Sentences with phrase «in observational records»

The uncertainties in the observational records are discussed in detail in Section 3.4.1 and by Karl et al. (2006).

Finally, some important apparent inconsistencies noted in the observational record have been largely resolved since the last report.

Now Rebekah Dawson and Daniel Fabrycky at the Harvard - Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, say gaps in the observational record meant the planet's orbital period — originally thought to be about three days — was miscalculated.

«The state shift in atmospheric circulation is unprecedented in the observational record, which goes back as far as 1850.

Indeed, it is not clear how best to diagnose a regional forcing and response in the observational record; regional forcings can lead to global climate responses, while global forcings can be associated with regional climate responses.

However, during the mid-2000s, with several fewer years in the observational record, the trend in Antarctic sea ice extent was reported to be considerably smaller and statistically indistinguishable from zero.

Here we demonstrate that chemical ozone destruction over the Arctic in early 2011 was — for the first time in the observational record — comparable to that in the Antarctic ozone hole.

As early as February 2016, climate scientists were making evidence - based predictions that 2016 would become the hottest year in the observational record.

The day - by - day, month - by - month, year - by - year, etc. sequencing of values, however, will not correspond to observations, since climate models solve a «boundary value problem» and are not constrained to reproduce the timing of natural climate variability (e.g., El Niño - Southern Oscillation) in the observational record.

According to NOAA's 2016 Arctic Report Card, the average annual surface air temperature anomaly (+3.6 °F / 2.0 °C relative to the 1981 - 2010 baseline) over land north of 60 ° N between October 2015 and September 2016 was by far the highest in the observational record beginning in 1900.

In a new study, Box and a team of researchers describe the decline in ice sheet reflectivity and the reasons behind it, noting that if current trends continue, the area of ice that melts during the summer season is likely to expand to cover all of Greenland for the first time in the observational record, rather than just the lower elevations at the edges of the continent, as is the case today.

IMO I've seen nothing in the observational record that convinces me that we need take any drastic action to reduce CO2 outputs quicker than they will naturally fall as newer, cleaner baseload power options come on stream.

What we really know about half a degree we can see in the observational record, and for many it is not particularly good.

However, the model predictions of the climate of the end of this century lie largely outside of this evaluation period, due to the projected future CO2 forcing being significantly greater than that seen in the observational record.

According to analyses at NASA and NOAA, the past decade has been the warmest in the observational record dating back to the 19th century and the Arctic has been substantially higher than the global average.

The full range of Outlooks submitted this month lies within the range of the 10 lowest years of sea ice extent in the observational record.

Both September and October were also the warmest on record, in terms of anomalies, for any month amongst all 1630 months in the observational record.

Not exact matches

For a start, observational records are now roughly five years longer, and the global temperature increase over this period has been largely consistent with IPCC projections of greenhouse gas — driven warming made in previous reports dating back to 1990.

Those heat extremes, the hottest in the country's observational record, were likely caused by man - made climate change, according to a new study accepted for publication in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.

The researchers relied on observational data sets from citizen scientists, people without the qualifications to be a scientist who have chosen to observe and record patterns in nature.

Similar ideas have also addressed the possibility of a fainter young Sun, but direct observational evidence in the geological record is currently lacking, making it the subject of debate among scientists.

We've narrowed the uncertainty in surface warming projections by generating thousands of climate simulations that each closely match observational records for nine key climate metrics, including warming and ocean heat content.»

(The average lunar day is about 51 minutes longer than the solar day because of the moons rotation around Earth and this allows scientists to reliably separate the two tides in long observational records.)

Co-author Nerilie Abram, from the Australian National University, said: «In order to better understand climate change in Antarctica, we need continued climate measurements in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean, and extension of these short observational records with past climate reconstructions and climate modelling.&raquIn order to better understand climate change in Antarctica, we need continued climate measurements in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean, and extension of these short observational records with past climate reconstructions and climate modelling.&raquin Antarctica, we need continued climate measurements in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean, and extension of these short observational records with past climate reconstructions and climate modelling.&raquin the Antarctic and Southern Ocean, and extension of these short observational records with past climate reconstructions and climate modelling.»

People were more likely to imitate popular choices, particularly those choices that are on the upswing, a dynamic Goldstone and his IU colleague Todd Gureckis had documented earlier in an observational study of baby names in 130 years of U.S. Social Security records.

