Sentences with phrase «in real exchange rates»

This lesson resource allows students to understand how changes in real exchange rates will have an impact upon their own economy.

So the potential swings in real exchange rates, even if well - behaved in terms of the model, are much greater for emerging markets.

Industrial production and merchandise exports are still expanding rapidly, fuelled by depreciations in real exchange rates, a resurgent world economy and ongoing strength in China, which has boosted intra-Asian trade (Graph 8).

Information on real yields suggests that much of this move reflects expected declines in real exchange rates.

There are a number of countries — China not least among them — whose prospective rates of productivity growth over the decades ahead will surely mean a substantial increase in their real exchange rate.

This drives higher inflation and thus appreciation in the real exchange rate in the economy with faster - growing productivity.3

In fact, the long - run expected increase in the real exchange rate between two countries can be approximated by the difference in productivity growth rates (estimated by real per capita GDP growth rates).

Not exact matches

These risks and uncertainties include, among others: the unfavorable outcome of litigation, including so - called «Paragraph IV» litigation and other patent litigation, related to any of our products or products using our proprietary technologies, which may lead to competition from generic drug manufacturers; data from clinical trials may be interpreted by the FDA in different ways than we interpret it; the FDA may not agree with our regulatory approval strategies or components of our filings for our products, including our clinical trial designs, conduct and methodologies and, for ALKS 5461, evidence of efficacy and adequacy of bridging to buprenorphine; clinical development activities may not be completed on time or at all; the results of our clinical development activities may not be positive, or predictive of real - world results or of results in subsequent clinical trials; regulatory submissions may not occur or be submitted in a timely manner; the company and its licensees may not be able to continue to successfully commercialize their products; there may be a reduction in payment rate or reimbursement for the company's products or an increase in the company's financial obligations to governmental payers; the FDA or regulatory authorities outside the U.S. may make adverse decisions regarding the company's products; the company's products may prove difficult to manufacture, be precluded from commercialization by the proprietary rights of third parties, or have unintended side effects, adverse reactions or incidents of misuse; and those risks and uncertainties described under the heading «Risk Factors» in the company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10 - K and in subsequent filings made by the company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission («SEC»), which are available on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.

Actual results could differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward - looking statements contained in this release because of a variety of factors, including conditions to, or changes in the timing of, proposed real estate and other transactions, prevailing interest rates and non-recurring charges, store closings, competitive pressures from specialty stores, general merchandise stores, off - price and discount stores, manufacturers» outlets, the Internet, mail - order catalogs and television shopping and general consumer spending levels, including the impact of the availability and level of consumer debt, the effect of weather and other factors identified in documents filed by the company with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Indeed, in a classic paper written in the early 1960s, Mundell (Mundell, 1963) showed how, in a world of complete asset substitutability and perfect capital mobility, real interest rates would be largely determined by international market forces with the exchange rate moving in response to changes in domestic monetary policy to provide most of the desired accommodation or tightening.

Graph 8 shows the net result of the linkage: a 1 per cent increase in the real cash rate, lasting for two years, would raise the exchange rate by around 3 per cent and would trim 0.3 per cent off inflation, with a lag which reaches its peak effect in ten quarters.

We offer competitive altcoin and btc exchange rates that update in real time, with no fees on top.

When the DXY hit 103 in December of last year, an analysis based on purchasing power parity and real effective exchange rates suggested that it was roughly 10 % to 15 % overvalued.

Precious and Industrial Metals Inflation concerns, geopolitical tensions and interest - rate levels, especially real yields, contributed to a 1.7 % rise in the spot price of gold (to US$ 1,325 per troy ounce), as did swings in the US dollar.1 Gold prices traded within the US$ 1,305 — 1,360 range throughout the period, reached 18 - month highs in March and capped their third straight quarterly gain, a feat not seen since 2011.1 Haven demand was a key support as exchange - traded gold holdings of 2,269 metric tons (mt) neared a five - year high.1 The Fed is widely expected to boost borrowing costs, and investors have been carefully watching the central bank's statements to see whether it targets more rate increases in 2018 than previously projected.

If the nominal exchange rate does not adjust, then an alternative is for the real exchange rate to appreciate via a rise in wages and domestic prices.

