Sentences with phrase «in rock composition»

«This transition corresponds to a boundary between the layers that we can image with seismology and that we attribute to changes in rock composition.»

The other study proposes that the section below the boundary is denser — meaning its molecules are more tightly packed — than the section above it, due to a shift in rock composition.

For many decades it has not been clear whether mid-ocean ridge elevations are caused by variations in the temperature of the mantle or variations in the rock composition of the mantle.

Not exact matches

Kepler - 78b is most similar to Earth in mass, diameter and composition; it could be made of rock with an iron...

He became obsessed with unconformities in the rocks, where strata are distorted, rumpled or jumbled in composition, some layers of rock thrusting near vertically into those above or below.

But rocks brought back from one of these plains by Apollo 16 astronauts in 1972 did not have volcanic compositions.

This NASA MARS 2020 approach of mapping the elemental, mineral, and organic composition of rocks at high spatial resolution with non-destructive techniques is now commonly used on Earth to provide unambiguous evidence for early life in its preserved nanoscale context.

The composition of NWA 7034 also matches that of rocks studied by Curiosity, NASA's newest rover, as described in preliminary reports from members of that mission.

«One of the assumptions being made is that the composition of the zircons and the rocks in which they have formed give an accurate record of the magmas and conditions at which the zircons and magmas formed,» Associate Professor Bryan said.

The moon's crust is thicker on its far side (pictured) and differs in composition from rocks on the side facing Earth.

After inspiring millions of people worldwide with its successful landing in a crater on the Red Planet on Aug. 5, 2012, PDT (Aug. 6, 2012, EDT), Curiosity has provided more than 190 gigabits of data; returned more than 36,700 full images and 35,000 thumbnail images; fired more than 75,000 laser shots to investigate the composition of targets; collected and analyzed sample material from two rocks; and driven more than one mile (1.6 kilometers).

In 2001, however, a team of scientists reported that the isotopic compositions of a variety of elements in terrestrial and lunar rocks are nearly identicaIn 2001, however, a team of scientists reported that the isotopic compositions of a variety of elements in terrestrial and lunar rocks are nearly identicain terrestrial and lunar rocks are nearly identical.

Angrites are igneous rocks, many of which are thought to have erupted onto the surface of asteroids very early in the solar system's history and then quickly cooled, freezing their original properties — including their composition and paleomagnetic signals — in place.

Olivine also is the main mineral in peridotite rock, which is considered to be a robust model of the interior of the Earth's composition.

They plan to explore what other traces of elements are present in the inclusions, as well as make measurements of the isotopic composition of some elements, which could reveal exactly how the metal forms and how it interacts with rocks in the mantle.

These rocks» silicon dioxide composition hints at when continental rocks began diverging in makeup from oceanic rocks due to plate tectonics.

Dr Wade said «Broadly speaking the inner planets in the solar system have similar composition, but subtle differences can cause dramatic differences — for example, rock chemistry.

Convinced that the planet's minerology held the answer to this puzzling question, a team led by Dr Jon Wade, NERC Research Fellow in Oxford's Department of Earth Sciences, applied modelling methods used to understand the composition of Earth rocks to calculate how much water could be removed from the Martian surface through reactions with rock.

Their chemical compositions are almost identical to the sun's — if you took all the hydrogen and helium out of the sun, you'd get the mineral ratios found in these bits of rock.

Set to launch in 2009, the NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory Mars Science Laboratory rover will carry a laser tool for zapping rocks and analyzing their debris composition.

The composition also suggests that these rocks formed in the presence of water and at relatively low temperatures, around 150 ° Celsius.

«Oumuamua shares a red - tinted light profile akin to distant Kuiper Belt Objects in our own solar system, which may be a hint about how prolonged exposure to deep space alters the composition of space rocks.

To satisfy microbial nutritional fitness, the research team uses mineral mixtures that mimic the Martian regolith composition from different locations and historical periods of Mars: «JSC 1A» is mainly composed of palagonite — a rock that was created by lava; «P - MRS» is rich in hydrated phyllosilicates; the sulfate containing «S - MRS,» emerging from acidic times on Mars and the highly porous «MRS07 / 52» that consists of silicate and iron compounds and simulates sediments of the Martian surface.

These could be places where water flowed through cracks in the rock, leaving mineral deposits behind, although the rover has not yet measured their composition.

