In response to your question I would refer you to my comment above Dave Wendt (14:39:39): where I discuss the Rigor and Wallace paper of 2004 which demonstrated that the decline
in sea ice age and thickness began with a shift in state in Beaufort Gyre and the TransPolar Drift in 1989 which resulted in multiyear ice declining from over 80 % of the Arctic to 30 % in about one year and that the persistence of that pattern has been responsible for the continuing decline.
Not exact matches
Two new studies show the current is slowly weakening, so it's not threatening an instant
ice age, but rather colder weather
in Europe, higher
sea levels on the U.S. east coast, and depleted fisheries.
Sea level has been rising slowly and inexorably since the end of the last
ice age, and the rate has not accelerated
in a warming climate.
Colin... Your statement of «when
ice ages cause dramatic changes
in sea levels» is speculation of a possibility, not a scientifically accepted specific hypothesis.
One is changed environmental conditions for a discrete subpopulation of the original population, such as when
ice ages cause dramatic changes
in sea levels, cutting species into subgroups.
In this study, the research team excavated intertidal beach sediments on the shoreline of Calvert Island, British Columbia, where the
sea level was two to three meters lower than it is today at the end of the last
ice age.
Scientists from Rice University and Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi's Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies have discovered that Earth's
sea level did not rise steadily but rather
in sharp, punctuated bursts when the planet's glaciers melted during the period of global warming at the close of the last
ice age.
During
ice ages, which are mainly driven by rhythmic variations
in Earth's orbit and spin that alter sunlight
in the Northern Hemisphere, growing
ice caps and glaciers trap so much frozen water on land that
sea levels can drop a hundred meters or more.
These big
ice sheets have frozen and melted many times
in the past (producing
ice ages with low
sea levels and warm periods with high
sea levels).
This finding supports the idea that the earlier identification of comb jellies
in this area was wrong, and that the Arctic comb jelly is found
in the Baltic
Sea as an
Ice Age relic, not as an alien species.
The caves along Yucatán's Caribbean coast were not flooded until the worldwide rise
in sea level after the
ice age.
The geologic record shows that the differences
in ice cover,
sea level and precipitation as well as
in plant and animal populations were quite dramatic between the
ice ages and the warm interglacials.
You know, a new ocean is being created for the first time since the
Ice Age [in the Arctic with the meltdown of sea ic
Ice Age [
in the Arctic with the meltdown of
sea iceice].
This line marks a deep ocean channel that remained water - filled even during past
ice ages, when
sea levels saw channels between other islands
in the region dry out.
When the planet's big
ice sheets collapsed at the end of the last
ice age, their melting caused global
sea levels to rise as much as 100 meters
in roughly 10,000 years, which is fast
in geological time, Mann noted.
Can Earth's
ice ages be seen
in the undulating fabric of the
sea floor?
Some of the shallow - water seeps are likely to be
in now - submerged areas that were methane - producing wetlands during the most recent
ice age, when
sea levels were more than 100 metres lower than they are today.
Calvert Island,
in particular, is among the few places worldwide with a
sea level that has remained relatively stable since the last
ice age, a boon for scientists looking to study how people have lived for the past 15,000 years.
They maintain that the first Americans were the Clovis people, who crossed into the New World from Asia when a fall
in sea levels at the height of the last
Ice Age created a land bridge, known as Beringia, between the two continents.
Notably, both the decline
in sea level and the decline
in temperature occurred during the so - called European «Medieval Warm Period,» providing additional evidence that the «Medieval Warm Period» and «Little
Ice Age» were not globally synchronous phenomena.
Further back
in time again,
sea - levels have risen at much faster rates during the end of the last
ice age.
Since the last
ice age, the three - spined stickleback, a very common small fish, has adapted to the innumerable brooks and lakes it wound up
in when the level of the
seas dropped after the
ice receded.
