Research from the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Centre has demonstrated that the number of bird species found
in shade coffee plantations is almost twice that found in sun grown coffee (Smithsonian 1994).
By maintaining abundant forest cover
in shade coffee plantations, they can function as buffer zones and can form the backbone to the biological corridor linking the two national parks and other forest fragments.
I talk about birds in coffee a lot on this site — how birds use and need the resources provided
in shade coffee farms is the inspiration for the site.
They were one of the most commonly encountered North American migrants
in shade coffee farms of Chiapas, Mexico.
About 120 to 150 ha are
in shade coffee production, much of it organic; 87 ha is now certified Bird - Friendly.
A review of ecosystem services, farmer livelihoods, and value chains
in shade coffee agroecoystems
Not exact matches
This
coffee is grown at an altitude between 3,200 and 3,900 feet, under
shade trees, with orange and tangerine trees planted People: Arabica
coffee farmers
in Kintamani are organized into traditional groups called Subak Abian.
In addition to organic, you'd ideally look for
coffee that's mycotoxin free (a toxin produced by mold) and / or
shade grown (meaning they need less chemicals to grow the
coffee).
One study suggests arthropod diversity alone — wasps, beetles, spiders, ants — found on a single tree species
in shade - grown
coffee plantations approximates that found under similar conditions
in undisturbed tropical forest.
His work has demonstrated the importance of
shade coffee to birds
in the country.
These
shade coffee farms provide critical refuge for birds and wildlife
in El Salvador.
It seems that both yield and quality is higher
in such conditions and that the market (ultimately the consumers) does not know how to separate between terms such as organic, song bird
coffee,
shade - grown
coffee, etc..
As El Salvador grows mainly older types of
coffee — mostly bourbons and pacas — they are typically grown
in shade.
Very little primary forest remains
in El Salvador, and
shade coffee farms represent much of the rest of the «forested» land
in the country.
While much of Mexico's organic
coffee is grown
in rustic
shade or traditional polyculture, Peru grows a lot of its organic
coffee in commercial polyculture or
shade monoculture (definitions here), a less - desirable situation for biodiversity.
Under this renovation scheme, Moringa will pay the approximately $ 4,000 per hectare
in renovation costs, making use of the new and advanced
coffee varieties developed and sold locally by ECOM (H1 and H3 hybrids, and Marsellesa) and plant timber and
shade trees.
In the last two decades, the value of
shade - grown (or simply
shade)
coffee farms for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision has gained widespread attention from the public and scientific communities (Perfecto et al. 1996, Tscharntke et al. 2011, Jha et al. 2012, De Beenhouwer et al. 2013).
For example, 81 % of the
coffee in Nicaragua and El Salvador grew under a
shade canopy
in 1996, and although recent surveys document declines
in shade tree diversity since then, these declines mostly occurred on larger farms;
in contrast, many smallholder cooperatives preserve high levels of biodiversity, including more than 100 species of
shade trees on fewer than 30 farms (Méndez et al. 2010a).
The importance of connectivity between
coffee and protected areas is tremendous, given the overlap and proximity of biodiversity hotspots and
coffee - growing regions (Hardner and Rice 2002) and the importance of
shaded coffee in the face of global climate change.
If they say their
coffee is «
shade grown» and the
coffee isn't certified by SMBC, I'd like to see an explanation of how they determined it really is grown
in shade.
Even more so than the areas we visited
in Panama, Finca Esperanza Verde and other
shade coffee farms are critical to birds and other wildlife
in Nicaragua.
On my recent trip to Nicaragua, I was fortunate to have a chance to meet Lili and Georges Duriaux - Chavarría, owners of Finca El Jaguar, a forest reserve and
shade coffee farm
in Jinotega.
I summarized what I found
in my post «What
shade coffee looks like.»
I know a number of University of Michigan graduate students who have done thesis work on
coffee farms
in Costa Rica, and they have all told me there is very little true
shade in the farms.
In addition, some
coffees from
shade certified farms are not sold with the «seal» if the retailer decides not to market it as such.
Last year
in my post The (de) evolution of Rainforest Alliance
shade criteria, I outlined the incremental relaxation of the criteria for
shade over agroforestry crops — what the public understands to signify «
shade - grown
coffee.»
In countries where robusta cultivation has been encouraged and expanding, such as Vietnam, shade agroforestry systems and native forests have been removed in favor of growing the coffee in full su
In countries where robusta cultivation has been encouraged and expanding, such as Vietnam,
shade agroforestry systems and native forests have been removed
in favor of growing the coffee in full su
in favor of growing the
coffee in full su
in full sun.
