Sentences with phrase «in polar regions»

In polar regions in the winter, some of these cells presumably could be at the surface.

The basic thermohaline circulation is one of sinking of cold water in the polar regions, chiefly in the northern North Atlantic and near Antarctica.

The climate engineeres became very active in the polar regions immediately after the end of WWll, historical data confirms this fact.

Smaller lapse rates than the stability limit are possible and do occur in polar regions.

Other dimensions of vulnerability include general regional vulnerabilities to impacts (e.g., in polar regions), lack of economic diversification and fragile urban infrastructures.

Sea surfaces are also being chemically nucleated in the polar regions.

Sea ice albedo feedbacks amplify climate impacts in the polar regions.

More recent documentation (Hansen et al. 2010) compares alternative analyses and addresses questions about perception and reality of global warming; various choices for the ocean data are tested; it is also shown that global temperature change is sensitive to estimated temperature change in polar regions, where observations are limited.

From a report described on the IPY (International Polar Year) site dated 2/25/09: «Snow and ice are declining in both polar regions, affecting human livelihoods as well as local plant and animal life in the Arctic, as well as global ocean and atmospheric circulation and sea level.»

Furthermore, increases in the Brewer - Dobson circulation increase temperatures adiabatically in the polar regions and decrease temperatures adiabatically in the tropics.

Marine mammals living in the polar regions rely on sea ice, and continuing reductions in the amount of ice will harm populations of seals, walruses, and polar bears.

There is abundant and significant evidence that most of the cryospheric components in polar regions and in mountains are undergoing generalised shrinkage in response to warming, and that their effects in the environment and in human activities are already detectable.

Reports of the breaking up of Antarctic ice shelves and other signs of actual current warming in polar regions begin affecting public opinion.

Increased warming in the polar regions is an old prediction of AGW models; prediction is now reality.

This can be seen in the output of GCMs and one can also see why this is roughly the case since the time scale of decay should be approximately the amount of time it takes to melt a square meter of glacier ice with the forcing change that would result from a loss of a square meter of ice in polar regions.

There has been a growing interest in the polar regions in recent years, fuelled by concerns about amplification of anthropogenic climate change.

«A surprisingly large temperature response is caused by a surprisingly small amount of impurities in snow in polar regions.»

Shown below, this «vortex» is a large counterclockwise - rotating airflow that occurs in the middle troposphere to the stratosphere, centered in the polar regions.

Cold water sinks readily in polar regions, as the surface water tends to be closer to freezing, as well as being fresher from ice melt, and therefore less dense than the inflowing currents, which are in turn are rendered more saline by the fresh water freezing out.

So I believe it is to be expected that long term variations in the polar regions, should be out of phase, at least as regards, the axis wobble.

But cooling is unlikely in the polar regions because sunlight which gets past the clouds is probably reflected by snow and ice anyway.

China Daily: China plans to increase its presence in Antarctica with two more research stations, an official in charge of the country's scientific programs in the polar regions said on Tuesday.

Some of the highlights of the first day were the intervention of Lewis Pugh, UN Patron of the Oceans, live from the Antarctica who analysed the unprecedented speed of climate change in the polar regions, pollution of the waters and the dangerous sea level rise.

The map in the lower right is the difference between 2017 and 2015 temperatures, revealing that 2017 was notably warmer than 2015 in the polar regions.

General circulation models predict that global warming over the next few decades will occur mainly in the polar regions.

This trend is a major sign of climate change in the polar regions and may be an indicator of the effects of global warming.

Regionally that is an issue and the guys quoting «unprecedented» anything in the polar regions are blowing smoke.

In 1946 British physicists Alan Brewer and Gordon Dobson [3] devised a model of very slow, convective, stratospheric ozone transport from the equator to the poles (Fig 1), explaining why more ozone is found in polar regions than near the equator where more solar radiation occurs.

There may be aspects of Joule heating from solar wind coupling in the polar regions that are poorly understood.

The most significant changes in the new D - series cloud datasets are: 1) revised radiance calibrations to remove spurious changes in the long - term record, 2) increased cirrus detection sensitivity over land, 3) increased low - level cloud detection sensitivity in polar regions, 4) reduced biases in cirrus cloud properties using an ice crystal microphysics model in place of a liquid droplet microphysics model, and 5) increased detail about the variations of cloud properties.

Another pathway even less studied is caused by the energetic particle rain at polar regions, where HOₓ and NOₓ chemical species are created in the polar regions of the thermosphere and mesosphere and transported down to the stratosphere where they destroy ozone.

The insolation variation in the polar regions is very strong.

Climate change signals are amplified in polar regions and indicators, such as the collapse of ice shelves and melting of sea ice, have raised public awareness of the consequences of a warming world.

So we are looking for a signal of warming and amplification in the polar regions.

Temperatures soared, and tropical plants grew in polar regions.

Also, as far as temperature changes across the year are concerned, in the polar regions right at the surface, the main warming will be in the winter months.

US CLIVAR is engaging the polar and cryosphere science community to jointly develop strategies to better understand and improve model performance in simulating climate in the polar regions and its global impacts.

there were no trees in polar regions back then and rainforests were grasslands due to the cooler climate.

Do not forget, that the «greenhouse» theory expects the strongest warming in polar regions, since dry air holds only a little of water vapor and increase of CO2 should intensify the «greenhouse» effect very vividly.

Similar increase to surface cooling by evapouration can be expected — but to a lesser degree — wherever there is surface moisture except in polar regions.

Ice melt is not such a good indicator — only occurs a few months a year in the polar regions where most of it is, and sea ice is subject to motion.

In addition, because of the complexities of climate and environment, it is quite possible to plausibly explain away apparently contradictory results, for instance that higher temperatures may result in increased snowfall in the polar regions.

T0 can be taken as more or less constant near 255 K while P0 is latitude dependent near 400 mbar at the equator, and near the ground in the polar regions (as there there is very little water vapour and the optical thickness of the air on most of the thermal infrared spectrum is low).

Climate change is pushing temperatures up most rapidly in the polar regions and left the extent of Arctic sea ice at 1.79 million square miles at the end of the summer melt season.

NASA's Operation IceBridge monitors ice thickness in polar regions using instrument - laden aircraft during a break between satellite observations from 2009 to 2016.

Coastal stability in polar regions is affected by factors common to all areas (exposure, relative sea - level change, climate and lithology), and by factors specific to the high latitudes (low temperatures, ground ice and sea ice).

Visually the correspondence looks good, but one should note that the substantial deviations occur in the polar regions.

It is also because angle of incidence in the polar regions is so low compared with the other regions of the world.

For example, reductions in seasonal sea ice cover and higher surface temperatures may open up new habitat in polar regions for some important fish species, such as cod, herring, and pollock.128 However, continued presence of cold bottom - water temperatures on the Alaskan continental shelf could limit northward migration into the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea off northwestern Alaska.129, 130 In addition, warming may cause reductions in the abundance of some species, such as pollock, in their current ranges in the Bering Sea131and reduce the health of juvenile sockeye salmon, potentially resulting in decreased overwinter survival.132 If ocean warming continues, it is unlikely that current fishing pressure on pollock can be sustained.133 Higher temperatures are also likely to increase the frequency of early Chinook salmon migrations, making management of the fishery by multiple user groups more challenging.134

The amount of energy reflected in the polar regions is much less because the angle of the Sun.