In all calculations of A, TA,, and of the radiative flux components, the presence or absence of clouds was ignored; the calculations refer only to the greenhouse gas components of the atmosphere registered
in the radiosonde data; we call this the quasi-all-sky protocol.
In all calculations of A, TA, t A, and of the radiative flux components, the presence or absence of clouds was ignored; the calculations refer only to the greenhouse gas components of the atmosphere registered
in the radiosonde data; we call this the quasi-all-sky protocol.
And, it is understood that the trends
in the radiosonde data are artifacts due to instrumentation that was never designed to look at trends of this sort.
Inhomogeneities
in radiosonde data have also been discussed here in the past: e.g. Leopold in the Sky with Diamonds.
If
in the radiosonde data water vapor amount has declined it the past 60 years globally (as the 2010 paper Fig 9 shows), this might also mean that more water in the air is there in clouds as ice.
Even when Douglass et al was written, those authors were aware that there were serious biases
in the radiosonde data (they had been reported in Sherwood et al, 2005 and elsewhere), and that there were multiple attempts to objectively address the problems and to come up with more homogeneous analyses.
The errors
in the radiosonde data are systematic, not random.
Not exact matches
«Using more recent
data and better analysis methods we have been able to re-examine the global weather balloon network, known as
radiosondes, and have found clear indications of warming
in the upper troposphere,» said lead author ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science Chief Investigator Prof Steve Sherwood.
Using U.S. Weather Service
data on precipitation,
radiosonde measurements of CAPE and lightning - strike counts from the National Lightning Detection Network at the University of Albany, State University of New York (UAlbany), they concluded that 77 percent of the variations
in lightning strikes could be predicted from knowing just these two parameters.
In the upper - air field, this difference of approach has been very obvious, and great efforts have been expended to produce corrections to the older
radiosonde data sets.
Even more, if their homogeneization procedure mostly affects the
radiosondes data in the NH, where more measuring points exist and less of a homogeneization problem would be expected?
There is evidence
in satellite and
radiosonde data and
in observational
data for poleward expansion of the tropical circulation by as much as a few degrees of latitude since the 1970s [34]--[35], but natural variability may have contributed to that expansion [36].
Another question: Have the proposed homogeneization procedures been used also to see if
radiosondes data in the remaining NH or SH need a correction as well?
This implies that a typical
radiosonde data set has only a 10.4 — 10.6 % chance of being that far below the model predictions,
in the absence of systematic deviations.
I understood from the beginning that each
radiosonde data set involves systematic differences
in the way the
data is processed.
In fact, their correction hardly affects
radiosondes data for the lower troposphere between 30S - 30N, where the homogeneization problem is supposed to be.
But it is also true that transforming the latitude
data of the individual
radiosondes so that they are organised into surface - equivalent
data groups is simple enough to be done with a simple excel sheet
in less than 5 minutes, and once you have them correctly grouped and averaged, a linear plot will do the desired job perfectly well.
The fact that
radiosondes agree more both with RSS and UAH TLT
data in the northern hemisphere after the correction, without reducing the level of agreement already existing with UAH
in the tropics, means that the correction shows a curious effect that I had mentioned before: there is more warming
in the extratropical northern hemisphere's lower troposphere than
in the tropics.
But satellite
data, both RSS and UAH, still stubbornly refuse to show greenhouse fingerprint,
in accordance with old, «incorrect»
radiosonde data.
But
in the tropics, the
radiosondes data obstinately agrees with UAH TLT
data far more than with RSS TLT
data even after the homogeneization processes they propose.
Even more, if their homogeneization procedure mostly affects the
radiosondes data in the NH, where more measuring points exist and less of a homogeneization problem would be expected?
In the third paper this week, Sherwood et al report on an apparent bias in the daytime readings of these radiosondes which, again, appears to have suppressed the trends in the data sets (Steve discusses this more fully in an accompanying piece
In the third paper this week, Sherwood et al report on an apparent bias
in the daytime readings of these radiosondes which, again, appears to have suppressed the trends in the data sets (Steve discusses this more fully in an accompanying piece
in the daytime readings of these
radiosondes which, again, appears to have suppressed the trends
in the data sets (Steve discusses this more fully in an accompanying piece
in the
data sets (Steve discusses this more fully
in an accompanying piece
in an accompanying piece).
Similarly, do the trends
in the new UAH
data still match the
radiosonde data, or is that not yet analysed?
The issue
in two of those papers was whether satellite and
radiosonde data were globally consistent with model simulations over the same time.
Both the
radiosonde and reanalysis
data show that the frequency of occurrence of high tropopause days
in the subtropics of both hemispheres has systematically increased during the past few decades, so that tropical characteristics occur more frequently
in recent years.
It turns out that the
radiosonde data used
in this paper (version 1.2 of the RAOBCORE
data) does not have the full set of adjustments.
