Sentences with phrase «in terrestrial atmospheres»

Laraia, A. L., and T. Schneider, 2015: Superrotation in terrestrial atmospheres.

G. Milinevsky, G., Y. Yatskiv, O. Degtyaryov, I. Syniavskyi, Y. Ivanov, A. Bovchaliuk, M. Mishchenko, V. Danylevsky, M. Sosonkin, and V. Bovchaliuk, 2015: Remote sensing of aerosol in the terrestrial atmosphere from space: New missions.

Gorshkov V.G., Makarieva A.M. (2008) The osmotic condensational force of water vapor in the terrestrial atmosphere, Preprint 2763, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, 43 pp.

Not exact matches

Although the oceans are currently the greatest carbon sink, terrestrial carbon sinks also play a significant role in keeping the carbon out of the atmosphere.

Two recent models for the formation of the Moon, one that allows exchange through a silicate atmosphere (top), and another that creates a more thoroughly mixed sphere of a supercritical fluid (bottom), lead to different predictions for potassium isotope ratios in lunar and terrestrial rocks (right).

Their finding that the lunar rocks are enriched in the heavier potassium isotope does not favor the silicate atmosphere model, which predicts lunar rocks will contain less of the heavier isotope than terrestrial rocks, the opposite of what the scientists found.

If scientists can collect and analyze samples of the terrestrial oxygen embedded in lunar soil, it could provide insights into how Earth's atmosphere has evolved over the eons.

ICON will simultaneously measure the characteristics of charged particles in the ionosphere and neutral particles in the atmosphere — including those shaped by terrestrial weather — to understand how they interact.

Electric currents that flow into and out of the ionosphere, which AMPERE monitors, have various effects on it as well as the atmosphere in general that can cause problems with tracking LEO space debris, the use of GPS systems, and even terrestrial power plants — as was the case when a geomagnetic storm took down Quebec's power grid in 1989, Anderson says, adding, «The operators didn't know what was happening.»

The working group on coupled biogeochemical cycling and controlling factors dealt with questions regarding the role of plankton diversity, how ocean biogeochemistry will respond to global changes on decadal to centennial time scales, the key biogeochemical links between the ocean, atmosphere, and climate, and the role of estuaries, shelves, and marginal seas in the capturing, transformation, and exchange of terrestrial and open - marine material.

But smaller - scale bursts called terrestrial gamma - ray flashes (TGFs) can occur much closer to home, erupting thousands of times a year in association with lightning strikes during storms in Earth's atmosphere.

«Of the carbon dioxide human beings put into the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation,» Berry says, «roughly a third remains in the atmosphere, a third goes into terrestrial ecosystems, and a third goes into the ocean.»

«The model we developed and applied couples biospheric feedbacks from oceans, atmosphere, and land with human activities, such as fossil fuel emissions, agriculture, and land use, which eliminates important sources of uncertainty from projected climate outcomes,» said Thornton, leader of the Terrestrial Systems Modeling group in ORNL's Environmental Sciences Division and deputy director of ORNL's Climate Change Science Institute.

In this latest study, the team of researchers applied empirical and process - based models, to analyze local areas, as well as the global surface, and the effect of temperature and water availability variations on carbon exchange between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere.

«Our finding that vegetation plays a key role future in terrestrial hydrologic response and water stress is of utmost importance to properly predict future dryness and water resources,» says Gentine, whose research focuses on the relationship between hydrology and atmospheric science, land / atmosphere interaction, and its impact on climate change.

«[This] study has important global implications, because we know early plants cooled the climate and increased the oxygen level in the Earth's atmosphere,» conditions that supported the expansion of terrestrial animal life, says Tim Lenton, an earth system scientist at the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom who was not involved with the work.

CO2 concentrations would start to fall immediately since the ocean and terrestrial biosphere would continue to absorb more carbon than they release as long as the CO2 level in the atmosphere is higher than pre-industrial levels (approximately).

Walls that are covered in plants could increase the overall stocks of biomass, and thus the proportion of of carbon stored in terrestrial ecosystems compared to in the atmosphere.

«Titan is an especially interesting target for exploration because the organic chemistry now taking place there provides the only planetary - scale laboratory for studying processes that may have been important in the prebiotic terrestrial atmosphere,» the report added, meaning that on Titan is chemistry that could have been similar to what was present on Earth before life arose.

