Sentences with phrase «in simpler organisms»

Currently, stem cell research focuses on renewal and differentiation of stem cells and the molecular mechanisms of its pluripotency - or their ability to develop into any type of cell - using human embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and stem cells in simpler organisms.

Technologies to visualize neurons in live subjects — as well as process such gargantuan volumes of data — do not yet exist, so only post-mortem studies in simpler organisms are even presently imaginable.

Neuroscientists vying to find credible consciousness indicators in simpler organisms may be overlooking the most direct way to do so...

Iñaki Ruiz - Trillo, a biologist at the Institute for Biological Evolution in Barcelona, believes that in these simpler organisms, integrin genes may contribute to the formation of spore sacs.

Perhaps they do something different in these simpler organisms, and membrane remodeling evolved later.

Microbial geneticists Paul Rainey and Michael Travisano of Oxford University wanted to examine diversification in simpler organisms within the confines of the lab.

But while this study has proved that the technique works in a simple organism, it could also be applied to other bacterial species, yeast or even human cells to find useful information about how genes are controlled and how they can be manipulated.

For instance, in simple organisms such as yeast, when genetic material becomes damaged, the affected DNA strands increase their motion, waving about inside the cell like a sail unfurled.

«We have an under - appreciation for how sensory systems in simple organisms are used for fairly sophisticated adaptations.»

«In those simple organisms, scientists teased out exactly what the repeat region was doing, and the same principles were at work in human cells.

His studies focus on the fundamental mechanisms of aging in simple organisms and mice and on how they can be translated to humans.

Not exact matches

The DNA programming required to create life capable of replicating in even the most simple single celled organism is far far more complex than anything mankind has ever built.

Just as a mountain climber can not jump to the top of the Matterhorn, a (relatively) simple organism like a bacterium can not even conceivably become a complex plant or animal except in very gradual stages.

Scientists have created artificial life (simple single cell organisms) in the lab already.

Recombinant DNA research has been done primarily on bacteria, one - celled organisms smaller than animal or plant cells and simpler in structure, yet capable of very complex chemical activity.

In various experiments with various conditions, scientists have been able to create a wide range of cell - like structures of increasing complexity on the road toward a simple self - replicating organism.

I'll even offer observations - humans have manipulated existing organisms dna, created new virus and bacteria, clone animals, and attempt to create new animals - yet simple minded folks still reject the idea that another more intelligent creature might have done the same thing and created life on earth in the same fashion while at the same time acknowledging that there is a strong likelihood of other life existing in this universe - talk about being dumbed down and arrogant.

There are not enough inert (dead) elements in the universe to create one simple living organism.

In vegetables and perhaps in very simple animals no such dominant occasion occurs, but in the higher organisms, especially where a fully developed central nervous system and brain is found, there is strong indication of centralized control of many aspects of the animals behavioIn vegetables and perhaps in very simple animals no such dominant occasion occurs, but in the higher organisms, especially where a fully developed central nervous system and brain is found, there is strong indication of centralized control of many aspects of the animals behavioin very simple animals no such dominant occasion occurs, but in the higher organisms, especially where a fully developed central nervous system and brain is found, there is strong indication of centralized control of many aspects of the animals behavioin the higher organisms, especially where a fully developed central nervous system and brain is found, there is strong indication of centralized control of many aspects of the animals behavior.

With the increase in complexity new entities emerge — the classical world out of the quantum world, molecules and chemical processes out of atomic structures, simple living organisms out of complex molecular structures.

If the material encasement be coarse and simple, as in the lower organisms, it permits only a little intelligence to permeate through it; if it is delicate and complex, it leaves more pores and exits, as it were, for the manifestations of consciousness....

In such cases of the simplest organisms, they may respond sympathetically to (or feel) their nearest equal neighbors in a community - like relationshiIn such cases of the simplest organisms, they may respond sympathetically to (or feel) their nearest equal neighbors in a community - like relationshiin a community - like relationship.

This is just one example of the many problems that must be overcome in order to find a «natural» explanation for the evolution of complex organisms from simpler ones.

DE: This seems to me to be what his philosophy of organism should have gone for, and when he said he was trying to make this a bridge notion between the biological and physical sciences, I think the link is in his notion of the «non-uniform object» of which the simplest example is the wave.

While some of the metamorphoses that DO occur in nature, eg caterpillar into butterfly or tadpole into frog, are as spectacular or arguably even more spectacular than your fish to frog morph, the simple fact is that evolution doesn't happen to individual organisms.

