Sentences with phrase «in tropical surface waters»

[Response: The ratio of dissolved CO2 to CO32 - is about 1:10 preanthropogenic in tropical surface waters.

Although kelp forests are unknown in tropical surface waters, a few species of Laminaria have been known to occur exclusively in tropical deep waters.

Not exact matches

As of March 2013, surface waters of the tropical north Atlantic Ocean remained warmer than average, while Pacific Ocean temperatures declined from a peak in late fall.

But sea surface temperatures in tropical areas are now warmer during today's La Niña years (when the water is typically cooler) than during El Niño events 40 years ago, says study coauthor Terry Hughes, a coral researcher at James Cook University in Townsville, Australia.

El Niño has helped to boost temperatures this year, as it leads to warmer ocean waters in the tropical Pacific, as well as warmer surface temperatures in many other spots around the globe, including much of the northern half of the U.S..

«In that area, like on the eastern boundaries of other tropical oceans, nutrient - rich waters from deeper water layers are transported to the surface,» explains co-author Prof. Dr. Hermann Bange, also from GEOMAR.

For example, scientists have found that El Niño and La Niña, the periodic warming and cooling of surface waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, are correlated with a higher probability of wet or dry conditions in different regions around the globe.

During normal conditions, trade winds blow to the west across the tropical Pacific Ocean, piling up warm surface water in the western Pacific, and cold, deeper water rises up, or upwells, off the west coast of South America.

Sea surface temperature in North Atlantic and Mediterranean waters triggers tropical cyclones afar

Found in tropical and temperate waters of the western Atlantic, this pelagic, schooling fish usually feeds near the surface.

Explore the ruins, snorkel the reefs, or enjoy the water in a whole new light by dipping a paddle into waters so clear that corals and tropical fish are visible from the surface.

Visiting the colorful marine life below the surface is another favorite activity in our warm tropical waters.

These reefs are found in tropical and subtropical waters and take up a very small percentage of the ocean's surface area.

Bunaken National Park Located on the center of the coral triangle and created in 1991 Bunaken National Park covers a total surface area of 89,065 hectares, 97 % of which is clear, warm tropical water.

This means that, e.g., if heat moves from the tropical surface water (temp about 25C) to surface waters at lower temps, the net effect is a subsidence of sea level — even without any change in total heat content.

The increase in water vapour as the surface warms is key, but so might be changes in boundary layer stability, rossby wave generation via longitudinally varying responses at the surface, impacts of the stratopshere on the steering of the jet, and the situation is completely different again for tropical storms.

Other factors would include: — albedo shifts (both from ice > water, and from increased biological activity, and from edge melt revealing more land, and from more old dust coming to the surface...); — direct effect of CO2 on ice (the former weakens the latter); — increasing, and increasingly warm, rain fall on ice; — «stuck» weather systems bringing more and more warm tropical air ever further toward the poles; — melting of sea ice shelf increasing mobility of glaciers; — sea water getting under parts of the ice sheets where the base is below sea level; — melt water lubricating the ice sheet base; — changes in ocean currents -LRB-?)

In Relationships between Water Vapor Path and Precipitation over the Tropical Oceans, Bretherton et al showed that although the Western Pacific warmer surface waters increased the water in the atmosphere compared to the Eastern Pacific, rainfall was lower in the Western Pacific compared to the Eastern Pacific for equal amounts of water vapor in the atmospheric column — e.g., about 10mm / day in the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amountIn Relationships between Water Vapor Path and Precipitation over the Tropical Oceans, Bretherton et al showed that although the Western Pacific warmer surface waters increased the water in the atmosphere compared to the Eastern Pacific, rainfall was lower in the Western Pacific compared to the Eastern Pacific for equal amounts of water vapor in the atmospheric column — e.g., about 10mm / day in the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amoWater Vapor Path and Precipitation over the Tropical Oceans, Bretherton et al showed that although the Western Pacific warmer surface waters increased the water in the atmosphere compared to the Eastern Pacific, rainfall was lower in the Western Pacific compared to the Eastern Pacific for equal amounts of water vapor in the atmospheric column — e.g., about 10mm / day in the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amowater in the atmosphere compared to the Eastern Pacific, rainfall was lower in the Western Pacific compared to the Eastern Pacific for equal amounts of water vapor in the atmospheric column — e.g., about 10mm / day in the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amountin the atmosphere compared to the Eastern Pacific, rainfall was lower in the Western Pacific compared to the Eastern Pacific for equal amounts of water vapor in the atmospheric column — e.g., about 10mm / day in the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amountin the Western Pacific compared to the Eastern Pacific for equal amounts of water vapor in the atmospheric column — e.g., about 10mm / day in the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amowater vapor in the atmospheric column — e.g., about 10mm / day in the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amountin the atmospheric column — e.g., about 10mm / day in the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amountin the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amountin the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amowater vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amowater vapor amounts.

El Niño is also associated with warm surface water in the eastern tropical Pacific.

This is due to an increase in the trade winds that push water westward across the tropical Pacific, while in the east cold water from the depths comes to the surface (see last graph here).

The thermal coefficient of expansion of sea water is also less virtually anywhere in the ocean than it is at the tropical surface.

[Response: Tropical surface waters remain in pretty close equilibrium with the atmosphere, because they don't mix with deeper waters, because they're warm and buoyant.

