Sentences with phrase «in orbitofrontal cortex»

Encoding predicted outcome and acquired value in orbitofrontal cortex during cue sampling depends upon input from basolateral amygdala

Neural encoding in orbitofrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala during olfactory discrimination learning

Finger EC, Marsh AA, Blair KS, Reid ME, Sims C, Ng P. Disrupted reinforcement signaling in the orbitofrontal cortex and caudate in youths with conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder and a high level of psychopathic traits.

Matthew Boersma - «Anticipatory neuronal firing in the orbitofrontal cortex in rats» (Advisor: S. Ramus)

Moreover, the study showed that at the time when the visual stimulus was presented, patterns of fMRI activity in the orbitofrontal cortex encoded the identity of the odor that was expected.

Presumably, dopamine is released at the neuron's axon terminal in the orbitofrontal cortex where it updates the identity information.

Further analyses showed that identity expectations in the orbitofrontal cortex changed proportionally to the size of responses in the midbrain.

This is the first paper to show its role in encoding identity errors and how those are used to update expectations in the orbitofrontal cortex.

When people drank fructose, the food images produced more activity in the orbitofrontal cortex than when they consumed glucose.

The MRI scans showed that obese subjects with binge eating disorder have lower grey matter volumes — a measure of the number of neurons — in the orbitofrontal cortex and striatum of the brain compared to those who do not binge eat; these brain regions are involved in keeping track of goals and rewards.

Subjects with the greatest reduction of the unpleasantness of the pain — which is what most people care about — exhibited the greatest activation of regions in the orbitofrontal cortex and the largest reduction in the thalamus (gating the incoming sensory information).

Those with mutations had a significantly lower volume of grey matter in their orbitofrontal cortex (Archives of General Psychiatry, vol 63, p 844).

One patch was in the orbitofrontal cortex, which evaluates emotions and social behaviors.

Not exact matches

Some of the regions that process emotion are already present in infants» brains at birth — the amygdala, hypothalamus, insula, cingulate cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex.

It turns out that if someone is actively craving cocaine, or if you expose an addict to stimuli that remind the addict of cocaine and activate the craving, what you are doing is increasing activity in an area of the prefrontal cortex called the orbitofrontal cortex.

Previous work has suggested that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a part of the brain involved in making predictions, might have a role in decision confidence.

He also saw smaller orbitofrontal cortices in obese individuals, important for impulse control and also involved in feeding behaviour (Brain Research, in press).

The scientists found that an area in the lower frontal lobe, the so - called orbitofrontal cortex, exhibited smaller volumes in the healthy individuals that reported that they have problems with regulating emotions.

An additional comparison of this study group with adults with anorexia nervosa and a healthy control group supported greater orbitofrontal cortex and insula volumes in the disorder across this age group as well.

The deactivation of specific PFC regions significantly altered the performance of the animals: The inhibition of regions in the infralimbic cortex (IL) or the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) impeded the ability of the rats to react to external signals.

These insights support the hypothesis that the infralimbic cortex and the prelimbic cortex play an opposing role to that of the orbitofrontal cortex: While the IL and the PL direct proactive behavior in reaction to external signals, the OFC controls reactive behavior.

Redish and Steiner implanted minute electrodes into a brain region associated with regret in monkeys and humans, called the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC).

After an eight - minute training period, the subjects showed heightened levels of activity in areas known to be part of the brain's reward circuitry, the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), associated with the pictures alone.

They found that compassion training increased activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum, areas associated with love and reward; empathy training increased activity in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex, typically involved in registering another's pain.

Specifically, the degu pups raised without fathers had fewer synapses in both the orbitofrontal cortex and the somatosensory cortex.

Researchers also used imaging techniques to look at two regions of the participants» brains — the insula and orbitofrontal cortex — known to be involved in salty taste.

This study is the first to demonstrate the involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in this process.

She found that 50 - minute cell phone calls increased metabolism in the regions closest to the phone antenna — specifically, the orbitofrontal cortex and temporal pole, which are involved in sensory integration, language, decision making, and social and emotional processing.

