The INITIAL cause of the warming was a change
in orbital parameters.
The Milankovich cycles (variations
in orbital parameters of the Earth) regulate the ice ages («pacemakers» Imbrie called them) by controlling insolation above 65 degrees N latitude.
The current understanding of those cycles is that changes
in orbital parameters (the Milankovich and other cycles) caused greater amounts of summer sunlight to fall in the northern hemisphere.
[Response: I presumed you meant short term variations
in the orbital parameters (which we don't include).
The response of that model to volcanic forcings, the last ice age, changes
in orbital parameters etc. are all «out - of - sample» tests that are not fixed by adjusting parameters.
By comparing dynamical simulations with non-interacting Keplerian orbits, we concluded that neglecting interactions between planets may lead to systematic errors that could hamper the precision
in the orbital parameters when the dataset spans several years.
«Step back and think about this: Small variations
in the orbital parameters of the Earth — tilt and eccentricity and wobble — are recorded on the sea floor,» says Richard Katz, a geodynamicist at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom and a co-author of the Science paper.
Now it's been confirmed after more observations that reduced the number of errors
in the orbital parameters.
Not exact matches
The now hyper - arid Sahara desert was characterized by a lush extent of grass and consequently reduced dust emission due to changes
in Earth's
orbital parameters.
Kane and his colleagues were able to confirm its extreme eccentricity and the rest of its
orbital parameters as part of the Transit Ephemeris Refinement and Monitoring Survey (TERMS), a project led by Kane to detect extrasolar planets as they pass
in front of their stars.
«Human influence is so dominant now,» Baker asserts, «that whatever is going to go on
in the tropics has much less to do with sea surface temperatures and the earth's
orbital parameters and much more to do with deforestation, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and global warming.»
Kepler, which will keep a continuous watch on a patch of stars for more than three years, is better suited to finding planets like our own
in terms of
orbital periods as well as other
parameters, although it will likely be a few years before it moves from the hot objects it has already discovered to cooler, potentially habitable worlds, whose transits are subtler and less frequent.
Through ACCESS, we are compiling a library of exoplanet transmission spectra, which will ultimately enable us and the wider exoplanet atmosphere community to study trends
in the atmospheric properties of exoplanets as they relate to the exoplanets» masses, radii, and
orbital parameters.
«What we show
in our paper is that we escaped the glacial inception naturally, thanks to a proper combination of Earth's
orbital parameters and natural CO2 concentration.»
It is believed that the PETM was likely initiated by changes of the
orbital parameters of the Earth (eccentricity, obliquity and precession of axis) causing an increase
in the intensity and distribution of solar radiation reaching the earth (Sexton et al, 2011).
While Milankovitch forcing predicts that cyclic changes
in the Earth's
orbital parameters can be expressed
in the glaciation record, additional explanations are necessary to explain which cycles are observed to be most important
in the timing of glacial — interglacial periods.
About 70 % of the planet candidates
in the CoRoT IRa01 field are best fit with an impact
parameter of b > 0.85, while less than 15 % are expected
in this range considering random
orbital inclinations.
Other ideas have been suggested, but current thinking is still that it is related to the
orbital parameters in some way.
Recent modelling work provides strong support for the important role of variations
in the Earth's
orbital parameters in generating long - term climate variability.
Interesting — I just (last night) emailed
[email protected], offering to become involved here, and mentioned the conclusion of the Loutre and Berger paper, that
orbital forcing
parameters will next be conducive to widespread polar ice accumulation
in about 60,000 years.
Just a quick note to say that the paleoclimate data for earlier warm periods 125,000 years ago and even 8 - 10,000 years ago
in northern Alaska (paleoclimate warmer than now, [from] different forcings) document the northward advance of the treeline from Nome to Barrow, Alaska, and the Canadian border at different times of change
in Earth's
orbital parameters (without a significant change
in CO2).
The last 10
in a row glacial cycles were paced by
orbital parameters of gas giant planets.
Short term solar cycles of the 27 day rotation periods, due to the polarity shifts
in magnetic flux changes
in the solar wind, The moon has a North / South declinational component as part of it's set of
orbital parameters.
In the case of the 100 kyr ice age cycles, that forcing is high northern latitude summer insolation driven by predictable changes in Earth's orbital and rotational parameters — aka, Milankovitch theory — which has the intial effect of melting glaciers, thereby reducing albedo at those latitude
In the case of the 100 kyr ice age cycles, that forcing is high northern latitude summer insolation driven by predictable changes
in Earth's orbital and rotational parameters — aka, Milankovitch theory — which has the intial effect of melting glaciers, thereby reducing albedo at those latitude
in Earth's
orbital and rotational
parameters — aka, Milankovitch theory — which has the intial effect of melting glaciers, thereby reducing albedo at those latitudes.
Regular variation
in the Earth's
orbital parameters has been identified as the pacemaker of climate change on the glacial to interglacial time scale (see Berger, 1988 for a review).
Over several centuries, it may be possible to observe the effect of these
orbital parameters, however for the prediction of climate change
in the 21st century, these changes will be far less important than radiative forcing from greenhouse gases.»