It has sometimes been argued that the earth's biosphere (in large part, the terrestrial biosphere) may have the capacity to sequestor much of the increased carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere associated with human fossil fuel burning.

It's possible that instead of forming as terrestrial planets in place, rocky planets orbiting their stars every few days formed further out beyond the snow line where they accreted large amounts of gas before migrating and being stripped of their atmospheres.

Photochemistry in terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres.

Owen, J. E. & Mohanty, S. Habitability of terrestrial - mass planets in the HZ of M dwarfs — I. H / He - dominated atmospheres.

Carozza et al (2011) find that natural global warming occurred in 2 stages: First, global warming of 3 ° to 9 ° C accompanied by a large bolus of organic carbon released to the atmosphere through the burning of terrestrial biomass (Kurtz et al, 2003) over approximately a 50 - year period; second, a catastrophic release of methane hydrate from sediment, followed by the oxidation of a part of this methane gas in the water column and the escape of the remaining CH4 to the atmosphere over a 50 - year period.

As high - altitude clouds and hazes are not expected in hydrogen - dominated atmospheres around planets with such insolation15, 16, these observations further support their terrestrial and potentially habitable nature.

We focus on planets and moons orbiting stars bright enough for future atmosphere follow - up, especially Mini - to Super-Earths (rocky terrestrial planets of 0.5 - 10 Earth masses) orbiting in the «Habitable Zones» around their host stars.

But whether policies to stabilize greenhouse gases in the atmosphere should include this terrestrial source of CO2 is under debate.

One well - known model for the beginnings of life on Earth posits that terrestrial life sprang from complex molecules such as amino acids and sugars produced by electrical discharges in a primeval atmosphere replete with gases such as methane, hydrogen, ammonia and water.

Berkeley Lab received these competitive awards from ARPA - E's Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) program, which seeks to develop crops that take carbon out of the atmosphere and store it in soil — enabling a 50 percent increase in carbon deposition depth and accumulation while also reducing nitrous oxide emissions by 50 percent and increasing water productivity by 25 percent.

1:20 PM Liu - Abundance Studies of Stellar Hosts of Terrestrial Planets 1:40 PM Kitiashvili - 3D Realistic Modeling of Stellar Convection as a Tool to Study Effects of Stellar Jitter on RV Measurements 2:00 PM Crossfield - Planet Densities (invited) 2:30 PM Break and Poster Viewing 3:00 PM Guyon - Coronagraphs for Planet Detection (invited) 3:30 PM Martins - Exoplanet Reflections in the era of Giant Telescopes 3:50 PM Close - Direct Detection of Exoplanets with GMT AO: A proof of concept design for a GMT Phase A ExAO planet imager 4:10 PM Direct Imaging Discussion - Led by Jared Males 5:20 PM End of meeting for the day 5:30 PM Buses depart for Monterey Bay Aquarium 6:00 PM Conference Banquet Wednesday, September 28 7:30 - 9:00 AM Breakfast 9:00 AM Lewis - JWST - ELT Synergy (invited) 9:30 AM Greene - Characterizing exoplanet atmospheres with JWST 9:50 AM Morzinski - Breaking degeneracies in understanding fundamental exoplanet properties with ELTs 10:10 AM Break and Poster Viewing 11:00 AM Cotton - Detecting Clouds in Hot Jupiters with Linear Polarisation 11:20 AM Boss - Summary

In his early stage of research, he was involved in the field of the earth's upper atmosphere like observations of terrestrial airglow and aurora, as well as the ozone layeIn his early stage of research, he was involved in the field of the earth's upper atmosphere like observations of terrestrial airglow and aurora, as well as the ozone layein the field of the earth's upper atmosphere like observations of terrestrial airglow and aurora, as well as the ozone layer.

Knowing that the terrestrial atmosphere absorbs some of the infrared rays coming from space, astronomers (both amateurs and professionals) began to collect airborne data beginning in the 1930's.

Hubble, about as big and heavy as a school bus but a lot faster — it orbits some 350 miles above Earth at 17,500 miles per hour — is much more than a swiftly careening camera, and it gets much better resolution than earthbound telescopes because there's no terrestrial atmosphere in the way.