We found enhanced activity in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex [rACC; MNI space coordinates (x, y, z): — 6, 41, 22; Z = 3.85; P < 0.0005] and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mObfc; 6, 49, — 19; Z = 3.42; P < 0.0005), ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC; 13, 32, — 14; Z = 4.56; P < 0.0005 uncorrected), and the vmPFC -LRB--- 4, 39, — 13; Z = 3.48; P < 0.0005).

The researchers think that a junk diet causes lasting changes in the reward circuit parts of the rats» brain, for example, the orbitofrontal cortex, an area of the brain responsible for decision - making.

It emerged that theta activity increased in response to near - misses relative to other losses in brain regions such as insula and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which was linked to gambling severity.

Notable, areas in the medial orbitofrontal region and the anterior cingulate cortex, which are relevant for self - referential appraisal and aesthetic judgments, were found to be activated during the listening.

Compared with healthy controls, those who had Tourette's exhibited more activity in the premotor cortex and cerebellum, regions that handle motor control, and less activity in the striatum and orbitofrontal cortex, areas involved in decision making and learning.

For the imaging results, we discovered that positive reward was encoded in the ventral striatum and negative reward elicited higher activity in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex.

Specialized value updating and goal selection areas in the primate orbitofrontal cortex.

Specifically, individuals diagnosed with major depression have smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes (34,35), structural and morphological changes in the prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex (22), and basal ganglia structures (6).

At least, that's what Kahnt knows now, based on his new Northwestern Medicine study about how neurons in the midbrain encode errors in our identity expectations and how the orbitofrontal cortex updates them.

Claire Discenza - «Interactions between the hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex in rat long - term declarative memory» (Advisor: S. Ramus)

In humans, scientists have identified a region called the orbitofrontal cortex that is more active in OCD subjectIn humans, scientists have identified a region called the orbitofrontal cortex that is more active in OCD subjectin OCD subjects.

In humans, the orbitofrontal cortex is active during expressions of regret, and humans with damage to the orbitofrontal cortex do not express regret.

While these decisions were being made, activity in 3 brain areas was measured: the area where the pros and cons are weighed in decision - making processes called the orbitofrontal cortex; the area where generosity and prosocial behavior are processed called the temporoparietal junction; and the happiness associated area called the ventral striatum.

On the structural side, individuals who are perceived as having an online game addiction show significant gray matter atrophy in various areas of the brain (right orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral insula, and right supplementary motor area) once examined on brain MRI studies.

«When tired, participants showed greater brain activity in two areas involved in olfaction — the piriform cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex — in response to food smells than they did when well rested.

Neural regions expressed in human OCD include the orbitofrontal cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate circuit, the basal ganglia and the thalamus [18] and also the amygdala [19].

Patients with damage to orbitofrontal cortex, the amygdala, or both, are often vulnerable to scams, bad business deals, and exploitative relationships, a vulnerability that may be affected by deficits in specific aspects of social cognition (45, 47).

Olfactory neuronal responses in the primate orbitofrontal cortex: Analysis in an olfactory discrimination task

Conduct - disordered youth exhibit a decreased dopamine response to reward and increased risk - taking behaviors related to abnormally disrupted frontal activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbitofrontal cortices (OFC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) that worsens over time due to dysphoria activation of brain stress systems and increases in corticotropin - releasing factor (CRF).

For example, the uncinate fasciculus is a white - matter tract connecting the amygdala and neighbouring anterior temporal lobe with the orbitofrontal cortex and it thus may be involved in facilitating empathy, emotion regulation and socio - cognitive processes [150].

Orbitofrontal cortex tracks positive mood in mothers viewing pictures of their newborn infants

In the following sections we will review structural and functional neuroanatomical evidence derived from healthy participants as well as those with aggressive behaviour (e.g. conduct problems, CD, ODD) for the key areas implicated here (orbitofrontal and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, insula, cingulate cortex, amygdala).