In general, large parts of Australia are expected to face increasing freshwater stress, increased drought frequency and increasing temperatures which will result
in more evaporation.
So if they must be kept seperate, as they must, is it not obvious that the DLR takes care of itself, disappears completely
in more evaporation and radiation and providing for the evaporative energy deficit that it causes itself with no knock on effect on anything?
With the Earth known as the «water planet» because of over 70 % of the globe covered by deep oceans, warmer temps directly result
in more evaporation of the ocean water into the air - clouds.
And once wide swaths of tree are cut, large land areas lose their shade cover, resulting
in more evaporation from the soil, further reducing water flows.
Ironically, though, the large amounts of lake effect snow have been linked to the warming of the lake, resulting
in more evaporation, convective lift and, therefore, snow than previously seen.
Not exact matches
Warmer air increases the
evaporation rate of water, and for every degree Celsius increase
in temperature, a parcel of air can hold 7 percent
more water.
The worldly view always clings fast to the difference between man and man, and naturally it has no understanding of the one thing needful (for to have that is spirituality), and therefore no understanding of the narrowness and meanness of mind which is exemplified
in having lost one's self — not by
evaporation in the infinite, but by being entirely finitized, by having become, instead of a self, a number, just one man
more, one
more repetition of this everlasting Einerlei.
In a still
more radical vein, Professor Ribot (Psychologie des Sentiments, p. 310) describes the
evaporation of religion.
You would have noticed
in the ingredient labelling of most brands containing reconstituted juice that the company has added Vitamin C to
more than compensate for that lost during the
evaporation process.
In contrast, the system of sulfuric acid and dimethylamine forms particles much
more efficiently because even the smallest clusters are essentially stable against
evaporation.
Above all else, they will have to consider whether they can any longer justify using
more than two - thirds of their water for irrigation, especially when many crops are
in surplus and, on many irrigation projects, around 40 per cent of the water is lost to
evaporation.
The weaker temperature gradient would have meant less rainfall and
more evaporation in the midlatitude North Pacific.
This process and the way
in which the antlike agents increase the scores are designed to work
in tandem so that busy routes experience
more evaporation than reinforcement, whereas uncongested routes undergo just the opposite.
«It turns out that Titan's north pole is even
more interesting than we thought, with a complex interplay of liquids
in lakes and seas and deposits left from the
evaporation of past lakes and seas.»
What's
more, aquifers lose no water through
evaporation, do not flood ecosystems, and
in California they have capacity for between 17 and 26 times as much water as all of the state's reservoirs combined.
For example,
in years that had
more than average burning during the dry season, measurements of soil moisture,
evaporation and vegetation greenness — all of which help to trigger rain — decreased
in the following wet season.
Another process knows as a «runaway greenhouse» occurs due to the increased greenhouse effect of water vapor
in the lower atmosphere, which further drives
evaporation and
more warming.
It is a reminder that
in a warming world, there is also
more evaporation to drive storms, which corresponds to heavier precipitation.
UHI effects have been documented
in city environments worldwide and show that as cities become increasingly urbanised, increasing energy use, reductions
in surface water (and
evaporation) and increased concrete etc. tend to lead to warmer conditions than
in nearby
more rural areas.
When droughts do occur, they will be
more intense than those
in the past, because higher temperatures will lead to
more evaporation from soils and transpiration from plants.
In addition, less ice cover can lead to
more evaporation and lower water levels while warmer water contributes to
more algal blooms and impaired water quality, she says.
So
in this sense, the 2002 drought and associated heat waves were
more extreme than the earlier droughts, because the impact of the low rainfall was exacerbated by high potential
evaporation (Karoly et al., 2003; Nicholls, 2004).
He further stated that increases
in average regional temperatures could be
more than 4 degrees Celsius (7.2 degrees Fahrenheit) and that
evaporation will win out.
Built -
in evaporation protection enhances live cell kinetic assays, minimizing edge effects for better reproducibility and
more reliable data.
Only about 40 % of the water reaches the crops, while
evaporation in the hot sun takes
more than two metres of water a year from the reservoirs - a total of around 300m cubic metres from Elephant Butte alone.
chastised banks are likely to be very much
more frugal
in home lending for the foreseeable future — and THAT
more than anything is what likely ordains lower prices
in housing, as the prices of 2007 were the product of the near -
evaporation of credit underwriting standards.
Evaporation by dryer air /
more sunshine / less clouds may have played a role
in several glaciers.
The higher temperatures associated with climate change near the surface are resulting
in increased
evaporation, leading to
more water vapor
in the stratosphere which chemically reacting with the ozone — resulting
in ozone depletion.
