In a 16 page document available on SSRN three weeks ago, «Perma: Scoping and Addressing the Problem of Link and Reference Rot
in Legal Citations,» Harvard professors Jonathan Zittrain and Kendra Albert:
Debating periods
in legal citations may seem trivial and in the grand scheme of things, it probably is.
Should it be any different in regard to the use of pointless periods
in legal citations that have been shown time and again to serve no purpose whatever in locating a case?
Just as the current edition took a major step forward by elimination of the heretofore sacrosanct, but totally useless period,
in legal citation, the editors of the Guide to Canadian Legal Research are able to introduce reality into the practice of citing court decisions by a few simple changes to the recommended Hierarchy of Sources for case law.
It is a response to Simon Fodden's post on squigglies, pilcrows, and gaspers and Gary Rodrigues» post, «The full stop
in legal citation — has its time finally come?
The preface to the fifth edition explains (without once naming The Bluebook): «Feedback from membership surveys pointed to the staying power of certain scholarly traditions
in legal citation and urged that ALWD modify its rules to acknowledge those traditions.»
A year change prompts reflection on the roles dates play
in legal citation.
Not exact matches
You can find more detailed information, including
legal citations in National Consumer Law Center's publication Student Loan Law.
And, of course,
in order to use the systems of
citation common, if not mandated,
in legal work, one must have access to volumes published by Westlaw or LexisNexis
in which the
citations and pagination appear — although online portals like Google Scholar and Fastcase are doing pretty well at adding this information.
Would the crowd post answers
in the form of
legal citations?
It seems unlikely that the
legal market
in Canada is sufficiently large to make the development of a custom
citation management software package viable for a software company, as they are not generally very expensive.
Certain
legal writing «experts» suggest that all
citations be placed
in footnotes
in order to make judicial opinions more readable for the general public.
By automating
citation management and formatting, these software packages save considerable time
in research and composition, but there are many issues surrounding their adoption by the
legal community.
The primary purpose of a style guide for
legal citation is to ensure that everyone can understand how various combinations of numbers, letters, brackets and punctuation make it possible for the reader to find the full text of a case referred to
in a book, article or another case.
The Bluebook Uniform System of
Citation has been
in the news a lot lately, especially after Carl Malamud and Public Resource published the open source and freely available Baby Blue's Manual of
Legal Citation.
I stumbled across part of the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition website, where I found a good swathe of the 6th edition of the Canadian Guide to Uniform
Legal Citation available online
in PDF.
In fact, you don't even need a
citation to retrieve a published case these days.33 And beyond the obvious benefits of ease and convenience, this is excellent news for
legal research professors; we no longer need to teach the nuts and bolts of navigating arcane
legal sources.
Legal Research & Writing: Sentence Citations vs. Footnotes — What is the best method for citing cases in legal docum
Legal Research & Writing: Sentence
Citations vs. Footnotes — What is the best method for citing cases
in legal docum
legal documents?
In addition to covering opinion writing, the Guide has helpful reviews of
legal research, writing, and
citation pertinent to writing opinions complete with useful charts and a sample generic research plan.
Inbound links are of interest because, like
citations in legal writing, they indicate some type of «authoritative» status on the part of the receiving site.
It goes without saying that
legal citations are important, but if the same goal can be achieved
in a more efficient way, why not take the alternate route?
which uses natural language
in connection with IBM's Watson to search cases, statutes and regulations to provide
legal information ranging from
citations to full
legal briefs.
First - year law students spend countless hours flipping through the Bluebook
in hopes of mastering the art of
legal citation.
Many results have been posted on various
legal websites by so called SEO professionals, and
in most of them they have shown that,
in conjunction with compelling content that answers questions, AND that content being picked up by other sites,
in the form of
citations to the original document, using the tool has helped their clients» websites get better rankings.
But one important factor can be addressed by changing the manner by which
legal services are regulated — the lack of
legal information: not knowing if it is better to appear
in court, or better to not appear because if you do and you are unable to pay the fine, you will necessarily be incarcerated, not knowing whether it is possible to request a more convenient court date
in order to maintain employment, not knowing if children are allowed
in the courtroom and not having access to child care, not knowing if the
citation itself can be challenged, and, if so, how.
In 1926, the editor of the Harvard Law Review, Erwin Griswold, produced a pamphlet covering proper forms of
legal citation.
However, I think
legal citation is destined to languish
in purgatory (if not the other place) as only a few pendantic folks like us get terribly exercised over it.
