projections the contributions from melting ice sheets in West Antarctica and Greenland.

On decadal and longer time scales, global mean sea level change results from two major processes, mostly related to recent climate change, that alter the volume of water in the global ocean: i) thermal expansion (Section 5.5.3), and ii) the exchange of water between oceans and other reservoirs (glaciers and ice caps, ice sheets, other land water reservoirs - including through anthropogenic change in land hydrology, and the atmosphere; Section 5.5.5).

Scientists estimate the past volume of ice - sheets in the following way: As water freezes, different isotopes (types of chemicals) tend to freeze out at different rates.

Then in 2003 the launch of two new satellites, ICESat and GRACE, led to vast improvements in one of the methods for mass balance determination, volume change, and introduced the ability to conduct gravimetric measurements of ice sheet mass over time.

A simple ice budget calculation from ESL records demonstrates that the change in ice volume over Antarctica during the Late Glacial was at least comparable with the Scandinavian ice sheet, and quite possibly larger.

In the Arctic, there has been increased Eurasian river discharge to the Arctic Ocean, and continued declines in the ice volume of Arctic and sub-Arctic glaciers and the Greenland ice sheet (very high confidenceIn the Arctic, there has been increased Eurasian river discharge to the Arctic Ocean, and continued declines in the ice volume of Arctic and sub-Arctic glaciers and the Greenland ice sheet (very high confidencein the ice volume of Arctic and sub-Arctic glaciers and the Greenland ice sheet (very high confidence).

In subsequent millennia, as climate warmed and this ice sheet decayed, large volumes of meltwater flooded to the oceans [Tarasov and Peltier, 2006; Wickert, 2016].

The global decline in glacial and ice - sheet volume is predicted to be one of the largest contributors to global sea level rise during this century (Ch.

Loss of glacial volume in Alaska and neighboring British Columbia, Canada, currently contributes 20 % to 30 % as much surplus freshwater to the oceans as does the Greenland Ice Sheet — about 40 to 70 gigatons per year, 66,78,63,57,64,58 comparable to 10 % of the annual discharge of the Mississippi River.79 Glaciers continue to respond to climate warming for years to decades after warming ceases, so ice loss is expected to continue, even if air temperatures were to remain at current leveIce Sheet — about 40 to 70 gigatons per year, 66,78,63,57,64,58 comparable to 10 % of the annual discharge of the Mississippi River.79 Glaciers continue to respond to climate warming for years to decades after warming ceases, so ice loss is expected to continue, even if air temperatures were to remain at current leveice loss is expected to continue, even if air temperatures were to remain at current levels.

In the Eemian Greenland was about 5 degrees warmer than today, considerably above Gregory's threshold, but there was still an ice sheet present (although probably about half its present volume) and it remained in place for 20,000 yearIn the Eemian Greenland was about 5 degrees warmer than today, considerably above Gregory's threshold, but there was still an ice sheet present (although probably about half its present volume) and it remained in place for 20,000 yearin place for 20,000 years.

To say nothing of the warming trends also noticed in, for example: * ocean heat content * wasting glaciers * Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheet mass loss * sea level rise due to all of the above * sea surface temperatures * borehole temperatures * troposphere warming (with stratosphere cooling) * Arctic sea ice reductions in volume and extent * permafrost thawing * ecosystem shifts involving plants, animals and insects

They use a range of techniques to track changes in the volume of the ice - sheet over a 500 - year period, and compare it with measurements of ice - accumulation obtained by deep boring undertaken by Lonnie Thompson of Ohio State University.

Our simple scaling approximation implicitly assumes that ice sheets are sufficiently responsive to climate change that hysteresis is not a dominant effect; in other words, ice volume on millennial time scales is a function of temperature and does not depend much on whether the Earth is in a warming or cooling phase.

An ice sheet forcing does not depend sensitively on the ice sheet shape or on how many ice sheets the ice volume is divided among and is nearly linear in sea - level change (see electronic supplementary material, figure S4, and [5]-RRB-.

To a first approximation, sea - level changes reflect the volume of ocean water bound in continental ice sheets during the ice ages.

Predictions of future sea - level rise and reduction in volume of ice sheets are consistent with what the evidence indicates during the Last Interglacial.

They determined, however, that this volume had now increased by a further 3 cubic miles each year, prompted by an acceleration in the rate at which the ice caps and glaciers are melting.Unlike what many other scientists have said — including, most prominently, NASA's James Hansen (who believes that a rise in 17 inches by 2100 will be mainly precipitated by the melting of ice sheets)-- the authors of this study believe that the loss of ice from glaciers and ice caps will account for the majority of the expected rise in sea levels.

Record droughts in many areas of the world, the loss of arctic sea ice — what you see is an increasing trend that is superimposed on annual variablity (no bets on what happens next year, but the five - to - ten year average in global temperatures, sea surface temperatures, ocean heat content — those will increase — and ice sheet volumes, tropical glacier volumes, sea ice extent will decrease.

In Antarctica, the picture is more complex as the West Antarctic ice sheet is losing ice rapidly, but is growing in volume in East AntarcticIn Antarctica, the picture is more complex as the West Antarctic ice sheet is losing ice rapidly, but is growing in volume in East Antarcticin volume in East Antarcticin East Antarctica.

«Since 2009, the volume loss in Greenland has increased by a factor of about two, and the West Antarctic ice sheet by a factor of three,» said Angelika Humbert, one of the report's authors.

The Last Interglacial was also a period with higher global sea - level and a corresponding reduction in ice sheet area and volume, which are consistent with IPCC predictions for responses to future global warming.

Together, the present Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets contain enough water to raise sea level by almost 70 m if they were to melt, so that only a small fractional change in their volume would have a significant effect.