The East Asian summer monsoon and desertification
in Eurasia is driven by fluctuating Northern Hemisphere
ice volume and global sea level during the Ice Age, as shown in a study published in Nature Communicatio
ice volume and global
sea level during the
Ice Age, as shown in a study published in Nature Communicatio
Ice Age, as shown
in a study published
in Nature Communications.
In his paper, he proposed a few theories as to what might have gone wrong, including the idea that the
ice age model he used was inaccurate or that the estimations of 20th - century
sea - level rise were too high.
In the long term, changes in sea level were of minor importance to rainfall patterns in north western Sumatra With the end of the last Ice Age came rising temperatures and melting polar ice sheets, which were accompanied by an increase in rainfall around Indonesia and many other regions of the world
In the long term, changes
in sea level were of minor importance to rainfall patterns in north western Sumatra With the end of the last Ice Age came rising temperatures and melting polar ice sheets, which were accompanied by an increase in rainfall around Indonesia and many other regions of the world
in sea level were of minor importance to rainfall patterns
in north western Sumatra With the end of the last Ice Age came rising temperatures and melting polar ice sheets, which were accompanied by an increase in rainfall around Indonesia and many other regions of the world
in north western Sumatra With the end of the last
Ice Age came rising temperatures and melting polar ice sheets, which were accompanied by an increase in rainfall around Indonesia and many other regions of the worl
Ice Age came rising temperatures and melting polar
ice sheets, which were accompanied by an increase in rainfall around Indonesia and many other regions of the worl
ice sheets, which were accompanied by an increase
in rainfall around Indonesia and many other regions of the world
in rainfall around Indonesia and many other regions of the world..
Acidity decline
in Antarctic
ice cores during the Little Ice Age linked to changes in atmospheric nitrate and sea salt concentratio
ice cores during the Little
Ice Age linked to changes in atmospheric nitrate and sea salt concentratio
Ice Age linked to changes
in atmospheric nitrate and
sea salt concentrations.
I Am Legend James Newton Howard (2007) **** I Am Number Four Trevor Rabin (2011) *** I Capture the Castle Dario Marianelli (2003) **** I Kill Giants Laurent Perez del Mar (2017) *** 1/2 I Know Who Killed Me Joel McNeely (2007) **** I'll Cry Tomorrow Alex North (1955) ***** I Ought to Be
in Pictures Marvin Hamlisch (1982) *** I, Robot Marco Beltrami (2004) *** 1/2 I Sell the Dead Jeff Grace (2009) **** I, the Jury Bill Conti (1982) *** I Want to be a Shellfish Joe Hisaishi (2008) **** 1/2 Ice Age David Newman (2002) **** Ice Age: The Meltdown John Powell (2006) *** 1/2 Ice Age: Continental Drift John Powell (2012) *** Ice Station Zebra Michel Legrand (1968) **** Identity Alan Silvestri (2003) * The Ides of March Alexandre Desplat (2011) **** The Illustrated Man Jerry Goldsmith (1969) **** Imago Mortis Zacarias M. de la Riva (2009) **** The Imitation Game Alexandre Desplat (2014) **** The Impossible Fernando Velázquez (2012) **** 1/2 In Country James Horner (1989) **** In From the Night and Silver Bells Mark McKenzie (2005) **** In Harm's Way Jerry Goldsmith (1965) **** In Like Flint and Our Man Flint Jerry