Sentences with phrase «in ocean carbon cycling»

Not exact matches

Plankton plays an important role in the ocean's carbon cycle by removing half of all CO2 from the atmosphere during photosynthesis and storing it deep under the sea — isolated from the atmosphere for centuries.

Coastal waters play an important role in the carbon cycle by transferring carbon to the open ocean or burying it in wetland soils and ocean sediments, a new study shows.

They report in Global Biogeochemical Cycles that, of the carbon entering coastal waters from rivers and the atmosphere, about 20 percent is buried while 80 percent flows out to the open ocean.

«This work will help increase our understanding of climate change, carbon cycling, and ocean acidification in the Arctic, particularly as it affects marine and fishery science and technology,» added Chen.

«This finding is a major advance in understanding the natural carbon cycle, gained by applying a new understanding about how the «overturning circulation» of the Southern Ocean works,» said lead author Dr Andrew J Watson from the University of Exeter.

Now researchers at MIT and Bristol University in the United Kingdom have found that these microscopic, mixotrophic organisms may have a large impact on the ocean's food web and the global carbon cycle.

In a study of the ocean's role in the global carbon cycle, Siegel and his colleagues used those nuggets to their advantagIn a study of the ocean's role in the global carbon cycle, Siegel and his colleagues used those nuggets to their advantagin the global carbon cycle, Siegel and his colleagues used those nuggets to their advantage.

According to the researchers, oceans are a central component in the global carbon cycle through their storage, transport and transformations of carbon constituents.

Measuring pH lets us monitor the carbon cycle, which underpins the basic chemistry of the ocean and generation of oxygen in the air.

An article published in the Global Biogeochemical Cycles on 20th of February 2018 estimates that solar radiation mineralizes 45 teragrams of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in the ocean.

«In order to predict how ecosystems will react when you heat up the planet or acidify the ocean, we first need to understand the mechanisms of everyday carbon cycling — who's involved and how are they doing it?»

It's broadly understood that the world's oceans play a crucial role in the global - scale cycling and exchange of carbon between Earth's ecosystems and atmosphere.

«Much of the carbon cycling in the ocean happens unseen to the naked eye, and it involves a complex mix of processes involving microbes and molecules,» said Azam, a distinguished professor of marine microbiology.

This element moves through the atmosphere, oceans and the planet's crust in a pattern called the carbon cycle.

The detailed mechanisms of how the oceans contribute to this global carbon cycle at the microscopic scale, and which microbes have a leadership role in the breakdown process, are complex and convoluted problems to solve.

By demonstrating that key individual species within the ecosystem can play a disproportionally large role in carbon cycling, this study helps bring us a step closer to understanding the function these microbes play in larger questions of climate warming and increased acidity in the ocean.

Assistant Professor of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science Robert Spencer and a team of researchers traveled to Siberia from 2012 to 2015 to better understand how thawing permafrost affected the carbon cycle and specifically to see if the vast amounts of carbon stored in this permafrost were thawing and how it w transferring to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

Climate change is thus inseparable from ocean change, and our ability to understand these changes relies heavily on our understanding of ocean ecosystems and, more specifically, the role of iron in regulating ocean productivity and hence the global carbon cycle and climate.

How does the enormous diversity of zooplankton species, life cycles, size, feeding ecology, and physiology affect their role in ocean food webs and cycling of carbon?

For instance, RPO alone can be used to track organic carbon cycles in rivers and their watersheds, in soils, and in ocean water.

The key long - term stabilizing mechanism that keeps Earth's climate in the habitable range (allowing liquid water on its surface) is the carbon cycle: it is the journey of carbon through the atmosphere, the ocean, the rocks, and the volcanoes of our planet.

At the time, Exxon had deployed a state - of - the - art supertanker outfitted with equipment for measuring marine CO2 concentrations to understand the role the oceans play in the world's carbon cycle.

The 200 coccolithophore species produce up to ten per cent of the biomass in the oceans and keep the marine carbon cycle running.

My rather old (1994) carbon cycle chart shows 111 GtC turned into biomass each year (61 land 50 ocean) compared to 750 in the atmosphere and 5.5 added to the atmosphere by human activity.

Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) causes pronounced shifts in marine carbonate chemistry and a decrease in seawater pH. Increasing evidence indicates that these changes — summarized by the term ocean acidification (OA)-- can significantly affect marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles.

«Changes in ocean circulation have been proposed as a trigger mechanism for the large coupled climate and carbon cycle perturbations at the Paleocene - Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ca. 55 Ma).

The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition (the concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane); changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles (and possibly the Sun's orbit around the galaxy); the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the Earth's surface, which could affect wind and ocean currents; variations in solar output; the orbital dynamics of the Earth - Moon system; and the impact of relatively large meteorites, and volcanism including eruptions of supervolcanoes.

The carbon cycle effects of the geoengineering might delay that outcome in the ocean by a few years but wouldn't prevent those outcomes from occurring,» he said.

In contrast to the traditional view of anthropogenic organic carbon export and degradation, we suggest that with the increase of wastewater discharge and treatment rates, wastewater DIC input may play an increasingly more important role in the coastal ocean carbon cyclIn contrast to the traditional view of anthropogenic organic carbon export and degradation, we suggest that with the increase of wastewater discharge and treatment rates, wastewater DIC input may play an increasingly more important role in the coastal ocean carbon cyclin the coastal ocean carbon cycle.

