Sentences with phrase «in ozone destruction»

Aircraft emissions probably play a crucial role in ozone destruction by fuelling the formation of polar stratospheric clouds.

This air contained the chlorine compounds implicated in ozone destruction.

The concentration of pollutants such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) represents one key factor in ozone destruction, but weather conditions impact the hole as well.

«Anytime you introduce even initially unreactive surfaces into the stratosphere, you get reactions that ultimately result in ozone destruction as they are coated with sulfuric acid,» said Keutsch.

Not exact matches

Global warming, the ozone hole, overpopulation, starvation and malnutrition, war, unemployment, the destruction of species and the rain forests, pollution of water and air, pesticide and herbicide poisoning, errors in genetic engineering, erosion of topsoil, overfishing, anarchy and crime, the possibility of a nuclear mishap, chemical warfare or all - out nuclear war: together, or in some cases singly, these dangers threaten to «catch us unexpectedly, like a trap.»

We have, for example, already taken some measures to deal with one of the probable causes of the growing holes in the ozone layer, and to reverse the destruction of European forests by acid rain.

On the contrary, the use of currently recommended photochemical parameters leads to insufficient ozone destruction in the model.

Recently, additional ozone production mechanisms have been proposed to resolve the ozone deficit problem, which arises from greater ozone destruction than production in several photochemical models of the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere.

Sunshine in the southern spring and summer creates even more ozone - depleting gases, leading to the massive destruction of up to 65 percent of the ozone layer.

At a hearing before the House of Representatives Science Committee last week, John Doolittle, a Republican from California, said that research implicating CFCs in the destruction of ozone is «very much open to debate», and there is «no established consensus» on the role of CFCs.

In addition, particles of these clouds may descend and withdraw reactive nitrogen from the chlorine - activated layer — active chlorine is one of the substances mainly responsible for ozone destruction.

The formation of large areas of high pressure in the lower atmosphere both lowers ozone levels, by squeezing the ozone layer above, and may provide the very cold conditions in which ozone destruction is greatest.

«More specifically, different colors (or wavelengths) of ultraviolet light can affect oxygen and ozone production and destruction in different ways.»

NASA's upper atmosphere research satellite, for example, carries the British - made microwave limb sounder (MLS) which measures concentrations of chlorine monoxide — a chemical that plays a critical part in the destruction of ozone.

«These extra particles may enhance the heterogeneous reactions, leading to ozone destruction, and this ozone depletion above Antarctica may worsen in 1992 by spreading to altitudes beyond the 12 to 20 kilometres layer.»

And in the lower stratosphere, where the ozone destruction is concentrated, this figure may rise to 60 per cent.

It's formula is C21H27FO6, making it a hydrofluorocarbon — a category of compounds perhaps best known for replacing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) when their role in the destruction of the ozone layer was discovered.

-- The Administrator may promulgate regulations to add to the list of class I and class II, group I, substances that may be destroyed for destruction offset credits, taking into account a candidate substance's carbon dioxide equivalent value, ozone depletion potential, prevalence in banks in the United States, and emission rates, as well as the need for additional cost containment under the class II, group II cap and the integrity of the class II, group II cap.

«Free oxygen [O2] in the atmosphere is required to form a protective layer of ozone [O3], which can shield methane from photochemical destruction,» Reinhard said.

Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are a sign of extremely cold temperatures in the stratosphere and some types of PSCs are responsible for ozone destruction.

The chemical balance in the stratosphere is changed significantly by the presence of these clouds, altering the breakdown products from manmade CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) so that rapid chemical ozone destruction can occur in the presence of sunlight.

Our consumer behavior is immersed in a fatalistic dynamic with a destiny to climate change (deforestation, loss of biodiversity, ozone, etc.), and our own self - destruction as a species.

Comment on 13: I fully agree with Markus Rex that total ozone measurements can not give any clues on chemical destruction in isolated layers, and that we may have been lucky that O3 transport cancelled out the chemical thinning that happened during the last months.

«If left unregulated, rocket launches by the year 2050 could result in more ozone destruction than was ever realized by CFCs.»

The chemical balance in the stratosphere is changed significantly by the presence of these clouds, altering the breakdown products from manmade CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) so that rapid chemical ozone destruction can occur in the presence of sunlight.

There is nothing «natural» about these extremes of weather over the last 2 years, or about the unprecedented ozone hole in the Arctic last year (troposphere warming from greenhouse gases caused stratospheric cooling to below threshold temperature for polar stratospheric cloud generation and ozone destruction).

