Sentences with phrase «in the average surface»

Two decades after the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, most governments have agreed that limiting the increase in the average surface temperature of the Earth to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels would represent a tolerable amount of global warming.

However, it is generally not possible to «tune» the models to fit very specific bits of the surface data and the evidence for that is the remaining (significant) offsets in average surface temperatures in the observations and the models.

Is the past 10 to 15 years — which have seen little net change in the average surface temperature of the Earth despite ever - larger carbon dioxide emissions — an indication that climate change will not be as bad as previously projected?

The heat that humans generate globally via fossil fuels is not nearly enough to make much difference in average surface temperatures.

It would follow the Manabe - Strickler type pure radiative profile that results in an average surface temperature of 60 C. I'm not sure if there's some way to have convection without convective mixing, but if condensation is still allowed I'd expect it to still follow a moist adiabat.

We might expect «global warming» (i.e., an increase in average surface air temperatures over a few decades) to lead to a rise in global mean sea levels.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide build up produces a greenhouse effect that re-radiates some of the thermal wave lengths from the Earth's surface, which would otherwise escape into space, back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere leading to the increase in average surface temperatures.

Change in average surface temperature is a useful proxy or predictor of other phenomena.

Global warming refers to the rise in the average surface temperature of the earth.

The change in the heat balance of Earth is in such case much less than the change in the average surface temperature.

Maps show projected change in average surface air temperature in the later part of this century (2071 - 2099) relative to the later part of the last century (1970 - 1999) under a scenario that assumes substantial reductions in heat trapping gases (B1) and a higher emissions scenario that assumes continued increases in global emissions (A2).

Since the very warm surface temperatures of 1998 which followed the strong 1997 - 98 El NinÌ o, the increase in average surface temperature has slowed relative to the previous decade of rapid temperature increases, with more of the excess heat being stored in the oceans.

Although the increase in average surface temperature has stalled over the past 16 years, average temperatures in the deep ocean — where most of the extra heat in the climate system is stored — has continued to rise.

If we are not looking for an indicator for warming but are really interested in the average surface temperature itself then we must naturally include all data points.

For the last decade, atmospheric CO2 has increased without a significant increase in the average surface temperature of the earth.

How atmospheric and ocean circulation responds to various changes in forcing would need to be detailed if someone wanted to «prove» anthropogenic forcing is involved other than a minor increase in the average surface temperature.

The map below presents the estimated change in average surface air temperature for 2014 relative to the thirty - year average from 1981 to 2010.

Otherwise we are locking the world into as much as a 9 degrees Fahrenheit increase in average surface temperature over the next century, which could well destabilize our climate.

In computer - based models, rising concentrations of greenhouse gases produce an increase in the average surface temperature of the earth over time.

Since the very warm surface temperatures of 1998 which followed the strong 1997 - 98 El Niño, the increase in average surface temperature has slowed relative to the previous decade of rapid temperature increases, with more of the excess heat being stored in the oceans.

Two decades after the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, most governments have agreed that limiting the increase in the average surface temperature of the Earth to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels would represent a tolerable amount of global warming.

From what I can gather from Salby's podcast, a 0.8 °C change in average surface temperature is supposed to lead to about 120ppmv change in CO2.

>> Recognition of the sensitivity of global climate dynamics to small changes in average surface temperature implies that the degree of safety assumed in the policy target of limiting increase to no more than 2 °C above the pre-industrial value, is a delusion.

With regard to LC effect on surface temperature, I would think that to the extent that there's any validity in the «climate sensitivity» approach — that is to say, that a change in average surface temperature can be said to cause a proportional increase in radiated energy at TOA — it should be possible to adjust the standard formula to allow for such an effect.

Not exact matches

If all nations fully achieve their Paris pledges, however, the average global surface temperature in 2100 is expected to be 3.3 degrees.

Surface - level parking in the US can cost from $ 670 to $ 3,300 annually per space, depending on the location and land costs — in suburban areas, the average is about $ 900 — according to a recent report by the Victoria Transport Policy Institute.

Google already flags hotel prices that are above or below the average price, but its new feature will surface all hotels that are currently offering a deal in your desired location.

One study out of Duke University found a higher - than - average presence of methane in water wells located close to fracking operations, but methane in groundwater can come from a variety of sources, including organic decomposition near the surface.