Goldsmith (1966/7) *** In Love and War and Woman Obsessed Hugo Friedhofer (1958/9) **** In the Bedroom Thomas Newman (2001) ** In the Heart of the Sea Roque Baños (2015) ** 1/2 In My Dreams William Ross (2014) *** In the Electric Mist Marco Beltrami (2009) **** In the Valley of Elah Mark Isham (2007) *** 1/2 Inception Hans Zimmer (2010) ***** L'Inchiesta Andrea Morricone (2006) **** Inchon Jerry Goldsmith (1981) **** 1/2 The Incredibles Michael Giacchino (2004) **** Indecent Proposal John Barry (1993) **** Independence Day David Arnold (1996) ***** Independence Day: Resurgence Harald Kloser and Thomas Wander (2016) ** Indian Summers Stephen Warbeck (2015) **** Inferno Hans Zimmer (2016) *** Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom John Williams (1984) **** 1/2 Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull John Williams (2008) **** 1/2 The Indiana Jones Trilogy John Williams (2003 compilation) *** L'Industriale Andrea Morricone (2012) **** The Informan
in Pictures Marvin Hamlisch (1982) *** I, Robot Marco Beltrami (2004) *** 1/2 I Sell the Dead Jeff Grace (2009) **** I, the Jury Bill Conti (1982) *** I Want to be a Shellfish Joe Hisaishi (2008) **** 1/2
Ice Age David Newman (2002) ****
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Ice Age: Continental Drift John Powell (2012) ***
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In Country James Horner (1989) ****
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In From the Night and Silver Bells Mark McKenzie (2005) ****
In Harm's Way Jerry Goldsmith (1965) **** In Like Flint and Our Man Flint Jerry Goldsmith (1966/7) *** In Love and War and Woman Obsessed Hugo Friedhofer (1958/9) **** In the Bedroom Thomas Newman (2001) ** In the Heart of the Sea Roque Baños (2015) ** 1/2 In My Dreams William Ross (2014) *** In the Electric Mist Marco Beltrami (2009) **** In the Valley of Elah Mark Isham (2007) *** 1/2 Inception Hans Zimmer (2010) ***** L'Inchiesta Andrea Morricone (2006) **** Inchon Jerry Goldsmith (1981) **** 1/2 The Incredibles Michael Giacchino (2004) **** Indecent Proposal John Barry (1993) **** Independence Day David Arnold (1996) ***** Independence Day: Resurgence Harald Kloser and Thomas Wander (2016) ** Indian Summers Stephen Warbeck (2015) **** Inferno Hans Zimmer (2016) *** Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom John Williams (1984) **** 1/2 Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull John Williams (2008) **** 1/2 The Indiana Jones Trilogy John Williams (2003 compilation) *** L'Industriale Andrea Morricone (2012) **** The Informan
In Harm's Way Jerry Goldsmith (1965) ****
In Like Flint and Our Man Flint Jerry Goldsmith (1966/7) *** In Love and War and Woman Obsessed Hugo Friedhofer (1958/9) **** In the Bedroom Thomas Newman (2001) ** In the Heart of the Sea Roque Baños (2015) ** 1/2 In My Dreams William Ross (2014) *** In the Electric Mist Marco Beltrami (2009) **** In the Valley of Elah Mark Isham (2007) *** 1/2 Inception Hans Zimmer (2010) ***** L'Inchiesta Andrea Morricone (2006) **** Inchon Jerry Goldsmith (1981) **** 1/2 The Incredibles Michael Giacchino (2004) **** Indecent Proposal John Barry (1993) **** Independence Day David Arnold (1996) ***** Independence Day: Resurgence Harald Kloser and Thomas Wander (2016) ** Indian Summers Stephen Warbeck (2015) **** Inferno Hans Zimmer (2016) *** Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom John Williams (1984) **** 1/2 Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull John Williams (2008) **** 1/2 The Indiana Jones Trilogy John Williams (2003 compilation) *** L'Industriale Andrea Morricone (2012) **** The Informan