Quantitative easing subsidizes U.S. capital flight, pushing up non-dollar currency exchange rates Quantitative easing may not have set out to disrupt the global trade and financial system or start a round of currency speculation, but that is the result of the Fed's decision in 2008 to keep unpayably high debts from defaulting by re-inflating U.S. real estate and financial markets.

In exchange for a basket of 51 % global stocks, 26 % bonds, 13 % cash and 5 % each in commodities and real estate — much like a portfolio Mr. Salem oversees — the institutional trading desk at one major investment bank was willing to offer a guaranteed rate, after fees and inflation, of 1 In exchange for a basket of 51 % global stocks, 26 % bonds, 13 % cash and 5 % each in commodities and real estate — much like a portfolio Mr. Salem oversees — the institutional trading desk at one major investment bank was willing to offer a guaranteed rate, after fees and inflation, of 1 in commodities and real estate — much like a portfolio Mr. Salem oversees — the institutional trading desk at one major investment bank was willing to offer a guaranteed rate, after fees and inflation, of 1 %.

In real terms, the trade - weighted exchange rate is around 12 per cent above its average over the post-float period (Graph 52).

According to IMF estimates of the real effective exchange rate, the competitiveness of the French manufacturing sector has deteriorated by 12 % against Germany since the debt crisis hit in 2010.

The real exchange rate has appreciated in recent months, but the strong terms of trade are likely to have offset its contractionary effects.

This understanding allowed policymakers to project changes in financial conditions (short - term borrowing cost, long - term credit spreads, equity valuation, and exchange rate), which would elicit reactions from the real economy.

Over the decade to 2011, the real exchange rate appreciated significantly, consistent with the rise in the terms of trade and the mining investment boom.

To make digital currency useful to «cash consumers» digital currency should: be transferable to any phone number in the world, not represent exchange rate risk, be as private as real cash, have no costs for money transfer, and be fungible to real paper - cash at very low cost 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

An appreciation of the exchange rate means that: the increase in the domestic currency price of commodity exports will be less than the increase in world commodity prices; the income of the other tradable sector will fall; and real income gains flow to the broader economy via the associated decline in the price of imports.

A favourable exchange rate, signs of recovering foreign property markets and improving mortgage availability have combined to drive confidence in purchasing European real estate in 2015, says Spot Blue International Property Director Julian Walker.

The distribution of these real income gains across the economy depends, crucially, on how much the exchange rate appreciates in response to the positive shock to world commodity prices (RBA 2005).

With Revolut, users can set up an app - based current account in 60 seconds, spend abroad in over 150 currencies with no fees, hold and exchange 25 currencies in - app and send free domestic and international money transfers with the real exchange rate.

If the Bank of Canada does what it is supposed to do, and what it says it does, then a temporary increase in the fiscal deficit will cause a temporary rise in the nominal and real interest rate (and nominal and real exchange rate), relative to what would have happened otherwise.

This is hypothesized to happen for many different reasons, including a decline in the competitiveness of other economic sectors (caused by appreciation of the real exchange rate as resource revenues enter an economy, a phenomenon known as Dutch disease), volatility of revenues from the natural resource sector due to exposure to global commodity market swings, government mismanagement of resources, or weak, ineffectual, unstable or corrupt institutions (possibly due to the easily diverted actual or anticipated revenue stream from extractive activities).

The agency said it did not believe the central bank hiking its late - liquidity window rate last week would be sufficient to bring down inflation to the state - lender's 5 percent target or reduce the volatility in Turkey's real effective exchange rate.