But rather than a monotonously uniform surface homogenized by impact cratering over the eons, the first up - close look at the asteroid reveals a full palette of mineral «colors» (mapped here in false color reflecting the wide range of rock compositions).

Thomas Sisson of the survey's division in Menlo Park, California, mapped subtle variations in the composition of rock formations and divined their ages by dating radioactive minerals.

They state that changes in the composition of volcanic rocks likely drove a transition from water - bearing magmas to dry, hot magmas over time, and these magmas in turn caused different types of volcanoes to form.

Changes in the composition of magma may have caused variations in the Panama Canal volcanic rock formations, according to a study published May 10, 2017 in the open - access journal PLOS ONE by David Farris from Florida State University, and colleagues.

The researchers constructed geochemical models of these rock formations, and they identified some significant differences in their physical structure and chemical composition.

«Changes in tectonic activity may have shaped composition of Panama Canal rocks: Volcanic rock formations indicate a transition from water - bearing to dry, hot magmas over time.»

This image, taken from a NASA plane with a Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner, shows the amount of thermal radiation emitted from the ground, which relates in turn to the chemical composition of the rocks.

The Evidence: The rocks exposed in the canyon walls could not have settled during a single flood because they alternate many times in color, grain size, and composition.

Twisted stalks were then observed using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, 1) to determine whether structures are preserved and 2) to characterize their mineral and organic composition and 3) to provide spectroscopic signatures that could be useful for microfossil search in the rock record.

Their goal was to read all the vital signs of an earthquake — not just fault motions but also the precise pressures, temperatures, strains, and chemical compositions of minerals in the nucleation zone, along with an analysis of rocks and fluids extracted through the drill hole.

One might be some oddity in the composition or structure of the rock at the nucleation site that makes it exceptionally slippery.

Kepler - 78b is most similar to Earth in mass, diameter and composition; it could be made of rock with an iron core.

The team, which included other geochemists, palaeoecologists and geologists from UCL and the universities of Edinburgh, Leeds and Cambridge, as well as the Geological Survey of Namibia, analysed the chemical elemental composition of rock samples from the ancient seafloor in the Nama Group - a group of extremely well - preserved rocks in Namibia that are abundant with fossils of early Cloudina, Namacalathus and Namapoikia animals.

Because we can not sample the deep Earth, we must deduce its composition either by looking at the clues hidden in igneous and metamorphic rocks, or by examining proxies for composition and structure such as the three - dimensional variation of the velocity of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and sampled by networks of seismometers on the surface.

They come in a variety of colors, from gray to dark red, indicating their compositions, but all are thought to be half ice and half rock.

If so, it may be identical to the rocks that came together to form the Earth, which means that studying its composition would tell us what the chemistry of our planet was like in the earliest stages of its existence.

The findings, to be published June 13 in the journal Science, will aid scientists in understanding how the Earth formed, what its current composition and inner workings are and how much water is trapped in mantle rock.

The culprit was none other than acid rain, which altered the chemical composition of the rock layer and made it more slippery, they report in the 1 January 2018 issue of Earth and Planetary Science Letters.

Although radar systems have been used in the past to provide high - resolution maps of Venus» surface, Venus Express is the first orbiting spacecraft to produce a map that hints at the chemical composition of the rocks.

Schopf used several techniques to analyze the fossils, including Raman spectroscopy — which enables scientists to look inside rocks to determine their composition and chemistry — and confocal laser scanning microscopy — which renders fossils in 3 - D.

The soil - like composition may indicate that these rocks were formed from ancient dunes rather than in water.

The melts, since they were less dense than the unmelted rock, rose to form Earth's crust, while the denser residues of the melting sank back downward, altering the mantle's chemical composition in the process.

The planet's mass and diameter are consistent with the hypothesis that it has a low average density due to an inferred composition of three - fourths water (possibly 47 percent) and other ices (that have subliminated into a «supercritical fluid» above an «electronically conductive,» dense fluid plasma below a steamy atmosphere) and one - fourth rock and iron in the core.

Theoretical modelling indicate that a hot steam planet could form if it formed in a colder orbit farther from GJ 1214, where lower temperatures would have created an ice - rock composition similar to Jupiter's moon Ganymede, and the planet should have formed too late to accrete a large hydrogen - helium gas envelope.

The study was carried out to answer a long - standing puzzle — why are Earth and lunar rocks more similar than expected in terms of chemical composition?

Study of lunar rocks has shown that the moon and Earth are «almost identical» in their composition.