Montana's snowpack has declined over the observational record (i.e., since the 1930s) in mountains west and east of the Continental Divide; this decline has been most pronounced since the 1980s.

The study was based on observational records by a team around Irene Bender and Matthias Dehling of the fruit choices of birds in the Manú Biosphere Reserve on the western slopes of the Andes in Peru.

Using those observational records, van Oldenborgh's analysis concluded that global warming has made a temperature anomaly like the one observed in 2014 in Europe at least 80 times more likely.

There is no narration in Paolo Brunatto's observational «Bernardo Bertolucci's Chinese Adventure,» a behind - the - scenes look at the process of filmmaking, from on - set preparations and direction to editing to Ryuchi Sakamoto recording the score.

During the last two observations, observers were asked to interrupt their normal observational protocol every five minutes, scan the room quickly, and record the proportion of children in the class who were perceived to be on task.

Only after they reached a high level of proficiency in recognizing technology usage and recording data did they begin collecting the observational data for this investigation.

The relatively low prevalence of recorded diagnoses of BOAS and other respiratory problems in the current primary - care population using a retrospective observational study design is in sharp contrast with the findings from some other prospective clinical studies.

Her practice is rooted in observational drawings that record the world around her.

It's based upon multiple lines of evidence including (in no particular order) the paleoclimate record, experimental evidence, well - established physical theory, and observational evidence.

None of the above should be taken as trying to diminish the work of Farman and colleagues whose «old school» brand of observational science certainly paid off, but a result is far more powerful when seen in multiple independent records.

The observational record contradicts the simplifying assumptions used in current models of ice sheet response.

They do this by seeing whether the same result is seen in other simulations, with other models, whether it makes physical sense and whether there is some evidence of similar things in the observational or paleo record.

Mike's work, like that of previous award winners, is diverse, and includes pioneering and highly cited work in time series analysis (an elegant use of Thomson's multitaper spectral analysis approach to detect spatiotemporal oscillations in the climate record and methods for smoothing temporal data), decadal climate variability (the term «Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation» or «AMO» was coined by Mike in an interview with Science's Richard Kerr about a paper he had published with Tom Delworth of GFDL showing evidence in both climate model simulations and observational data for a 50 - 70 year oscillation in the climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published in Nature), in showing how changes in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO, in examining the role of solar variations in explaining the pattern of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, the relationship between the climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global sea level, and even a bit of work in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measurements).

Talk to me in another 15 years — Based on advances in modeling technology and on the additional observational record, I guarantee that I will have modified my opinion several times during that period.

Given the short length of the trustworthy oceanic observational record, particularly in the deep ocean, the ocean response to multi-decadal and longer natural forcings is virtually unknown.

A typo in mine at # 25 is where 40,000 m3 should read 400,000 m3, and an addendum is the reference for the forcing from the Albedo Loss feedback shown in the satellite record: «Observational determination of albedo decrease caused by vanishing Arctic sea ice» See: http://eisenman.ucsd.edu/publications/Pistone-Eisenman-Ramanathan-2014.pdf

Andy (or anyone else with full access)-- The abstract states that «Inferences from the observational record... indicate that models underestimate some of the changes in the hydrological cycle.»

And I'd have to say that if I have to save my life by winning an argument with oil men in a bar in Midland, Tex., on this topic, I would go in with some lumps of black mudstone from the ancient rock record, I'd go in with the established figures on our present input of carbon dioxide, and I'd say which bit of this observational science do you guys quarrel with, and why?

The TAR showed sea level rise curves for a range of emission scenarios (shown in the Figure above together with the new observational record of Church and White 2006).

The attribution calculation in the IPCC AR5 is based on fingerprint studies, where the spatial patterns of the temperature response of the climate models to various agents are scaled to best reconstruct the temperature record from observational constraints.

The global projections discussed in this chapter are extensions of the simulations of the observational record discussed in Chapter 9.

These estimates are generally model - based because of difficulties in obtaining reliable internal variability estimates from the observational record on the spatial and temporal scales considered in detection studies.

One of the difficulties studying changes in the frequency and intensity of cyclones is that the record of past storms is inhomogeneous, due to changes in observational capabilities and how storms have been measured and recorded.

In addition, owing to observational uncertainties and the presence of internal variability, the observational record against which models are assessed is «imperfect».

We need to keep working the historical data record to build credible observational data sets back further in time.