Examples of these risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to the impact of: adverse general economic and related factors, such as fluctuating or increasing levels of unemployment, underemployment and the volatility of fuel prices, declines in the securities and real estate markets, and perceptions of these conditions that decrease the level of disposable income of consumers or consumer confidence; adverse events impacting the security of travel, such as terrorist acts, armed conflict and threats thereof, acts of piracy, and other international events; the risks and increased costs associated with operating internationally; our expansion into and investments in new markets; breaches in data security or other disturbances to our information technology and other networks; the spread of epidemics and viral outbreaks; adverse incidents involving cruise ships; changes in fuel prices and / or other cruise operating costs; any impairment of our tradenames or goodwill; our hedging strategies; our inability to obtain adequate insurance coverage; our substantial indebtedness, including the ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, and to generate the necessary amount of cash to service our existing debt; restrictions in the agreements governing our indebtedness that limit our flexibility in operating our business; the significant portion of our assets pledged as collateral under our existing debt agreements and the ability of our creditors to accelerate the repayment of our indebtedness; volatility and disruptions in the global credit and financial markets, which may adversely affect our ability to borrow and could increase our counterparty credit risks, including those under our credit facilities, derivatives, contingent obligations, insurance contracts and new ship progress payment guarantees; fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; overcapacity in key markets or globally; our inability to recruit or retain qualified personnel or the loss of key personnel; future changes relating to how external distribution channels sell and market our cruises; our reliance on third parties to provide hotel management services to certain ships and certain other services; delays in our shipbuilding program and ship repairs, maintenance and refurbishments; future increases in the price of, or major changes or reduction in, commercial airline services; seasonal variations in passenger fare rates and occupancy levels at different times of the year; our ability to keep pace with developments in technology; amendments to our collective bargaining agreements for crew members and other employee relation issues; the continued availability of attractive port destinations; pending or threatened litigation, investigations and enforcement actions; changes involving the tax and environmental regulatory regimes in which we operate; and other factors set forth under «Risk Factors» in our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10 - K and subsequent filings by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Comexchange rates; overcapacity in key markets or globally; our inability to recruit or retain qualified personnel or the loss of key personnel; future changes relating to how external distribution channels sell and market our cruises; our reliance on third parties to provide hotel management services to certain ships and certain other services; delays in our shipbuilding program and ship repairs, maintenance and refurbishments; future increases in the price of, or major changes or reduction in, commercial airline services; seasonal variations in passenger fare rates and occupancy levels at different times of the year; our ability to keep pace with developments in technology; amendments to our collective bargaining agreements for crew members and other employee relation issues; the continued availability of attractive port destinations; pending or threatened litigation, investigations and enforcement actions; changes involving the tax and environmental regulatory regimes in which we operate; and other factors set forth under «Risk Factors» in our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10 - K and subsequent filings by the Company with the Securities and Exchange ComExchange Commission.

Imports were boosted by the strong domestic demand, partly reflecting the increase in real income due to the terms of trade rise, and by the accompanying rise in the exchange rate.

Brazil Segment revenue was negatively impacted by a decrease in bran processing levels as well as a 12 % quarter over quarter decline in the average Brazilian Real versus US Dollar exchange rate.

Brazil Segment revenue was negatively impacted by a decrease in throughput as well as a 27 % quarter over quarter decline in the average Brazilian Real versus US Dollar exchange rate.

International coordination plays no role in inflation targeting; there are no requirements on external imbalances; indeed, external imbalances and the real exchange rate are technically jointly determined by aggregate demand — for example a tough fiscal policy, reducing aggregate demand, implies ceteris paribus an external surplus.

As a result, the real effective exchange rate of Spain has depreciated by around 7 per cent since 2008, in contrast to an appreciation of 1 per cent in Germany — an improvement achieved despite Spain's inability to devaluate its own currency.

I maintain and the evidence is overwhelming that multiple and widely divergent foreign exchange rates and policy uncertainty were significant impediments to foreign direct investment, whether real or portfolio FDI in 2016 and would remain so if not addressed.

In «Nigerian Economy in 2016: Withdrawal Symptoms» (January 27, 2016), I compared Nigeria to an addict finding it difficult to wean itself of the drug of oil and warned that «in 2016 we will be forced to begin reconciling ourselves to the real exchange rate of the Naira» and «it is wise to formally and publicly end the subsidy regime and bring certainty and investments into the downstream petroleum sector.&raquIn «Nigerian Economy in 2016: Withdrawal Symptoms» (January 27, 2016), I compared Nigeria to an addict finding it difficult to wean itself of the drug of oil and warned that «in 2016 we will be forced to begin reconciling ourselves to the real exchange rate of the Naira» and «it is wise to formally and publicly end the subsidy regime and bring certainty and investments into the downstream petroleum sector.&raquin 2016: Withdrawal Symptoms» (January 27, 2016), I compared Nigeria to an addict finding it difficult to wean itself of the drug of oil and warned that «in 2016 we will be forced to begin reconciling ourselves to the real exchange rate of the Naira» and «it is wise to formally and publicly end the subsidy regime and bring certainty and investments into the downstream petroleum sector.&raquin 2016 we will be forced to begin reconciling ourselves to the real exchange rate of the Naira» and «it is wise to formally and publicly end the subsidy regime and bring certainty and investments into the downstream petroleum sector.»