An example of this kind of surprise happened in relation to the Antarctic ozone hole, where unexpected chemistry on surfaces of ice particles lead to much more efficient destruction of ozone in the polar vortex than had been expected, making an existing concern into a serious problem.

In the upper stratosphere (beyond the protection of the ozone layer), ultraviolet light caused CFCs to break apart, releasing chlorine, a very reactive atom that repeatedly catalyzes ozone destruction.

The destruction of the ozone layer (most directly linked to the ongoing geoengineering assault) is also a massive contributing factor in regard to coral bleaching and the global die - off in general.

Note that although my original article referred primarily to solar protons I have since decided that the «culprit» is changes in the mix of all particles and wavelengths from the sun in so far as they affect the ozone creation / destruction process differentially at different heights in the atmosphere.

Chemical ozone destruction occurs over both polar regions in local winter — spring.

Here we demonstrate that chemical ozone destruction over the Arctic in early 2011 was — for the first time in the observational record — comparable to that in the Antarctic ozone hole.

Scientists monitoring the highest levels of the atmosphere say they have detected a slowing in the rate of destruction of Earth» s protective veil of ozone, the first sign that the phasing out of chemicals that harm the ozone layer is having a restorative effect.

In colder years, more ice particles will freeze, allowing more chemical destruction of the ozone layer.

The number of particles that form, and therefore the amount of chemical ozone destruction, is extremely sensitive to small changes in stratospheric temperature.

«A new mechanism accounts for the catalytic destruction of ozone in the absence of oxygen atoms.9 Rapid ozone loss begins as the first rays of sunlight illuminate the vortex in spring.

«The sun causes latitudinal climate zone shifting with changes in the degree of jetstream zonality / meridionality by altering the ozone creation / destruction balance differentially at different heights above the tropopause.

Requires the EPA Administrator to promulgate regulations establishing a program for the issuance of offset credits that: (1) ensure that such offset credits represent verifiable and additional GHG emission reductions or avoidance, or increases in sequestration; (2) ensure that offset credits issued for sequestration offset projects are only issued for GHG reductions that are permanent; and (3) include as reductions in GHGs reductions achieved through the destruction of methane and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) or other ozone depleting substances.

Note that the inversion at the tropopause is entirely a result of ozone reacting with incoming solar radiation and particles so any change in the ozone creation / destruction balance is going to affect the air circulation below the tropopause.

«(5) include as reductions in greenhouse gases reductions achieved through the destruction of methane and its conversion to carbon dioxide, and reductions achieved through destruction of chlorofluorocarbons or other ozone depleting substances, if permitted by the Administrator under section 619 (b)(9) and subject to the conditions specified in section 619 (b)(9), based on the carbon dioxide equivalent value of the substance destroyed.

-- The Administrator may promulgate regulations to add to the list of class I and class II, group I, substances that may be destroyed for destruction offset credits, taking into account a candidate substance's carbon dioxide equivalent value, ozone depletion potential, prevalence in banks in the United States, and emission rates, as well as the need for additional cost containment under the class II, group II cap and the integrity of the class II, group II cap.

The ozone formation - destruction process in the stratosphere occurs rapidly and constantly, maintaining an ozone layer.

Effectively she appears to at least confirm the possibility of my proposition that what is going on is an entirely natural solar induced process (destruction of ozone in the upper atmosphere by more incoming solar protons) which casts doubt on all previous assumptions concerning human CO2 AND CFCs.

The focus is the EPP Indirect Effect (IE), whereby NOx produced in the mesosphere or thermosphere via EPP (EPP - NOx) descends to the stratosphere during the polar winter, where it can participate in catalytic ozone destruction.

The destruction of the ozone layer in the atmosphere and the global greenhouse effect contribute in the occurrence of this phenomenon.

It was only in the 1980's, with the confirmation of the destruction of the ozone layer, that the criticism took form as an undeniable proof that humanity is able to cause dramatic changes to the planet.

The result was a shock: at least 60 % of ozone destruction at the poles seems to be due to an unknown mechanism, Rex told a meeting of stratosphere researchers in Bremen, Germany, last week....

Countries agreed to end their production of the substances ultimately responsible for destruction of the ozone in 1987 with the Montreal Protocol.

Later in the early summer as temperatures warm, the reaction slows down and the destruction of Ozone stops.

In fact, when asked to name problems facing the nation, Americans would think of pollution of drinking water, the ozone hole, or the destruction of tropical forests ahead of global warming.