Sentences with phrase «in tundra ecosystems»

However, it is important to know whether the response depends on the abundance of grazing animals, particularly reindeer, voles and lemmings, which are very common in tundra ecosystems.

Kim Y, Park S - J, Lee B - Y, Risk D (2016) Continuous measurement of soil carbon efflux with Forced Diffusion (FD) chambers in a tundra ecosystem of Alaska.

Salmon VG, Soucy P, Mauritz M, Celis G, Natali SM, Mack MC, Schuur EAG (2016) Nitrogen availability increases in a tundra ecosystem during five years of experimental permafrost thaw.

Not exact matches

Cores, they argued, must be continental in scale, preserving entire ecosystems: mountain forests, grasslands, tundra, savannah.

A recent scientific paper looking at Latin America lists «similar patterns of ecosystem recovery following rural - urban migration» in Patagonia, northwest Argentina, Ecuador, Mexico, Honduras and the montane deserts and Andean tundra ecosystems of Bolivia, Argentina and Peru.

Mosses in subarctic tundra are colonized by bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2), and together, they can contribute 50 % to total ecosystem N input.

The study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that plants in northern Alaska's tussock tundra took up nitrate at comparable rates to vegetation in nitrate - rich ecosystems.

When the geese arrive in the Arctic to breed, they forage on the sparse tundra vegetation and their droppings fertilize an ecosystem that does not usually receive many nutrients.

Rastetter stresses that more research is needed to confirm the study's findings and to better understand the importance of nitrate relative to other forms of nitrogen in arctic tundra ecosystems.

This pattern has emerged time and again in studies on ecosystems ranging from grasslands to Arctic tundra.

This assumption, however, was contradicted by scientists from the University of Eastern Finland a decade ago, when they discovered that bare peat surfaces in permafrost peatlands are releasing high amounts of N2O, despite the general nitrogen limitation of tundra ecosystems.

This ongoing ice retreat is spawning a variety of changes in the Arctic ecosystem, from increased parasites in caribou herds to a growth in annual tundra fires in Alaska, according to the assessment in Science last week, which reviews prior data.

The introduction of grazers to tundra generates a nutrient cycle that allows grasses to out - compete the tundra flora, converting the ecosystem in a manner that then favors the persistence of grazers and grasses.

Geochemical Influences on Solubility of Soil Organic Carbon in Arctic Tundra Ecosystems.

In the physical world, no two ecosystems resemble each other — the tundra is far different than the desert.

But Dr. Field, a specialist in the flow of greenhouse gases to and from tundra and other ecosystems, said there was little understanding of whether releases of methane from warming soil could move from an amplifier of warming to an overwhelming torrent.

These ecosystems, primarily the Arctic tundra (5), peatlands (1), and tropical rain forests (6, 7, 8), harbor ancient, highly - concentrated carbon stocks, which are rapidly released during fire events like the one in Indonesia.

Climate is the primary factor in determining type of ecosystem (e.g. tundra, coral reef or savannah), and climate changes cause ecosystem changes.

Because CO2 was trapped in oil, tundra, etc., an ecosystem supporting human civilization could exist.

The 19.8 % average increase in aboveground [Arctic tundra] biomass has major implications for Arctic tundra ecosystems, including their hydrology, permafrost and wildlife, and for how humans exploit Arctic landscapes.

I suspect, but don't have the solid evidence yet, that human agency is underestimated as a key factor in stucturing past and present tundra and forest - tundra ecosystems of northwest Eurasia.

In the Arctic, the tipping points identified in the new report, published on Friday, include: growth in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raquIn the Arctic, the tipping points identified in the new report, published on Friday, include: growth in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raquin the new report, published on Friday, include: growth in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raquin vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raquin snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raquin altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.»

The team documented carbon dioxide exchange during 3 years of growing seasons in an upland tundra ecosystem in the northern foothills of the Alaska Range.

According to the IPCC's Table 4.1 (cited three times in the excerpt above), the Malcolm paper, which discusses vegetation only, estimates that different kinds of ecosystems — such as tundra, scrubland, and deciduous forest — could lose between 2 and 47 % of their current area.