This additional precipitation is sustained by
more energy leaving the surface by
evaporation — that is,
in the form of latent heat flux — and thereby offsets much of the increase
in longwave flux to the surface.
Recent record snowfall months have coincided with unusually warm water
in the lakes, lack of ice, leading to
more open water for
more evaporation, Feb, 2007 as an example.
There are physical reasons to believe that a GW can result
in more havy precipitations: a surface warming results
in a higher rate of
evaporation.
«Century of Data Shows Intensification of Water Cycle but No Increase
in Storms or Floods Released: 3/15/2006 12:13:21 PM» (excerpt) A review of the findings from
more than 100 peer - reviewed studies shows that although many aspects of the global water cycle have intensified, including precipitation and
evaporation, this trend has not consistently resulted
in an increase
in the frequency or intensity of tropical storms or floods over the past century.
On the other hand, the subtropical waters can be expected to become saltier
in the future, for the same reason (increased hydrological cycle gives
more evaporation in the subtropics, thus increased salinities
in subtropical waters).
Duration could vary: a
more intense storm may peter out
more quickly by having used up the available energy
in the immediate vicinity (from convergence
in the atmosphere as air spirals
in, to surface moisture from
evaporation in the strong winds) unless it moves into a new environment.
(I think that an anomalously warm ocean surface heated from below would lead to
more evaporation, and the additional water vapor would give a positive greenhouse effect that would partially offset the effect of a drop
in greenhouse gas concentrations.)
While the energy input allows
more evaporation to occur, it's confusing the matter to say that this «cools» the surface, since the
evaporation is just helping to carry away the heat put
in by the other terms.
«Even if an area remains wet doesn't mean that it will be protected from the other aspects of climate change: rising and far
more erratic air temperatures, higher rates of
evaporation (evapotranspiration), and the rising concentration of CO2,» he said
in an e-mail message.
This would be logical as a consequence of
more evaporation of the oceans and consequently
more precipitations
in these cold areas.
There isn't any clear evidence for a missing thermostat
in existing models, and if something is going on it's
more consistent with Clement's temporary thermostat than the old
evaporation / cloud ideas.
BTW, as noted above, I should have paid
more attention to the role of increased
evaporation in increasing the severity of drought, and reducing streamflow, the relevant variable for my analysis.
In your paper (co-authored with Wenju Cai) presented to the Pan Evaporation Workshop at the Academy of Science in Canberra in late 2004, which I attended, you used the SRES A2 scenario projections to reach the conclusion that «By 2100, the equivalent CO2 reaches a level that is more than three times the level of 1870 (concentration ppm).&raqu
In your paper (co-authored with Wenju Cai) presented to the Pan
Evaporation Workshop at the Academy of Science
in Canberra in late 2004, which I attended, you used the SRES A2 scenario projections to reach the conclusion that «By 2100, the equivalent CO2 reaches a level that is more than three times the level of 1870 (concentration ppm).&raqu
in Canberra
in late 2004, which I attended, you used the SRES A2 scenario projections to reach the conclusion that «By 2100, the equivalent CO2 reaches a level that is more than three times the level of 1870 (concentration ppm).&raqu
in late 2004, which I attended, you used the SRES A2 scenario projections to reach the conclusion that «By 2100, the equivalent CO2 reaches a level that is
more than three times the level of 1870 (concentration ppm).»
More importantly, as I've said several times now,
in assessing the claim that the climate is hotter and drier you also have to take account of
evaporation, which is now exacerbating droughts to the point that inflows to the Murray - Darling for 2006 are the lowest on record.
Here's yet another one, which contains references to even
more studies, all of which agree that the increase
in precipitation /
evaporation (and therefore latent heat transport) is a few percent / oC.
More importantly, as Iâ $ ™ ve said several times now,
in assessing the claim that the climate is hotter and drier you also have to take account of
evaporation
The kinetic energy from the falling rain that occurs after condensation then feeds the circular winds that
in turn draw
more heat from
evaporation etc. so as to form a positive feedback loop.
More water by Danube to replenish the deficit from
evaporation in Mediterranean > gulf stream slows.
If there is
more moisture
in the air for the foregoing reasons, there must be
more in the surface at equilibrium, and hence
more evaporation happening as part of that balance.
More extra
evaporation would occur
in the hottest parts which are currently the dryest?
Though one could get
more clouds
in temperate and polar regions if there less clouds
in tropics - generating massive amount of
evaporation.
I am interested
in learning
more about the potential
evaporation rate (W / m2)
in the NCEP / NCAR Reanalysis dataset (Kalnay et al., 1996)- Does anyone have familiarity with this particular variable and / or know how it was derived?