In Like Flint and Our Man Flint Jerry Goldsmith (1966/7) ***
In Love and War and Woman Obsessed Hugo Friedhofer (1958/9) **** In the Bedroom Thomas Newman (2001) ** In the Heart of the Sea Roque Baños (2015) ** 1/2 In My Dreams William Ross (2014) *** In the Electric Mist Marco Beltrami (2009) **** In the Valley of Elah Mark Isham (2007) *** 1/2 Inception Hans Zimmer (2010) ***** L'Inchiesta Andrea Morricone (2006) **** Inchon Jerry Goldsmith (1981) **** 1/2 The Incredibles Michael Giacchino (2004) **** Indecent Proposal John Barry (1993) **** Independence Day David Arnold (1996) ***** Independence Day: Resurgence Harald Kloser and Thomas Wander (2016) ** Indian Summers Stephen Warbeck (2015) **** Inferno Hans Zimmer (2016) *** Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom John Williams (1984) **** 1/2 Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull John Williams (2008) **** 1/2 The Indiana Jones Trilogy John Williams (2003 compilation) *** L'Industriale Andrea Morricone (2012) **** The Informan
In Love and War and Woman Obsessed Hugo Friedhofer (1958/9) ****
In the Bedroom Thomas Newman (2001) ** In the Heart of the Sea Roque Baños (2015) ** 1/2 In My Dreams William Ross (2014) *** In the Electric Mist Marco Beltrami (2009) **** In the Valley of Elah Mark Isham (2007) *** 1/2 Inception Hans Zimmer (2010) ***** L'Inchiesta Andrea Morricone (2006) **** Inchon Jerry Goldsmith (1981) **** 1/2 The Incredibles Michael Giacchino (2004) **** Indecent Proposal John Barry (1993) **** Independence Day David Arnold (1996) ***** Independence Day: Resurgence Harald Kloser and Thomas Wander (2016) ** Indian Summers Stephen Warbeck (2015) **** Inferno Hans Zimmer (2016) *** Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom John Williams (1984) **** 1/2 Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull John Williams (2008) **** 1/2 The Indiana Jones Trilogy John Williams (2003 compilation) *** L'Industriale Andrea Morricone (2012) **** The Informan
In the Bedroom Thomas Newman (2001) **
In the Heart of the Sea Roque Baños (2015) ** 1/2 In My Dreams William Ross (2014) *** In the Electric Mist Marco Beltrami (2009) **** In the Valley of Elah Mark Isham (2007) *** 1/2 Inception Hans Zimmer (2010) ***** L'Inchiesta Andrea Morricone (2006) **** Inchon Jerry Goldsmith (1981) **** 1/2 The Incredibles Michael Giacchino (2004) **** Indecent Proposal John Barry (1993) **** Independence Day David Arnold (1996) ***** Independence Day: Resurgence Harald Kloser and Thomas Wander (2016) ** Indian Summers Stephen Warbeck (2015) **** Inferno Hans Zimmer (2016) *** Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom John Williams (1984) **** 1/2 Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull John Williams (2008) **** 1/2 The Indiana Jones Trilogy John Williams (2003 compilation) *** L'Industriale Andrea Morricone (2012) **** The Informan
In the Heart of the
Sea Roque Baños (2015) ** 1/2