Law Library)
in The Next Generation of
Legal Citations: A Survey of Internet
Citations in the Opinions of the Washington Supreme Court and Washington Appellate Courts, 1999 - 2005 [SSRN], 9 J. App.
The shortlist, unveiled today, comprises the partners who received the most
citations in Legal Week Intelligence's annual Best
Legal Adviser survey, which this year canvassed the opinions of more than 750 general counsel and senior
in - house lawyers.
is a browser extension for Firefox and Chrome built by Michael Poulshock now
in collaboration with Cornell's
Legal Information Institute that turns legal citations into hyperlinks to open access versions of the material c
Legal Information Institute that turns
legal citations into hyperlinks to open access versions of the material c
legal citations into hyperlinks to open access versions of the material cited.
of the Canadian Guide to Uniform
Legal Citation and I must say that
in my experience with the 7th ed., it is far closer to the 7th circle of hell than the 7th sphere of heaven.
As the original Carswell publisher for the Guide, I am quite proud of its role
in educating the
legal profession
in correct forms of
citation.
The law reports classified by The Guide to
Legal Citation as semi-official law reporters are in reality commercial publications prepared by legal publishers in the exactly the same manner as any other law re
Legal Citation as semi-official law reporters are
in reality commercial publications prepared by
legal publishers in the exactly the same manner as any other law re
legal publishers
in the exactly the same manner as any other law report.
In the contemporary context, to include parallel cites, whether to print reports or Lexis / Westlaw citations, is to extend to commercial publishers a role in the legal process that they no longer merit or deserv
In the contemporary context, to include parallel cites, whether to print reports or Lexis / Westlaw
citations, is to extend to commercial publishers a role
in the legal process that they no longer merit or deserv
in the
legal process that they no longer merit or deserve.
Perhaps it is time for the Federation of Law Societies of Canada to step
in and formulate a Model Code of
Legal Citation, as they have done with the Model Code of Professional Conduct, or their task force on the Canadian common law degree.
Ideally,
legal publishers should follow the print model and provide all possible correlative electronic
citations in every print publication.
The McGill is the Canadian Guide to Uniform
Legal Citation, but lately I have been wondering if there might be room for another guide to legal citation in Ca
Legal Citation, but lately I have been wondering if there might be room for another guide to legal citation in
Citation, but lately I have been wondering if there might be room for another guide to
legal citation in Ca
legal citation in
citation in Canada?
And to Ronald Standler's
Legal Research and
Citation Style
in USA, which I was unaware of until Judge Posner pointed it out.
As Thomas Smith observed
in Web of Law, the U.S.
citation network is highly skewed, with much of the
legal authority concentrated
in very few cases and the majority of it «dead.»
The
Legal Sourcery Blog reported recently that the three Saskatchewan Courts now have a practice directive
in place that requires the use of the
Citation Guide for the Courts of Saskatchewan.
These practices —
legal citation and casebooks — are but two among many that would encourage a re-evaluation of our
legal information processes and the way we teach and practice
legal research at the institutional level
in light of methods that are not only fairer and more accessible but perhaps even more responsive to and reflective of the realities of
legal education and practice, and that address the needs of a public hungry for
legal information.
in scanned PDF format, all freely available on AustLII, but also
in developing a uniform and vendor - neutral system of
legal citation for them.
Zotero comes with a variety of bibliographic and
citation styles built
in (though not, I think, the Canadian
legal citation format).
Third, they sometimes denote subparts
in a
citation, especially
in looseleaf
legal sources whose
citations contain successive numbers: § 126 [6](b)(1).
The eighth edition of the Canadian Guide to Uniform
Legal Citation («McGill Guide») was published
in May.
I found the use of measurement very transferable to
legal research, such as the IF
in a
legal decision of the number of
citations by other cases.
We propose a
legal citation format that works in a similar fashion, but instead of being contained in the venerable HREF parameter, we propose a second and optional parameter for the A tag, called LREF for Legal Refer
legal citation format that works
in a similar fashion, but instead of being contained
in the venerable HREF parameter, we propose a second and optional parameter for the A tag, called LREF for
Legal Refer
Legal Reference.
Fast forward twenty - three years from the time that Berners - Lee uploaded the first web site, and lawyers still use (relatively) ancient
legal citations rooted
in physical page numbers and expensive bound volumes.
I've been following for years because I do appeals, and motion practice is my favorite of law practice and it's one of the things that I still do, and you know Garner set the world of
legal writing on fire by suggesting that all
citations should be
in footnotes.
I found the use of measurement very transferable to
legal research, such as the IF
in a
legal decision of the number of
citations by... [more]