The median manufacturing worker without a bachelor's degree earned $ 15 an hour in 2015, a dollar more than similarly educated workers in other industries.1 But those averages obscure a great deal of variation beneath the surface.

Although most developed markets closed out the year with modest or negative returns (when expressed in U.S. dollars), considerable volatility occurred beneath the surface of the market averages.

Obviously you don't realize that an asteriod the size of just the Empire State Building that actually makes it to the surface of the earth at the average speed of most objects coming from the asteroid belt in our solar system would cause enough destruction and devastation on earth to wipe out most if not all of the planet.

Most scientists and climatologists agree that weird weather is at least in part the result of global warming — a steady increase in the average temperature of the surface of the Earth thought to be caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gasses produced by human activity.

In particular, the standard surface area mimics the average size that both matches the nipple of mother and fits the size of several Playtex bottles.

Medications, cleaning supplies, knives, hot surfaces, electrical hazards, choking hazards and other dangers lurk around every corner in the average home.

We see in the picture surfaces of constant wind around Earth, averaged over time.

«If we assume an average microplastics concentration on the day we took the water sample in Rees, we can say that the Rhine contributes a daily load of more than 191 million plastic particles to the North Sea, and that only takes into account the surface.

The southern pole of Saturn's 300 - mile - wide moon spits an average of 56 gallons of water a second into space via geysers in its icy surface.

«There has been an average of one additional tropical cyclone for each 0.1 - degree Celsius increase in sea surface temperature and one hurricane for each 0.2 - degree Celsius rise,» they write in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A.

The results show that even though there has been a slowdown in the warming of the global average temperatures on the surface of Earth, the warming has continued strongly throughout the troposphere except for a very thin layer at around 14 - 15 km above the surface of Earth where it has warmed slightly less.

If Earth were a perfect sphere, perfectly uniform in density and covered to a uniform depth with ocean, the geoid — a word coined by geologists to refer to an imaginary plane located at the average level of the sea's surface — would be a perfect sphere as well.

In January 2005, for example, Ohio State University geophysicist Ralph von Frese and his colleagues noticed a concentration of higher - than - average - density material in the rock about a mile under the surface of the East Antarctic ice sheeIn January 2005, for example, Ohio State University geophysicist Ralph von Frese and his colleagues noticed a concentration of higher - than - average - density material in the rock about a mile under the surface of the East Antarctic ice sheein the rock about a mile under the surface of the East Antarctic ice sheet.

Beneath the plastic surface of the DVD, tiny pits and level spots called lands are arranged in a spiral with a 0.74 - micron pitch about the size of an average bacterium.

Researchers discovered the likely mechanism behind petrichor only in 2015: A study in Nature Communications found that the average raindrop hits a porous surface with enough force to trap air bubbles at point of impact.

Under midrange projections for economic growth and technological change, the planet's average surface temperature in 2050 will be about two degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) higher than its preindustrial value.

Most climatologists expect that on average the atmospheres water vapor content will increase in response to surface warming caused by the long - lived greenhouse gases, further accelerating the overall warming trend.

As of March 2013, surface waters of the tropical north Atlantic Ocean remained warmer than average, while Pacific Ocean temperatures declined from a peak in late fall.

With an El Niño now under way — meaning warm surface waters in the Pacific are releasing heat into the atmosphere — and predicted to intensify, it looks as if the global average surface temperature could jump by around 0.1 °C in just one year.

According to NOAA scientists, the globally averaged temperature over land and ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the highest for August since record keeping began in 1880.

In the latter half of the decade, La Niña conditions persisted in the eastern and central tropical Pacific, keeping global surface temperatures about 0.1 degree C colder than average — a small effect compared with long - term global warming but a substantial one over a decadIn the latter half of the decade, La Niña conditions persisted in the eastern and central tropical Pacific, keeping global surface temperatures about 0.1 degree C colder than average — a small effect compared with long - term global warming but a substantial one over a decadin the eastern and central tropical Pacific, keeping global surface temperatures about 0.1 degree C colder than average — a small effect compared with long - term global warming but a substantial one over a decade.

The study found that after the initial decrease of solar radiation in 2020, globally averaged surface air temperature cooled by up to several tenths of a degree Celsius.