In My Dreams William Ross (2014) *** In the Electric Mist Marco Beltrami (2009) **** In the Valley of Elah Mark Isham (2007) *** 1/2 Inception Hans Zimmer (2010) ***** L'Inchiesta Andrea Morricone (2006) **** Inchon Jerry Goldsmith (1981) **** 1/2 The Incredibles Michael Giacchino (2004) **** Indecent Proposal John Barry (1993) **** Independence Day David Arnold (1996) ***** Independence Day: Resurgence Harald Kloser and Thomas Wander (2016) ** Indian Summers Stephen Warbeck (2015) **** Inferno Hans Zimmer (2016) *** Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom John Williams (1984) **** 1/2 Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull John Williams (2008) **** 1/2 The Indiana Jones Trilogy John Williams (2003 compilation) *** L'Industriale Andrea Morricone (2012) **** The Informan
In My Dreams William Ross (2014) ***
In the Electric Mist Marco Beltrami (2009) **** In the Valley of Elah Mark Isham (2007) *** 1/2 Inception Hans Zimmer (2010) ***** L'Inchiesta Andrea Morricone (2006) **** Inchon Jerry Goldsmith (1981) **** 1/2 The Incredibles Michael Giacchino (2004) **** Indecent Proposal John Barry (1993) **** Independence Day David Arnold (1996) ***** Independence Day: Resurgence Harald Kloser and Thomas Wander (2016) ** Indian Summers Stephen Warbeck (2015) **** Inferno Hans Zimmer (2016) *** Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom John Williams (1984) **** 1/2 Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull John Williams (2008) **** 1/2 The Indiana Jones Trilogy John Williams (2003 compilation) *** L'Industriale Andrea Morricone (2012) **** The Informan
In the Electric Mist Marco Beltrami (2009) ****
In the Valley of Elah Mark Isham (2007) *** 1/2 Inception Hans Zimmer (2010) ***** L'Inchiesta Andrea Morricone (2006) **** Inchon Jerry Goldsmith (1981) **** 1/2 The Incredibles Michael Giacchino (2004) **** Indecent Proposal John Barry (1993) **** Independence Day David Arnold (1996) ***** Independence Day: Resurgence Harald Kloser and Thomas Wander (2016) ** Indian Summers Stephen Warbeck (2015) **** Inferno Hans Zimmer (2016) *** Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom John Williams (1984) **** 1/2 Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull John Williams (2008) **** 1/2 The Indiana Jones Trilogy John Williams (2003 compilation) *** L'Industriale Andrea Morricone (2012) **** The Informan
In the Valley of Elah Mark Isham (2007) *** 1/2 Inception Hans Zimmer (2010) ***** L'Inchiesta Andrea Morricone (2006) **** Inchon Jerry Goldsmith (1981) **** 1/2 The Incredibles Michael Giacchino (2004) **** Indecent Proposal John Barry (1993) **** Independence Day David Arnold (1996) ***** Independence Day: Resurgence Harald Kloser and Thomas Wander (2016) ** Indian Summers Stephen Warbeck (2015) **** Inferno Hans Zimmer (2016) *** Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom John Williams (1984) **** 1/2 Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull John Williams (2008) **** 1/2 The Indiana Jones Trilogy John Williams (2003 compilation) *** L'Industriale Andrea Morricone (2012) **** The Informant!
Claude Barras — «My Life as a Zucchini,» «Banquise (Icefloe)» Eric Beckman — «When Marnie Was There,» «Song of the
Sea» Jared Bush * — «Zootopia,» «Moana» Carlos E. Cabral — «Big Hero 6,» «Frozen» Giacun Caduff — «La Femme et le TGV,» «2B or Not 2B» John K. Carr — «How to Train Your Dragon 2,» «Over the Hedge» Jeeyun Sung Chisholm — «
Ice Age: Collision Course,» «The Peanuts Movie» Jericca Cleland — «Ratchet & Clank,» «Arthur Christmas» Andrew Coats — «Smash and Grab,» «Borrowed Time» John Cohen — «The Angry Birds Movie,» «Despicable Me» Lindsey Collins — «Finding Dory,» «WALL - E» Devin Crane — «Megamind,» «Monsters vs Aliens» Ricardo Curtis — «The Book of Life,» «Dr. Seuss» Horton Hears a Who» Richard Daskas — «Turbo,» «Sinbad: Legend of the Seven