Terrestrial ecosystems, such as the Arctic tundra and Amazon rainforest, contain a huge amount of carbon in organic matter such as decaying plant material.

The most affected sectors, meanwhile, will be water (especially in the dry tropics), agriculture (particularly in low latitudes), human health in countries with low adaptive capacity, and ecosystems such as coral reefs, sea - ice biomes, mangrove swamps, salt - marshes, tundra, boreal and mountain systems.

Thawing permafrost also delivers organic - rich soils to lake bottoms, where decomposition in the absence of oxygen releases additional methane.116 Extensive wildfires also release carbon that contributes to climate warming.107, 117,118 The capacity of the Yukon River Basin in Alaska and adjacent Canada to store carbon has been substantially weakened since the 1960s by the combination of warming and thawing of permafrost and by increased wildfire.119 Expansion of tall shrubs and trees into tundra makes the surface darker and rougher, increasing absorption of the sun's energy and further contributing to warming.120 This warming is likely stronger than the potential cooling effects of increased carbon dioxide uptake associated with tree and shrub expansion.121 The shorter snow - covered seasons in Alaska further increase energy absorption by the land surface, an effect only slightly offset by the reduced energy absorption of highly reflective post-fire snow - covered landscapes.121 This spectrum of changes in Alaskan and other high - latitude terrestrial ecosystems jeopardizes efforts by society to use ecosystem carbon management to offset fossil fuel emissions.94, 95,96

Its marine, tundra, boreal (northern) forest, and rainforest ecosystems differ from most of those in other states and are relatively intact.

Emphasizing the realities of climate change impacts in eight ecosystem types in the United States (forest, shrubland, grassland, desert, Arctic tundra, inland water, coastal, and marine), the Strategy is relevant to resource managers, industry representatives, and private landowners nationwide.

Li J, Luo Y, Natali S, Schuur EAG, Xia J, Kowalczyk E, Wang Y (2014) Modeling permafrost thaw and ecosystem carbon cycle under annual and seasonal warming at an Arctic tundra site in Alaska.

Hicks Pries CE, Schuur EAG, Natali SM, Crummer KG (2016) Old soil carbon losses increase with ecosystem respiration in experimentally thawed tundra.

We'll present a couple illustrations before we'll get to the actual publication we hope to discuss — one that compares methodology of science - based and «science - denying» climate websites but that also touches on a subject we personally find far more interesting: what's actually going on in the Arctic, an area that is not only experiencing major physical consequences of climate change, but that is subsequently also set to be a stage for a cascade of ecological consequences of this climate change — both in the Arctic tundra biome and in the adjacent Arctic marine ecosystem.

Thawing permafrost is also expected to alter area landscapes and make local ecosystems more susceptible to long - term damage, in part because permafrost degradation can lead to significant changes in local soil temperatures and moisture levels.14, 20,21 Soils on or near the banks of thermokarst ponds tend to be much drier than those on level tundra, owing to higher soil temperatures and drainage.14, 20,21 On the Seward Peninsula, the banks of these ponds host trees (usually spruces) and shrubs that are otherwise usually absent in the characteristically treeless tundra.14, 21

Our goal is to use satellite data to analyze the whole Arctic tundra and develop classifications of vegetation types and how they function in the ecosystem broadly, as compared to what we've done thus far, which is primarily trying to determine what plant species are there.

Now the researchers, who reported their study in Environmental Research Letters (ERL), would like to perform similar analyses for tropical and boreal forests, tundra and other ecosystems that store huge quantities of carbon.

The systems and sectors are some ecosystems (tundra, boreal forest, mountain, mediterranean - type, mangroves, salt marshes, coral reefs and the sea - ice biome), low - lying coasts, water resources in some dry regions at mid-latitudes and in the dry topics and in areas dependent on snow and ice melt, agriculture in low - latitude regions, and human health in areas with low adaptive capacity.

* At higher projected rates of warming, areas such as the tundra and the Amazon rainforest face a high risk of «abrupt and irreversible» changes in their ecosystems.