This study looked at pollinators
in coffee farms
in Veracruz, Mexico that used various types of
shade management.
In this case, we see that increased shade (especially diversity in the shade management) encourages a wider diversity of pollinating insects, which in turn leads to higher fruit set in the coffee and thus higher yield
In this case, we see that increased
shade (especially diversity
in the shade management) encourages a wider diversity of pollinating insects, which in turn leads to higher fruit set in the coffee and thus higher yield
in the
shade management) encourages a wider diversity of pollinating insects, which
in turn leads to higher fruit set in the coffee and thus higher yield
in turn leads to higher fruit set
in the coffee and thus higher yield
in the
coffee and thus higher yields.
If this conversion occurs, will robusta be grown under
shade, or will
shaded arabica
coffee plantations or forests be replaced by robusta grown
in sun monocultures?
Unfortunately, so are some
coffees that are grown under conditions that might not be best for biodiversity, such as
shaded monoculture, or conceivably even
in full sun, if a retailer or distributor were particularly, um, «shady.»
(I use these terms all the time myself; I define
shade according to this
shade management diagram, and the definition I use for «sustainable
coffee» is
in a box on the User Guide page.)
The eye - popping Paradise Tanager is a species that has been found
in Peruvian
shade coffee farms, but not
in nearby sun
coffee.
According to the press release, the certified bean portion of KLM's
coffee comes from
shaded coffee farms
in the highlands of Colombia and the cerrado region of Brazil.
I'm sure the Brazilian
coffee isn't
shaded, since cerrado is savannah, not forest, and RA standards call for «Farms
in areas where the original natural vegetation is not forest must dedicate at least 30 % of the farm area for conservation or recovery of the area's typical ecosystems.»
She then started «growing fertilizer» by planting avocado trees that provide
shade for delicate
coffee bushes, organic nutrients for the soil (the fallen leaves that now carpet much of the farm), and extra income for the family when the fruits are
in season.
In Venezuela, they were found foraging in the coffee understory as well as in the canopy of shade coffee farm
In Venezuela, they were found foraging
in the coffee understory as well as in the canopy of shade coffee farm
in the
coffee understory as well as
in the canopy of shade coffee farm
in the canopy of
shade coffee farms.
A look at the charming and lively American Redstart, a warbler commonly found
in Latin American
shade coffee farms
in winter.
It inspired my love of birds and my career, and is symbolic of «our» birds that winter
in the tropics on
shade coffee farms.
I was unable to determine a precise source for this
coffee, although the importer notes the varieties are bourbon, typica (both those require some
shade), cataui, and caturra (both of those used
in CR for sun
coffee).
This paper looked at the diversity and abundance of frogs and salamanders
in an area of tropical montane cloud forest,
shade coffee farms, and corn plantations
in southern Mexico.
I wish that promoters of
shade grown
coffee would not try to sell their products
in which they are fooling people into falsely believing that
shade grown tastes better.
First, the statement: «
In regions where climate conditions permit it, SAN - certified
coffee typically has 60 - 70 %
shade canopy, or even more.»
For the most concise before - and - after comparison of the changes
in the
shade requirements for Rainforest Alliance certification, I provide below the criteria for
coffee from the 2005 SAN standard.
A 40 %
shade tree level
in many
coffee production areas is impossible to meet and can increase the incidence of fungus attacks or even lead to a lower farm income or financial losses.
In regions where climate conditions permit, SAN - certified coffee typically has 60 - 70 % shade or in some cases, an even higher percentag
In regions where climate conditions permit, SAN - certified
coffee typically has 60 - 70 %
shade or
in some cases, an even higher percentag
in some cases, an even higher percentage.
I am currently working with small scale farmers
in the Ecuadorian highlands and we have recently become interested
in the idea of growing
shade - grown
coffee as a way of sustaining the local growers and preserving some of the native forests
in the region.
For instance, 40 %
shade canopy coverage was previously recommended for
coffee in much of Central America, but these recommendations are changing
in some places as
coffee rust decimates
coffee crops.
I understand that
shade over the crop is not always appropriate —
in which case I believe a good alternative would be a mitigation requirement for a contiguous forested patch or ecologically equivalent habitat of the same size as the
coffee crop elsewhere on the farm.
ABC has continued to work on reforestation projects
in South America which includes
shade coffee farms.