Seas» Kristof Deák — «Sing,» «Losing It» Jason Deamer — «Piper,» «Monsters University» David DeVan — «Finding Dory,» «Brave» Walt Dohrn — «Trolls,» «Mr. Peabody & Sherman» Rob Dressel — «Moana,» «Big Hero 6» Stefan Eichenberger — «Heimatland (Wonderland),» «Parvaneh» David Eisenmann — «Pearl,» «Toy Story 3» Patrik Eklund — «Seeds of the Fall,» «Instead of Abracadabra» Steve Emerson * — «Kubo and the Two Strings,» «The Boxtrolls» Lise Fearnley — «Me and My Moulton,» «The Danish Poet» Mathias Fjellström — «Seeds of the Fall,» «Instead of Abracadabra» Arish Fyzee — «The Pirate Fairy,» «Planes» Juanjo Giménez — «Timecode,» «Maximum Penalty» Andrew Gordon — «Monsters University,» «Presto» Jinko Gotoh — «The Little Prince,» «9» Eric Guillon — «Sing,» «The Secret Life of Pets» Lou Hamou - Lhadj — «Borrowed Time,» «Day & Night» John Hill — «Turbo,» «Shrek Forever After» Steven «Shaggy» Hornby — «How to Train Your Dragon 2,» «Rise of the Guardians» Steven Clay Hunter — «Brave,» «The Incredibles» Alessandro Jacomini — «Big Hero 6,» «Tangled» Christopher Jenkins — «Home,» «Surf's Up» Sean D. Jenkins — «Wreck - It Ralph,» «Bolt» Phil Johnston * — «Zootopia,» «Wreck - ItRalph» Oliver Jones * — «Kubo and the Two Strings,» «ParaNorman» Mohit Kallianpur — «Frozen,» «Tangled» Max Karli — «My Life as a Zucchini,» «Victoria» Michael Kaschalk — «Big Hero 6,» «Paperman» Karsten Kiilerich — «Albert,» «When Life Departs» Timothy Lamb — «Trolls,» «Mr. Peabody & Sherman» Gina Warr Lawes — «Zootopia,» «Kung Fu Panda 2» Sang Jun Lee — «Rio 2,» «Epic» Meg LeFauve — «The Good Dinosaur,» «Inside Out» Jenny Lerew — «Mr. Peabody & Sherman,» «Flushed Away» Brad Lewis — «Storks,» «Ratatouille» Carl Ludwig — «Rio,» «
Ice Age» Andrew Okpeaha MacLean — «Feels Good,» «Sikumi (On the
Ice)» MaryAnn Malcomb — «Free Birds,» «Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron» Anders Mastrup — «Albert,» «When Life Departs» Moon Molson — «The Bravest, the Boldest,» «Crazy Beats Strong Every Time» Dave Mullins — «Cars 2,» «Up» Michelle Murdocca — «Hotel Transylvania,» «Open Season» Christopher Murrie * — «Kubo and the Two Strings,» «Coraline» Ramsey Naito — «The Boss Baby,» «The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie» Damon O'Beirne — «Kung Fu Panda 3,» «Rise of the Guardians» Hyrum Virl Osmond — «Moana,» «Frozen» Greg Pak — «Happy Fun Room,» «Super Power Blues» James Palumbo — «
Ice Age: Collision Course,» «
Ice Age: Continental Drift» Christine Panushka — «The Content of Clouds,» «The Sum of Them» Pierre Perifel — «Rise of the Guardians,» «Kung Fu Panda 2» Jeffrey Jon Pidgeon — «Monsters University,» «Up» David Pimentel — «Moana,» «Big Hero 6» Elvira Pinkhas — «
Ice Age: Collision Course,» «Rio 2» Kori Rae — «Monsters University,» «Tokyo Mater» Mahesh Ramasubramanian — «Home,» «Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted» Ferenc Rofusz — «Gravitáció (Gravitation),» «The Fly» Vicki Saulls — «The Peanuts Movie,» «
Ice Age: Continental Drift» Brad Schiff * — «Kubo and the Two Strings,» «The Boxtrolls» William Schwab — «Frozen,» «Wreck - It Ralph» Gina Shay — «Trolls,» «Shrek Forever After» Jeff Snow — «Over the Hedge,» «The Road to El Dorado» Peter Sohn — «The Good Dinosaur,» «Partly Cloudy» Debra Solomon — «My Kingdom,» «Getting Over Him
