Sentences with phrase «in ocean stratification»

A new study says that climate - induced feedback loops could lead to a change in ocean stratification and the more rapid melting of ice sheets.

Not exact matches

If this apparent transformation continues, it may lead to a markedly different ice regime in the Arctic, altering heat and mass exchanges as well as ocean stratification.

The marine geologist and first author of the study explains, «Only in the short southern spring and summer, for just a few months in the year, was there a marked stratification at the ocean's surface.

At that time, changes in atmospheric - oceanic circulation led to a stratification in the ocean with a cold layer at the surface and a warm layer below.

With higher levels of carbon dioxide and higher average temperatures, the oceans» surface waters warm and sea ice disappears, and the marine world will see increased stratification, intense nutrient trapping in the deep Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean) and nutrition starvation in the other oceans.

One legitimate objection could be that they vertically mix heat into the ocean more efficiently than the observations support (Forest [2008], Hansen [2011], & Kuhlbrodt & Gregory [2012]-RRB-, i.e they have weaker - than - observed surface stratification - the black line bulge in Figure 3 (c) in the top 200 metres of ocean.

Possible mechanisms include (vii) changes in ocean temperature (and salinity), (viii) suppression of air - sea gas exchange by sea ice, and (ix) increased stratification in the Southern Oocean temperature (and salinity), (viii) suppression of air - sea gas exchange by sea ice, and (ix) increased stratification in the Southern OceanOcean.

One explanation (ix) conceived in the 1980s invokes more stratification, less upwelling of carbon and nutrient - rich waters to the surface of the Southern Ocean and increased carbon storage at depth during glacial times.

Ice shelves are important, because they play a role in the stability of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and the ice sheet's mass balance, and are important for ocean stratification and bottom water formation; this helps drive the world's thermohaline circulation.

•» According to Zhang (2007) thermal expansion in the lower latitude is unlikely because of the reduced salt rejection and upper - ocean density and the enhanced thermohaline stratification tend to suppress convective overturning, leading to a decrease in the upward ocean heat transport and the ocean heat flux available to melt sea ice.

Warming of the oceans leads to increased vertical stratification (decreased mixing between the different levels in the oceans), which would reduce CO2 uptake, in effect, reducing the oceanic volume available to CO2 absorption from the atmosphere.

There is a potential for both positive and negative feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere, including changes in both the physics (e.g., circulation, stratification) and biology (e.g., export production, calcification) of the ocean.

In essence Zhang proposes that the warming factors reduce the growth of sea ice which reduces ocean overturning allowing increased stratification of the ocean which in turn reduces ocean heat flux available to melt icIn essence Zhang proposes that the warming factors reduce the growth of sea ice which reduces ocean overturning allowing increased stratification of the ocean which in turn reduces ocean heat flux available to melt icin turn reduces ocean heat flux available to melt ice.

The rate of this flux of Atlantic Water heat flux is variable depending on depth of the maximum and overlying stratification (stratification is controlled by salinity in the Arctic Ocean).

The Arctic sea ice, for instance, has timescales of around 5 years to a decade, and so a collapse of summer ice cover could conceivably be reversed in a «cooling world» after only a decade or so (interactions with the Arctic ocean stratification may make that take a little longer though).

(2) upper ocean physical responses, including stratification and turbulent mixing that result in

I understand this is mostly due to the isostatic pressure being the major factor in the ocean's density profile resulting in a lot of stratification.

Advancing the knowledge on the effects of sea ice deformations on upper ocean stratification and ecosystem will have profound implications on our ability to forecast ongoing changes in Arctic Oocean stratification and ecosystem will have profound implications on our ability to forecast ongoing changes in Arctic OceanOcean.

This study specifically considers the role of Antarctic sea ice in shaping deep ocean circulation and stratification, by driving surface buoyancy loss associated with brine rejection (when sea ice forms, salt is pushed into the surrounding seawater, making it denser).

While it is tempting to attribute the unexplained sea ice trends to other factors such as increased upwelling of relatively warm circumpolar deepwater (Thoma et al. 2008), an intensification of the hydrological cycle and increased ocean stratification (Liu and Curry 2010), or eastward propagation of sea ice anomalies (Holland et al. 2005), the observed northerly wind trends (Fig. 5a) are qualitatively consistent with the decrease in sea ice in the 30 ° W — 60 ° W sector.

A warming surface ocean is also likely to increase the density stratification of the water column (i.e., Steinacher et al., 2010), altering the circulation and potentially increasing the isolation of waters in an OMZ from contact with the atmosphere, hence increasing the intensity of the OMZ.

About half of the pCO2 decrease may be due to increased glacial ocean stratification, trapping carbon - rich waters in the deep layers away from the atmosphere (22, 23).

Uncertainty in these projections due to potential future climate change effects on the ocean carbon cycle (mainly through changes in temperature, ocean stratification and marine biological production and re-mineralization; see Box 7.3) are small compared to the direct effect of rising atmospheric CO2 from anthropogenic emissions.

A composite analysis of satellite - based SST measurements reveals that in the tropical region the average strength of the storm - induced sea surface cooling can be explained by the superposition of an effect due to the storm intensity and an effect associated with the translation speed, and implies that the variability of upper ocean stratification may not be an important factor in this region

The answer is in thermal expansion of the ocean waters, which was greater in the early Eocene than in the late Cretaceous, due to greater temperature stratification of ocean water is the early Eocene versus the late Cretaceous.

The warming of the surface of the ocean is thought to increase stratification within the water column, preventing the nutrients in the cool

In addition to this natural variability, humans have perturbed climate by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, which have increased ocean temperatures, water column stratification, hypoxia, and water column anoxia and have decreased surface ocean pH [6], [7].

They will inevitably be affected by the increasing temperatures and thermal stratification of the top layer of the ocean, since these are prime controls on their ecology, although it is not clear whether global warming would result in net increase or decrease of coccolithophores.

As in later eras, Cretaceous warmth led to ocean stratification and anoxia; evidence shows many warm «spikes» accompanied by such anoxic episodes.

Phytoplankton in the ocean's upper layer (that is, the populations observed from space) rely on vertical nutrient transport to sustain productivity, so intensified stratification during a rising MEI period (Fig. 2b) is accompanied closely by decreasing NPP (Fig. 2b)(r2 5 0.73, P, 0.005)

Without upwelling in the tropical ocean the phytoplankton use up the N, P, and Fe in the sunlit layer and these nutrients are not replaced from below because of thermal stratification.

The warming of the surface of the ocean is thought to increase stratification within the water column, preventing the nutrients in the cool deep ocean from rising to the surface.

Decreases in both upwelling and formation of deep water and increased stratification of the upper ocean will reduce the input of essential nutrients into the sunlit regions of oceans and reduce productivity (Cox et al., 2000; Loukos et al., 2003; Lehodey et al., 2003; Sarmiento et al., 2004a).

A quantitative theoretical model of the meridional overturning circulation and associated deep stratification in an interhemispheric, single - basin ocean with a circumpolar channel is presented.