The surface waters of the tropical Atlantic are then transported, via the Gulf Stream, towards the high latitudes where they warm the atmosphere before plunging into the abysses in the convection zones situated in the seas of Norway, Greenland and Labrador.

Unlike their better - known tropical cousins, which grow in warm surface waters, these cold - water corals grow very slowly and can live to be many hundreds of years old.

The researchers found that Mount Pinatubo's eruption still kept much of the world dry, even after taking into consideration the drying effects of El Niño an abnormal warming of surface ocean waters in the eastern tropical Pacific.

Dr. Geh Min, former president of Singapore Nature Society, highlighted the unique role of tropical mangrove ecosystems in providing wildlife habitat, curbing coastal erosion caused by intense wave actions or surface runoff, acting as a natural purifier of water, while serving as sitea for human recreation.

Higher surface water temperatures in the tropical oceans mean more energy radiating into the atmosphere to drive tropical storm systems, leading to more - destructive storms.

The increased water vapour blocks long wave radiation which causes an increase in temperature of tropical troposphere at around 8K and an increase in long wave radiation, a portion of which is emitted back down to the surface of the planet to amplify the CO2 forcing.

4) By interpreting the analyss of Bob Tisdale, the global sea surface temperatures used by Endersbee in his calculations have been controlled by warming of the sea surface waters outside the tropical sea surface i.e. mainly by the warming of the sea surface waters of higher latitudes where the sea surface CO2 sinks are.

The main mechanism for wind - driven mixing into the deep ocean (down to around 2000 metres) is via convergence of warm tropical surface water in the subtropical ocean gyres.

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)- the transport of warm tropical surface water northward - is indeed propelled by dense water sinking in the North Atlantic and travelling equatorward in the deeper layers, but it also has a wind - driven component to it.

After entering the Atlantic Ocean, the surface waters join the wind - driven currents in the Atlantic, becoming saltier by evaporation under the intense tropical sun.

That process releases warm water from below the surface of the PWP, shifts it to the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, releases heat there through evaporation, which causes changes in atmospheric circulation, in turn causing SST outside of the tropical Pacific to vary.

Similar processes in the tropical South Atlantic also contribute to the warming of the North Atlantic, since ocean currents carry the warmer - than - normal surface waters from the South Atlantic to the North Atlantic.

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) uses the temperature difference between the warm tropical surface water and the cooler, deep water in the ocean to generate energy.

Harvey's rapid intensification from a tropical depression to an 85 - mile - per - hour hurricane in less than 24 hours was due to favorable conditions — warm water and low wind shear [29]-- in the Gulf of Mexico, where sea surface temperatures were up to 2.7 - 7.2 °F (1.5 - 4 °C) above the 1961 - 1990 average.

Tropical pacific surface waters easily warm just as much in model - runs that apply historical external forcing values and let the simulated ENSO cycle do its random stuff.

As mentioned above, highest surface densities in the world ocean are reached where water is very cold, while lower densities are found in the saltier but warmer tropical and subtropical areas.

Basically, the warm water that was built up during the 1995/96 La Nina collected below the surface of an area in the western tropical Pacific known as the Western Pacific Warm Pool (to depths of 300 meters).

During the El Nino, the discharge phase, warm water that had been stored in the Pacific Warm Pool sloshes to the east where it spreads across the surface, raising sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific.

During the 1997/98 El Nino, the warm water contained in the Western Pacific Warm Pool sloshed east and spread across the surface of the central and eastern tropical Pacific.

You wrote, «In addition to moving warm Pacific water poleward, the removal of the warm Pacific tropical surface waters exposes the atmosphere to huge amounts of cooler sub-surface Pacific water.

In addition to moving warm Pacific water poleward, the removal of the warm Pacific tropical surface waters exposes the atmosphere to huge amounts of cooler sub-surface Pacific water.

It notes that despite the cooling effect of La Niña, most evident in the near - surface waters of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, 1999 was still one of the warmest years in the global historical instrumental record.

The increasing tropical mid-troposphere water vapor in the model makes the warming trend at the 400 mbar pressure level 55 % greater than the surface trend.

However, in the deep tropics, where the theoretical effects on the surface energy budget of temperature - driven changes in evaporation and water vapour are particularly strong, there is a near quarter century record of both SST and tas from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean array of fixed buoys in the Pacific ocean.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140202111055.htm «The satellite observations have shown that warming of the tropical Indian Ocean and tropical Western Pacific Ocean — with resulting increased precipitation and water vapor there — causes the opposite effect of cooling in the TTL region above the warming sea surface.

Hurricanes form in warm tropical waters, drawing strength from the heat of the ocean surface — that's why they are expected to worsen as sea surface temperatures increase.

Soloman and her co-authors argue that El Niño has been one of the drivers of changes in stratospheric water vapor, noting that «The drop in stratospheric water vapor observed after 2001 has been correlated to sea surface temperature (SST) increases in the vicinity of the tropical «warm pool» which are related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO).»

In the summer tropics, outgoing longwave radiative cooling from the surface to space is not effective in the high water vapour, optically thick environment of the tropical oceanIn the summer tropics, outgoing longwave radiative cooling from the surface to space is not effective in the high water vapour, optically thick environment of the tropical oceanin the high water vapour, optically thick environment of the tropical oceans.