Radiosonde measurements and reanalysis
data are used to examine long - term changes
in tropopause behavior
in the subtropics.
These problems are sufficiently serious that the US National Weather Service (NESDIS) adjusts satellite
data every week to match
radiosondes,
in effect relying upon
radiosondes as a reference instrument.
Not mentioned, but conceivably important is that the NCEP reanalysis is tied
in some respects to the
radiosonde data, which, as we discussed last year, may have some spurious trends.
I do them myself two ways, one while using the sun as a fixed sphere of reference, the other by taking all of upper air
radiosonde data, condensating them to one readable number
in degrees Kelvin.
Together with colleagues at MIT, the University of Michigan, the Instituto Nacional Presquisa Espaciais, Brazil, and the University of California, Irvine, Wang studied an area of rainforest
in the Rondonia, Brazil using
radiosonde data taken
in 1994 as part of the Rondonian Boundary Layer Experiment (RBLE - 3) under the Anglo - Brazilian Amazonian Climate Observation Study (ABRACOS).
«Miskolczi additionally shows from 61 years of
radiosonde data that a long - term decrease
in the Earth's greenhouse effect from humidity decreases
in the middle and upper atmosphere have approximately counterbalanced the increase
in the greenhouse effect from rising CO2 levels.
What kind of scientist are you exactly and why didn't you know that
radiosonde data includes relative humidity
in addition to temperature, pressure, altitude, longitude, latitude, wind speed, and wind direction?
Figure 10.7
in WG1 of AR4 showed a predicted heating of about 0.6 deg C per decade between 400 and 100hPa and -30 deg S to 30deg N. However, none of the
data from satellites or
radiosondes confirms anything like that rate of heating.
This atmospheric evidence comes from instruments
in weather satellites, producing the only truly global
data — and, independently, from thermometers
in balloon - borne
radiosondes.
Haimberger, Leopold, Christina Tavolato, Stefan Sperka, 2008: Toward Elimination of the Warm Bias
in Historic
Radiosonde Temperature Records — Some New Results from a Comprehensive Intercomparison of Upper - Air
Data.
What one can really learn from the
radiosonde data on the changes
in H2O concentration is an interesting issue not answered conclusively by this analysis.
Spencer points out that suspiciously high
radiosonde humidity
data during the 1950's and 1960's might not be correct and if not then there's no drying effect
in the atmosphere subsequently.
-- 1.87 is the clear - sky, or the all - sky annual mean infrared optical thickness; — if clear - sky, how the cloudless cases were selected out from the
radiosonde data set; — if it is the clear + cloudy (all - sky), how did he get it as global average value, when the cloud infrared optical depth is infinite (
in half of the cases); — if 1.87 is for all - sky, how much is the clear - sky value (if he got it).
Both the
radiosonde and reanalysis
data show that the frequency of occurrence of high tropopause days
in the subtropics of both hemispheres has systematically increased during the past few decades».
The QBO
in WACCM4 is prescribed by relaxing equatorial zonal winds between 86 and 4 hPa to observed
radiosonde data (28 - month period).
The IPCC TAR, which you are fond of quoting, says «Discrepancies between MSU and
radiosonde data have largely been resolved, although the observed trend
in the difference between the surface and lower tropospheric temperatures can not fully be accounted for.»
As you may recall, they had that discrepancy
in radiosonde measurements of the lower troposphere for a decade, until someone finally copped to an algebra mistake
in a
data - processing procedure.
Used
in conjunction with Earth - orbiting satellite - based passive temperature and moisture radiometric soundings, as well as active lidar wind measurements, profilers complement the
data collected from
radiosondes.
Four fifty - year - old independent
radiosonde data sets measuring atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind speed and direction
in those latitudes show no tropospheric hot spot where there should be one according to AGW gospel.
This important (remote &
data sparse region) GUAN station has
in the past received the support of GCOS and the Met Service has informed GCOS that sufficient funding for maintenance of equipment (
radiosonde system and hydrogen generator), local staff training and supplies is not available.
In both global and tropical data, the peaks and dips in the satellite and radiosonde time series correlate quite wel
In both global and tropical
data, the peaks and dips
in the satellite and radiosonde time series correlate quite wel
in the satellite and
radiosonde time series correlate quite well.
(2) The scientific community should perform a more comprehensive analysis of the uncertainties inherent
in the surface,
radiosonde, and satellite
data sets.
The tropospheric hot spot is a good place to look — there's certainly some issues with
radiosonde data accuracy and the details of the AGW predictions (
in both directions, very arguable either way), but that's the kind of
data that can contradict AGW.
It is important to note that significant uncertainty exists
in radiosonde datasets reflecting the large number of choices available to researchers
in their construction and the many heterogeneities
in the
data.