in 8 Songs or Less» David Soren — «Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie,» «Turbo» Cara Speller — «Pear Cider and Cigarettes,» «Pearl» Peggy Stern — «Chuck Jones: Memories of Childhood,» «The Moon and the Son: An Imagined Conversation» Michael Stocker — «Finding Dory,» «Toy Story 3» Arianne Sutner — «Kubo and the Two Strings,» «ParaNorman» Ennio Torresan — «Turbo,» «Till Sbornia Takes Us Apart» Géza M. Toth — «Mama,» «Maestro» Anna Udvardy — «Sing,» «Deep Breath» Wayne Unten — «Frozen,» «Tick Tock Tale» Theodore Ushev — «Blind Vaysha,» «Gloria Victoria» Robert Valley — «Pear Cider and Cigarettes,» «Shinjuku» Timo von Gunten — «La Femme et le TGV,» «Mosquito» Gil Zimmerman — «How to Train Your Dragon 2,» «Puss
in Boots» Marilyn Zornado — «Old - Time Film,» «Mona Lisa Descending a Staircase» Sound Peter Albrechtsen — «The Happiest Day
in the Life of Olli Mäki,» «The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo» Christopher Assells — «John Wick: Chapter 2,» «Spectre» David Bach — «13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi,» «Suicide Squad» Sylvain Bellemare — «Arrival,» «Incendies» Miriam Biderman — «Don't Call Me Son,» «The Second Mother» Charlotte Buys — «Call Me Thief,» «White Wedding» Charlie Campagna — «Blade Runner 2049,» «Nocturnal Animals» Harry Cohen — «The Fate of the Furious,» «The Hateful Eight» Mohammad Reza Delpak — «The Salesman,» «A Separation» Yann Delpuech — «The Founder,» «Saving Mr. Banks» José Luis Díaz — «Wild Tales,» «The Secret
in Their Eyes» Jesse K - D.
Ice formed during the
Ice Age is being given back to the
sea in our naturally warmer geological period, and man is making matters worse by pouring so much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that more heat is being trapped within it.
They are the most ancient of the Nordic dog breeds, scientific research [citation needed] indicates that the breed has been
in existence since before the last
Ice Age, surviving by eating fish and
sea birds.
The Blue Hole was a cave system formed
in the last
Ice Age and, when the
sea began to rise again, the caves flooded and the roof collapsed, creating a sink hole over 400ft deep.
As
sea levels rose during the last
Ice Age, the cave flooded and its roof collapsed into this sinkhole resulting
in a marine wonder known for its sparkling blue waters, wealth of coral formations, sharks and fish, and deep caves filled with stalactites.
Her dissertation research was a study of the influence of pleistocene
ice age history, biogeography, and micro-evolutionary and ecological processes
in shaping population genetic structure of the California
sea mussel, Mytilus californianus.
Formed
in the limestone substrata, they are officially called «karst - eroded sinkholes» and were created prior to the melting which ended the Great
Ice Age, when
sea levels were much lower than today.
Like other
sea - holes or «vertical caves,» the Great Blue Hole
in Belize's Lighthouse Reef actually formed on dry land, during a past
ice age when the
sea level was a lot lower than it is today.
The presently low maximum
sea ice extent in the Western Nordic Seas is unique over the last 800 years, and results from a sea ice decline started in late - nineteenth century after the Little Ice Age.&raq
ice extent
in the Western Nordic
Seas is unique over the last 800 years, and results from a
sea ice decline started in late - nineteenth century after the Little Ice Age.&raq
ice decline started
in late - nineteenth century after the Little
Ice Age.&raq
Ice Age.»