Technically, the transaction involves in - game currency — called Linden dollars — but those virtual dollars can be readily exchanged for real ones, currently at the rate of roughly 250 to 1.

There are also some real laughs to be had — the funny kind, not the cute ones that most G - rated fare is happy to settle for — in offbeat exchanges and unexpected reactions.

Included in the PowerPoint: Macroeconomic Objectives (AS Level) a) Aggregate Demand (AD) and Aggregate Supply (AS) analysis - the shape and determinants of AD and AS curves; AD = C+I+G + (X-M)- the distinction between a movement along and a shift in AD and AS - the interaction of AD and AS and the determination of the level of output, prices and employment b) Inflation - the definition of inflation; degrees of inflation and the measurement of inflation; deflation and disinflation - the distinction between money values and real data - the cause of inflation (cost - push and demand - pull inflation)- the consequences of inflation c) Balance of payments - the components of the balance of payments accounts (using the IMF / OECD definition): current account; capital and financial account; balancing item - meaning of balance of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium - causes of balance of payments disequilibrium in each component of the accounts - consequences of balance of payments disequilibrium on domestic and external economy d) Exchange rates - definitions and measurement of exchange rates - nominal, real, trade - weighted exchange rates - the determination of exchange rates - floating, fixed, managed float - the factors underlying changes in exchange rates - the effects of changing exchange rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talkeExchange rates - definitions and measurement of exchange rates - nominal, real, trade - weighted exchange rates - the determination of exchange rates - floating, fixed, managed float - the factors underlying changes in exchange rates - the effects of changing exchange rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talkeexchange rates - nominal, real, trade - weighted exchange rates - the determination of exchange rates - floating, fixed, managed float - the factors underlying changes in exchange rates - the effects of changing exchange rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talkeexchange rates - the determination of exchange rates - floating, fixed, managed float - the factors underlying changes in exchange rates - the effects of changing exchange rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talkeexchange rates - floating, fixed, managed float - the factors underlying changes in exchange rates - the effects of changing exchange rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talkeexchange rates - the effects of changing exchange rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talkeexchange rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talked about.

We use real time currency exchange rates to calculate the payouts in GBP and EUR.

In other words, at how low a rate would they be willing to lock in returns in exchange for not taking the risk of investing in things like stocks, bonds, and real estatIn other words, at how low a rate would they be willing to lock in returns in exchange for not taking the risk of investing in things like stocks, bonds, and real estatin returns in exchange for not taking the risk of investing in things like stocks, bonds, and real estatin exchange for not taking the risk of investing in things like stocks, bonds, and real estatin things like stocks, bonds, and real estate?

Depending on which countries you include in the analysis, the expected real exchange rate appreciation in a basket of emerging market currencies should be about 50 bps annually.

Investing in U.S. real estate because of the fabulous exchange rate is, as McKernan puts it, «insane.»

In this case, your deposits will be converted to the base currency of your account by real - time foreign exchange rate determined by your financial institution.

For instance, an U.S. investor in Canadian stocks would have experienced real returns with a standard deviation of 16.8 % in local currency, 4.6 % in exchange rate and 18.4 % in U.S. dollar terms.

In a 2016 essay titled Long - Term Asset Returns, Dimson, Marsh, and Staunton showed that between 1900 and 2015 real exchange rates globally were quite volatile, but did not appear to exhibit a long - term upward or downward trend.

I am a bit puzzled about how the rising inflation in China as compared to that in US amkes the Chinese currency to appreciate as per the real exchange rate.

NIFTY Financial Services — Total Return Index (TRI) has a portfolio of companies under financial services which includes banks, non-banking financial companies (NBFC), housing finance, microfinance, stockbroking & allied services, wealth management, asset reconstruction companies, rating agencies, asset management companies, depositories, pension companies, insurance companies, real estate investment trust (REITs), stock / commodities exchange and other market intermediaries, payment intermediaries, statutory corporations, companies and other bodies in which the government has financial or authoritative interest.