Sentences with phrase «in ocean surfaces»

The researchers are interested in exploring these increases in wind speed to determine if they have a role in slowing down warming in ocean surfaces.

While this is bad news for the planet, it's good news for climate change scientists who have — for the last two decades — puzzled over warming trends in ocean surface temperatures for nearly 20 years.

The sensors, called altimeters, detect very small changes in ocean surface height.

These effects are reflected in the ocean surface, which is generally smooth underneath the weak winds of the wake and rough under the strong winds outside the wake.

The results suggest that the impact of sea ice seems critical for the Arctic surface temperature changes, but the temperature trend elsewhere seems rather due mainly to changes in ocean surface temperatures and atmospheric variability.

Thanks to industrialization, mercury levels in the atmosphere are at least three times higher than they were 150 years ago, and mercury levels in ocean surface waters are higher too.

While centennial increases in ocean surface temperatures have been extensively reported35, 36, global trends in ocean temperature extremes remain largely unexplored.

A deep valley leaves a slight dip in the ocean surface.

The paper he wrote together with Friis - Christensen in which he found a correlation between solar activity and clouds had a «slight» flaw: it ignored that the period of the study coincided with a big El Nino, and that large scale changes in ocean surface temperature are going to have an effect on cloud formation.

This also goes along the lines with what happens if you increase the micro biota in the oceans surface.

This cooling is the result of natural long - term swings in ocean surface temperatures, particularly swings in the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation or mega-El Niño - Southern Oscillation, which has lately been in a mega-La Niña or cool phase.

The pumping can be done with power derived by a heat engine from the solar thermal energy stored in the ocean surface water.

This map shows changes in the amount of aragonite dissolved in ocean surface waters between the 1880s and the most recent decade (2003 - 2012).

A new study released Friday in the journal Science Advances helps clear up a bit of the mystery, by showing that man - made climate change is responsible for most of the change seen in ocean surface temperatures near the equator across Asia, which in turn affect regional rainfall patterns including the Indian monsoon.

In summary, the historical [Sea Surface Temperature] record... may well contain instrumental bias effects that render the data of questionable value in determining long period trends in ocean surface temperatures... Investigators that use the data [to try this] bear a heavy, perhaps impossible, responsibility for ensuring that the potential instrument bias has not contaminated their results.

The variability in ocean surface temperature year to year, decade to decade, century to century result in persistent regimes of droughts and floods.

Posted in News, Pollution, Research Comments Off on Pollution Triples Mercury Levels in Ocean Surface Waters, Study Finds

An increase of 10 % CO2 in the atmosphere gives an increase of 10 % of free CO2 in the ocean surface layer, but only 1 % in total dissolved CO2.

The saturated lapse rate will be reduced beneath the clouds and increased above them with little change in ocean surface temperature.

Henry's Law still holds, as the amount of free CO2 in the water follows the increase in the atmosphere, but free CO2 is less than 1 % of the total amount of carbon in the oceans surface layer, the bulk are bicarbonates and carbonates, which don't follow Henry's Law, but influence the amount of free CO2.

Rising population and over-grazing by livestock was the first theory but studies now show the drought resulted from changes in ocean surface temperatures Folland et al (1986) Giannini et al (2003) which are likely due in part to the sulphate aerosol pollution of Europe and North America Rotstayn & Lohmann (2002) Biasutti & Gainnini (2006) and thus it is the cleaning of emissions from power stations that has likely allowed the rains to return.

A 1C decline in ocean surface temp in 6 years seems an unreasonable prediction unless the sun declines extremely.

Now if Galactic radiation, solar output, and Cloud formations due to changes in those «flows» can be determined to force change in Ocean Surface temps the drive train for our climate may be found...

Not by coincidence, that is the solubilty change of CO2 in ocean surface waters, according to Henry's law.

Changes in ocean surface temperatures caused by El Niño significantly affect where cumulonimbus clouds form in the ITCZ and, therefore, the geographic structure of the Hadley cell.

The higher cloud density near the tropics would result in variation in ocean surface temperatures more in the tropics than in temperature regions.

For more than a decade, researchers have struggled and failed to balance global carbon budgets, which must balance carbon emissions to the atmosphere from fossil fuels (6.3 Pg per year; numbers here from Skee Houghton at Woods Hole Research Center) and land use change (2.2 Pg; deforestation, agriculture etc.) with carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere (3.2 Pg) and the carbon sinks taking carbon out of the atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide dissolving in Ocean surface waters (2.4 Pg).

As, over recent years, a number of ominous indicators pointed toward yet another surge in ocean surface levels.

Thus what you see as wiggles in the increase per year is the direct result of temperature changes in ocean surface and vegetation (for the latter, precipitation also plays a role).

With increased CO2 (partial) pressure in the atmosphere, according to Henry's Law, the same increase in CO2 pressure in the ocean surface must occur to reach a new equilibrium.

Shifts in ocean surface temperature mirror the changes in temperature trajectory precisely.

This further complicates any attribution of trends in surface pH. For example upwelling of stored CO2 is believed to have been the main driver of the rise in atmospheric CO2 and the fall in ocean surface pH during the transition from the glacial maximum to our interglacial.

Tides are responsible for large changes in ocean surface height and in ocean currents that help set the rate at which ice melts.

One can calculate an area weighted average for the oceans, as was done by Feely e.a. over all seasons (which gives average 7 µatm more in the atmosphere than in the ocean surface).

FL is the human fraction in the ocean surface layer and tCA total carbon and nCA natural carbon in the atmosphere.

The models were then «calibrated» using changes in ocean surface temperatures.

That is what the temperature sensors record as an increase in ocean surface temperature when IR increases such as when a cloud passes over (just like CO2, clouds re-radiate energy downwards to the surface).

The resulting change to sulphur in the ocean surface layer alters the pH of the layer.

Including a match with other observations like the mass balance, the 13C / 12C and 14C / 12C trends, the oxygen balance, the increase of carbon species in the ocean surface and vegetation, etc...

In short: the oceans can't be the cause of the increase, by Henry's Law and because the 13C / 12C ratio is higher than in the atmosphere while we see a continuous drop in ratio both in the ocean surface layer and the atmosphere in ratio with human emissions.

There are a number of inter-decadal and multi-decadal cyclical patterns observable in the climate system, particularly in ocean surface temperatures.

Similarly the oceans are excluded, as the 13C / 12C ratio of the oceans is too high, thus any substantial release of ocean CO2 would increase the 13C / 12C ratio, but we see a decrease, as well as in the atmosphere as in the ocean surface layer:

In the ocean the surface layer is cooler because it loses heat by evaporation, radiation upward and conduction to the air.

There is an equilibrium of CO2 concentration in the air and in the ocean surface layer.

That the slowdown in surface warming has been concentrated in the ocean - surface (and shallow - ocean) temperatures has led a number of scientists (including the Met Office) to posit that the pause in ocean surface warming may be driven in part by increased heat uptake in the deep ocean.

What do we learn about the surface currents and variability in the ocean surface from global satellite data?

The significant increase in ocean surface temperatures is likely to make 2015 the warmest year ever to be recorded.

These fluctuations cause changes in ocean surface temperature that in turn affect Earth's overall climate.

Drawing a parallel with progress in understanding human perturbations to the carbon cycle, our approach in assessing anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH is to separate the regulation of pH in ocean surface waters into two modes — regulation in the pre-disturbance Holocene ocean and anthropogenic processes regulating pH — with the interplay between both components acting to regulate seawater pH in the Anthropocene.

0.2 C, 0.3 C, and 0.4 C short term rises in ocean surface temperature from oscillations create huge plumes of atmospheric water vapor.