[this is useful, the pre-
ice age era, ~ 2.5 — 3.6 million years ago, last time CO2 levels were as high as today]
In response to Pliocene climate,
ice sheet models consistently produce near - complete deglaciation of the Greenland
ice sheet (+7 m) and West Antarctic
ice sheet (+4 m) and retreat of the marine margins of the Eastern Antarctic
ice sheet (+3 m)(Lunt et al., 2008; Pollard and DeConto, 2009; Hill et al., 2010), altogether corresponding to a global mean
sea level rise of up to 14 m.
Mike's work, like that of previous award winners, is diverse, and includes pioneering and highly cited work
in time series analysis (an elegant use of Thomson's multitaper spectral analysis approach to detect spatiotemporal oscillations
in the climate record and methods for smoothing temporal data), decadal climate variability (the term «Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation» or «AMO» was coined by Mike
in an interview with Science's Richard Kerr about a paper he had published with Tom Delworth of GFDL showing evidence
in both climate model simulations and observational data for a 50 - 70 year oscillation
in the climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel
in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role
in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published
in Nature),
in showing how changes
in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO,
in examining the role of solar variations
in explaining the pattern of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little
Ice Age, the relationship between the climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global
sea level, and even a bit of work
in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measurements).
The United States, despite having substantial scientific operations
in Antarctica and seeing ever more activity
in its Arctic waters, has been relying on a pair of
aging, decades - old heavy icebreakers to maintain mobility
in ice - cloaked
seas.
In our new take on the song, David added whale - ish notes on his bass clarinet along with samples of the crackle and shoosh of floating
sea ice and we added two new verses taking the story from the
ice - locked end of the little
ice age to this era of warming, melting and opening seaways.
The paper, combining evidence of driftwood accumulation and beach formation
in northern Greenland with evidence of past
sea -
ice extent
in parts of Canada, concludes that Arctic
sea ice appears to have retreated far more
in some spans since the end of the last
ice age than it has
in recent years.
I can't wait for the explanations when that happens — as
in that movie «The Day After,»
in which it is revealed that global warming actually leads to an
ice age because the Gulf Stream gets re-routed and no longer warms the North
Sea.
Melting permafrost outgasses CO2 and methane, and the decrease
in sea ice allows oceanic CO2 to mix back into the atmosphere; taken together, these processes greatly amplify the effect of increased sunlight, driving a relatively rapid exodus from the
ice age.
Below you'll hear from scientists with significant concerns about keystone sections of the paper — on the evidence for «superstorms»
in the last warm interval between
ice ages, the Eemian, and on the pace at which
seas could rise and the imminence of any substantial uptick
in the rate of coastal inundation.
The researchers suggest that the retreat of this
sea ice lid at the end of the last
ice age uncorked this vintage CO2, resulting
in an increase
in carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere.
A remarkable paper coming
in the Jan. 31 issue of Geophysical Research Letters has a title that says it all: «Abrupt onset of the Little
Ice Age triggered by volcanism and sustained by sea - ice / ocean feedbacks.&raq
Ice Age triggered by volcanism and sustained by
sea -
ice / ocean feedbacks.&raq
ice / ocean feedbacks.»
Remember for a long time «pingos» were surface land features — odd hills on the flat tundra,
in areas that that had been under the
ice age ice, then had been underwater as that
ice melted and
sea level rose, then exposed again during the next
ice age.
It is also possible for cold climates to increase chemical weathering
in some ways, by lowering
sea level to expose more land to erosion (though I'd guess this can also increase oxydation of C
in sediments) and by supplying more sediments via glacial erosion for chemical weathering (of course, those sediments must make it to warmer conditions to make the process effective — downhill and downstream, or perhaps via pulsed
ice ages -LRB-?)-RRB-.
In fact previous climate warming after the last
ice age did have significant negative impacts on early human settlements (evidence of periods of significant and rapid regional
sea level rise).
Instead, to constrain the Charney sensitivity from the
ice age cycle you need to specifically extract out those long term changes (
in ice sheets, vegetation,
sea level etc.) and then estimate the total radiative forcing including these changes as forcing, not responses.