These effects appear to be linked to progranulin's involvement
in phagocytosis, a type of cellular house - keeping whereby cells «eat» other dead cells, debris, and large molecules.
The small GTPase Rac is a key factor known to be involved
in phagocytosis and cell migration in mammals and has been shown to be essential for hemocyte migration within the embryo [29], [30].
Even more notable, Loki has genes that code for proteins involved
in phagocytosis, the process by which one cell can swallow another — and widely believed to be the way eukaryotes acquired mitochondria, a cell's power source.
Not exact matches
Mutations
in two nonessential genes specifically block the
phagocytosis of cells programmed to die during development.
Since a protein called Rac1 is essential for normal milk production, as well as
phagocytosis in immune cells, Nasreen Akhtar at the University of Sheffield and her colleagues wondered whether it might also be involved
in this breast remodelling.
Besides triggering
phagocytosis, Rac1 also seems to keep dying cells tethered to the alveoli for longer, possibly encouraging their neighbours to engulf them rather than leaving it to immune cells
in the breast ducts.
Blocking the mechanisms involved
in other methods of cell death including apoptosis and
phagocytosis did not disrupt the process, confirming that entosis operates
in a different way.
This may be of particular importance
in the ageing lung as pulmonary infections are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality
in the elderly, as discussed by Boe et al. 11 Innate cells appear to have reduced TLR signalling via MAPK and NFƙB resulting
in reduced inflammatory cytokine production as well as altered chemotaxis responses, decreased
phagocytosis and antigen presentation capacity.
They found that the interaction of the C3dg fragments on affected erythrocytes and the binding domain for CR3 on immune cells can lead to
phagocytosis and the rupturing of red blood cells
in PNH patients.
Detection of gene repertoires related to ecological functions (
phagocytosis, organic matter degradation, membrane transporters, meiosis)
in different lineages of heterotrophic microeukaryotes.
MicroRNA - 34a - mediated down - regulation of the microglial - enriched triggering receptor and
phagocytosis - sensor TREM2
in age - related macular degeneration.
Impaired
phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages
in chronic granulomatous disease is reversed by IFN - γ
in a nitric oxide - dependent manner.
The main mechanism includes
phagocytosis of macrophages which play a critical role
in nonspecific defense (innate immunity) and, moreover; they have a role as antigen presenters which also help initiate specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) by recruiting other immune cells such as lymphocytes.
Toll - like receptor signalling
in macrophages links the autophagy pathway to
phagocytosis.
In addition, they put other parts of the immune system on alert and function as a clean - up crew, recognizing invading pathogens and gobbling them up, a process known as
phagocytosis.
(A) Confocal images showing
phagocytosis of isolated FITC - labelled porcine photoreceptor outer segments (POS — green) by iPS - RPE
in culture.
Phagocytosis of fluorescently labelled photoreceptor outer segments (green) by iPS - RPE cells
in vitro.
Immunocyctochemistry was also used to assess
phagocytosis of host outer segments
in vivo.
The extracts also induce
phagocytosis, which is the process
in which certain cells engulf bacteria, dead cell tissues or other solid particles.
The allicin
in garlic activates white blood cells and triggers
phagocytosis, making garlic an incredibly powerful immune booster.
Garlic is thought to increase immune cells and strengthen them by inducing
phagocytosis and promoting the activity of macrophages, which encourages white blood cells to fight infection and foreign organisms
in the body.