About BIOACID: Since 2009, more than 250 BIOACID scientists from 20 German research institutes have investigated how different marine organisms respond to ocean acidification and increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in seawater, how their performance is affected during their various life stages, how these reactions impact marine food webs and elemental cycles and whether they can be mitigated by evolutionary adaptation.

So there are cycles, possibly related to ocean conditions in the Pacific, which can bring about super-droughts even without fossil fuelled carbon in the atmosphere.

ECCO model - data syntheses are being used to quantify the ocean's role in the global carbon cycle, to understand the recent evolution of the polar oceans, to monitor time - evolving heat, water, and chemical exchanges within and between different components of the Earth system, and for many other science applications.

By 2100, the ocean uptake rate of 5 Gt C yr - 1 is balanced by the terrestrial carbon source, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations are 250 p.p.m.v. higher in our fully coupled simulation than in uncoupled carbon models2, resulting in a global - mean warming of 5.5 K, as compared to 4 K without the carbon - cycle feedback.

Proposed explanations for the discrepancy include ocean — atmosphere coupling that is too weak in models, insufficient energy cascades from smaller to larger spatial and temporal scales, or that global climate models do not consider slow climate feedbacks related to the carbon cycle or interactions between ice sheets and climate.

He has published research on the carbon cycle of the ocean and the sea floor, at present, in the past, and in the future.

Furthermore, ocean acidification is happening even more quickly in the Arctic, as shown in Stenacher et al. (2009, April), «Imminent ocean acidification in the Arctic projected with the NCAR global coupled carbon cycle - climate model,» http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/515/2009/bg-6-515-2009.pdf (open access):

Based on findings related to oceanic acidity levels during the PETM and on calculations about the cycling of carbon among the oceans, air, plants and soil, Dickens and co-authors Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii and James Zachos of the University of California - Santa Cruz determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased by about 70 percent during the PETM.

eg pg xii To improve our predictive capability, we need: • to understand better the various climate - related processes, particularly those associated with clouds, oceans and the carbon cycle • to improve the systematic observation of climate - related variables on a global basis, and further investigate changes which took place in the past • to develop improved models of the Earth's climate system • to increase support for national and international climate research activities, especially in developing countries • to facilitate international exchange of climate data

There are several feedbacks between decreasing the rate of calcification that organisms do in the ocean, and the carbon cycle.

When we say «positive» and «negative» feedbacks in the sense of radiation (so I'm not talking about carbon - cycle responses such as methane release from the oceans or such) we're referring to temperature - sensitive variables which themselves affect the radiation budget of the planet.

Roger Revelle, one of the pioneering researchers in the study of the human influence on the atmosphere, carbon cycle and climate, gave a prescient lecture on carbon dioxide, climate and the oceans in 1980 that was recorded by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and now surfaces via the Web site Climate Science TV.

Over very long time periods such that the carbon cycle is in equilibrium with the climate, one gets a sensitivity to global temperature of about 20 ppm CO2 / deg C, or 75 ppb CH4 / deg C. On shorter timescales, the sensitivity for CO2 must be less (since there is no time for the deep ocean to come into balance), and variations over the last 1000 years or so (which are less than 10 ppm), indicate that even if Moberg is correct, the maximum sensitivity is around 15 ppm CO2 / deg C. CH4 reacts faster, but even for short term excursions (such as the 8.2 kyr event) has a similar sensitivity.

Like all such research, the study offers a measure of how little we know of the mechanics of life, atmosphere, ocean and rock − and, in particular, the carbon cycle.

It plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle — the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the oceans — and in the buffering of blood and other bodily fluids.

Likely impacts include large - scale disintegration of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice - sheet; the extinction of an estimated 15 — 40 per cent of plant and animal species; dangerous ocean acidification; increasing methane release; substantial soil and ocean carbon - cycle feedbacks; and widespread drought and desertification in Africa, Australia, Mediterranean Europe, and the western USA.

As the deep oceans turn over, on an eight - hundred - year cycle of circulation, they will take the carbon dioxide now in the atmosphere down into Davy Jones's Locker, where it will be of no use to man, beast, or plant life.

Dr. Mathis has worked in Alaska and the Arctic for more than 12 years and has published over 75 research articles on ocean acidification and the carbon cycle.

Individual molecular lifetimes are fairly short, ~ 5 years, cycling in and out of the atmosphere / ocean / biosphere, swapping with carbon there.

They have not only excised the water cycle, and excised rain from the carbon cycle, but have excised the whole atmosphere which is the heavy voluminous fluid ocean of real gas Air weighting a ton on our shoulders and in its place have empty space with imaginary ideal gas molecules travelling under their own molecular momentum at great speeds through this empty space miles apart from each other bouncing off each other in elastic collisions, no attraction, and so «thoroughly mixing».

The regional arrays provide a sampling of ocean conditions around the world that is designed to produce an integrated data set that can be used to address questions related to physical - biogeochemical coupling in eddies, phytoplankton phenology (cyclic and seasonal phenomena), nutrient supply, and climate effects on ocean carbon cycling in selected regions.