What all these have in common is that, without any central control, individual units (genes, cells neurons or workers) respond to simple, local information, in ways that allow the whole system (cells, brains, organisms or colonies) to function: the appropriate number of units performs each activity at the appropriate time.

In the simplest case, the colony evolved into organisms made of cells that were mediocre at both tasks.

In even simple organisms like bacteria, however, researchers have observed a distinct molecular traffic flow to reduce head - on collisions between enzymes engaged in different taskIn even simple organisms like bacteria, however, researchers have observed a distinct molecular traffic flow to reduce head - on collisions between enzymes engaged in different taskin different tasks.

Hartman suggested in 1984 that the nucleus arose when a hypothetical cell that stored its genetic information as RNA instead of DNA and possessed a simple cytoskeleton became the host for an archaeal organism.

That might not sound like much but populations of many simple organisms can number in the trillions, with new generations appearing every hour or less.

The complexity of mammals led Kandel to try to find a simpler organism to use in his studies.

Scientists knew that fruit flies, cockroaches, and other simple organisms have sensory processors that resemble a cortex, but these were «always interpreted as a striking example of convergent evolution of unrelated structures,» says molecular biologist Raju Tomer, who led the study at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Germany.

They found simple organisms known as prokaryotes in every sample.

The sea slug was the model organism for Kreiner's thesis research, which explored how cellular mechanisms mediate simple behaviors and led to a publication in Science.

To explain how his hypothetical code - script might work — it had to be extremely complicated because it involved «all the future development of the organism» — Schrödinger resorted to some simple mathematics to show how the variety of different molecules found in an organism could be encoded.

From analysis of protein and DNA sequences in a large number of modern organisms, Trifonov and his colleagues Alexander Berman and Eugene Kolker have discovered what they think is a legacy of this simple form of genetic material.

Collins said that because Hydra is such a simple animal and because it is able to regenerate after complete dissociation into individual cells, it offers researchers the opportunity to use similar techniques as the ones employed in their experiments to examine how an organism develops from an unstructured group of cells into a complex body plan.

Requiring just nine simple gene edits, in naturally occurring organisms, and based on phosphite — a readily available industrial waste product; it is extremely cost and time effective.

Several previously reported genes from simpler organisms code for proteins that oscillate in abundance.

This means that its components and functions are similar in diverse species from simple organisms like fruit flies to mice and even humans.

The only seemingly safe assumptions were that viruses will always be smaller in both physical size and genomic content than the simplest bacteria and that viruses had to have evolved after those same cellular organisms, on which their parasitism depends.

The scientists sought the answer of a simple question — are soil organisms still risky after a year in the sun?

Homovanillate is the breakdown product of dopamine (a major neurotransmitter), indicating an imbalance in dopamine catabolism (the breaking down in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones with the release of energy).

A simpler organism is more likely to leave a simpler trace that can be confused with something that is not biological, like a squiggle or a crack in the rock, says Buckley.

Life on Earth likely emerged in the deep ocean, where simple organisms fed off toxic gas from volcanic vents.

Although pond snails reach only 7 cm in length, its simple neural network and physiology make it a popular model organism with neurobiologists.

«A lot of what organisms do could actually be engineered in a much simpler way,» Wagner said.

This is one of the first times that scientists have found simple, genetically similar organisms that communicate across long distances — yeast and slime mold, in contrast, require direct contact.

In a 2012 paper in Neuron, based on meetings organized by the Oxnard, California - based Kavli Foundation, Yuste and colleagues laid out a plan to progress gradually from mapping the brain activity of simple model organisms such as the fruit fly to charting the brains of creatures that contain roughly 1 million neurons, such as the Etruscan shreIn a 2012 paper in Neuron, based on meetings organized by the Oxnard, California - based Kavli Foundation, Yuste and colleagues laid out a plan to progress gradually from mapping the brain activity of simple model organisms such as the fruit fly to charting the brains of creatures that contain roughly 1 million neurons, such as the Etruscan shrein Neuron, based on meetings organized by the Oxnard, California - based Kavli Foundation, Yuste and colleagues laid out a plan to progress gradually from mapping the brain activity of simple model organisms such as the fruit fly to charting the brains of creatures that contain roughly 1 million neurons, such as the Etruscan shrew.

There's a lot of attention right now on how neurons fire and interact with each other, but the truth is, we don't even understand how a brain develops — even in the most simple of organisms like C. elegans, a worm with only 300 brain cells.