With the current GHG content in the atmosphere, more solar energy arrives than leaves via radiation -LRB-.85 + / -.15 Watt / m ^ 2), which raises the heat content of the terrestrial system, i.e., the average temperature over the whole earth + oceans + atmosphere.

In 1862 he wrote, «As a dam built across a river causes a local deepening of the stream, so our atmosphere, thrown as a barrier across the terrestrial [infrared] rays, produces a local heightening of the temperature at the Earth's surface.»

The discussion talks explicitly about how diminishing terrestrial and ocean carbon sinks over time require reduced CO2 emissions from fossil fuels / land use to achieve stabilization goals at various levels (e.g. 550 ppmv of CO2 in the atmosphere).

The work is an estimate of the global average based on a single - column, time - average model of the atmosphere and surface (with some approximations — e.g. the surface is not truly a perfect blackbody in the LW (long - wave) portion of the spectrum (the wavelengths dominated by terrestrial / atmospheric emission, as opposed to SW radiation, dominated by solar radiation), but it can give you a pretty good idea of things (fig 1 shows a spectrum of radiation to space); there is also some comparison to actual measurements.

In my model, that is to say neglecting surprises but just considering the atmosphere / ocean / CaCO3 system, if we stopped releasing CO2 today and closed the terrestrial biosphere to either releases or uptake of carbon, just closed the system, CO2 would relax down to some value higher than today.

And just as increased algal productivity at sea increases the emission of sulfur gases to the atmosphere, ultimately leading to more and brighter clouds over the world's oceans, so too do CO2 - induced increases in terrestrial plant productivity lead to enhanced emissions of various sulfur gases over land, where they likewise ultimately cool the planet.

Says http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/soil-carbon-storage-84223790, soils hold 80 percent of the carbon in terrestrial ecosystems, and hold 3.1 times the quantity in the atmosphere.

Furthermore, the key global energy balance consideration for the terrestrial greenhouse that is in hydrostatic and thermal equilibrium, is that the solar energy that is absorbed by the ground surface and atmosphere must be balanced by the outgoing LW emission to space.

For a super simple explanation to a general audience, I quote what John Tyndall wrote back in 1862: «As a dam built across a river causes a local deepening of the stream, so our atmosphere, thrown as a barrier across the terrestrial [infrared] rays, produces a local heightening of the temperature at the Earth's surface.»

This estimate is based on the carbon mass in the atmosphere and up take rates for the oceans and terrestrial biosphere.

Then when they have partitioned themselves according to the original distribution, we will still have 15 % of the green molecules in the atmosphere, and these will only disappear over the longer time that it takes for mixing with the deep ocean and permanent uptake in the terrestrial sink, possibly more than 1000 years.

Your typical CO2 molecule will spend 3 years in the atmosphere before being taken up by the ocean or terrestrial biosphere.

In other words, about 40 % (174/441.5) of the additional carbon has remained in the atmosphere, while the remaining 60 % has been transferred to the oceans and terrestrial biospherIn other words, about 40 % (174/441.5) of the additional carbon has remained in the atmosphere, while the remaining 60 % has been transferred to the oceans and terrestrial biospherin the atmosphere, while the remaining 60 % has been transferred to the oceans and terrestrial biosphere.

The amount of CO2 added to our atmosphere by terrestrial volcanoes is estimated to represent only a small fraction of that emitted by humans, but the total amount entering our climate system via the ocean from submarine volcanoes and fissures in the Earth's crust is unknown.

Further increased efforts will be needed in linking terrestrial ecosystems with the atmosphere, the land with the ocean, the ocean (and its ecosystems) with the atmosphere, the chemistry of the atmosphere with the physics of the atmosphere, and finally linking the human system to them all.

I read the CDIAC quote provided by Robert as; only 40 % of the additional CO2 added to the environment by manmade activities remains in the atmosphere while the balance, 60 %, has been transferred back to planet earth (oceans and terrestrial biosphere).

The Ecosystems Climate Alliance (ECA) is an alliance of environment and social NGOs committed to keeping natural terrestrial ecosystems intact and their carbon out of the atmosphere, in an equitable and transparent way that respects the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.