Sentences with phrase «in uncertainty assessment»

As IPCC, in a search for objectivity in uncertainty assessment, has turned more to describing uncertainty in terms of the characteristics of ensembles of model outcomes, the deficiency in such an approach (its exclusion or limited treatment of systemic, structural uncertainty in models) has become increasingly apparent to the community (Winsberg 2010; Knutti et al. 2008; Goldstein and Rougier 2009).

Not exact matches

Such factors include, among others, general business, economic, competitive, political and social uncertainties; the actual results of current and future exploration activities; the actual results of reclamation activities; conclusions of economic evaluations; meeting various expected cost estimates; changes in project parameters and / or economic assessments as plans continue to be refined; future prices of metals; possible variations of mineral grade or recovery rates; the risk that actual costs may exceed estimated costs; failure of plant, equipment or processes to operate as anticipated; accidents, labour disputes and other risks of the mining industry; political instability; delays in obtaining governmental approvals or financing or in the completion of development or construction activities, as well as those factors discussed in the section entitled «Risk Factors» in the Company's Annual Information Form for the year ended December 31, 2017 dated March 15, 2018.

Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: our ability to achieve our financial, strategic and operational plans or initiatives; our ability to predict and manage medical costs and price effectively and develop and maintain good relationships with physicians, hospitals and other health care providers; the impact of modifications to our operations and processes; our ability to identify potential strategic acquisitions or transactions and realize the expected benefits of such transactions, including with respect to the Merger; the substantial level of government regulation over our business and the potential effects of new laws or regulations or changes in existing laws or regulations; the outcome of litigation, regulatory audits, investigations, actions and / or guaranty fund assessments; uncertainties surrounding participation in government - sponsored programs such as Medicare; the effectiveness and security of our information technology and other business systems; unfavorable industry, economic or political conditions, including foreign currency movements; acts of war, terrorism, natural disasters or pandemics; our ability to obtain shareholder or regulatory approvals required for the Merger or the requirement to accept conditions that could reduce the anticipated benefits of the Merger as a condition to obtaining regulatory approvals; a longer time than anticipated to consummate the proposed Merger; problems regarding the successful integration of the businesses of Express Scripts and Cigna; unexpected costs regarding the proposed Merger; diversion of management's attention from ongoing business operations and opportunities during the pendency of the Merger; potential litigation associated with the proposed Merger; the ability to retain key personnel; the availability of financing, including relating to the proposed Merger; effects on the businesses as a result of uncertainty surrounding the proposed Merger; as well as more specific risks and uncertainties discussed in our most recent report on Form 10 - K and subsequent reports on Forms 10 - Q and 8 - K available on the Investor Relations section of www.cigna.com as well as on Express Scripts» most recent report on Form 10 - K and subsequent reports on Forms 10 - Q and 8 - K available on the Investor Relations section of www.express-scripts.com.

New Democrat deputy environment critic Michael Sather noted the Liberals have gutted the environmental assessment process, creating uncertainty on the land base and a lack of trust in government's ability to protect the environment.

Furthermore, beyond reacting based on emotion, authoritarian platforms / promises / appeals are based on dead - solid, simple certainty, which directly speaks to the very things causing uncertainty, even if, in the light of a more rational assessment, they really aren't solutions.

ALBANY, N.Y. (AP)-- New York lawmakers pressed top state education officials Tuesday to clarify how school districts can handle uncertainties in state aid levels and dissatisfaction over student assessments.

Reducing uncertainties in the models could lead to better long - term assessments of climate, Esposito says.

«Uncertainties must be taken into account in fisheries stock assessment.»

In her doctoral thesis, Henni Pulkkinen, Researcher at the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), explored how the various sources of uncertainty can be taken into account in fisheries stock assessment by using Bayesian statistical models, which enable extensive combining of informatioIn her doctoral thesis, Henni Pulkkinen, Researcher at the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), explored how the various sources of uncertainty can be taken into account in fisheries stock assessment by using Bayesian statistical models, which enable extensive combining of informatioin fisheries stock assessment by using Bayesian statistical models, which enable extensive combining of information.

She also explores the value of scientific thinking in our everyday lives, including the importance of scale, scientific modeling, uncertainty, and risk assessment.

«There are so many variables that will affect the future of forests in northern Minnesota, forest managers will probably always have to deal with some amount of uncertainty,» said Stephen Handler, lead author of the vulnerability assessment and a climate change specialist with the Northern Institute for Applied Climate Science (NIACS).

(C) potential metrics and approaches for quantifying the climatic effects of black carbon emissions, including its radiative forcing and warming effects, that may be used to compare the climate benefits of different mitigation strategies, including an assessment of the uncertainty in such metrics and approaches; and

In humans, the resulting uncertainty likely impedes psychological and psychiatric assessment and therapy.

While this leads to an elevation in the level of scientific understanding from very low in the TAR to low in this assessment, uncertainties remain large because of the lack of direct observations and incomplete understanding of solar variability mechanisms over long time scales.»

For the assessments of climate impacts made herein, we follow guidance from the National Climate Assessment and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on how to standardize confidence levels and uncertainty characterization in our key messages, as provided below.

The next year, as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was publishing its second major assessment of climate science, Shell found itself in a delicate balancing act between accepting the scientific consensus and arguing that there was still too much uncertainty to dictate aggressive action.

An assessment of climate effects on Montana agriculture is complex because of uncertainties inherent in the timing and manifestation of climate change, and because of complexity in how natural systems, agricultural producers, and market processes will react.

The first installment in the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's latest scientific assessment on climate science came out on Friday, and it's loaded with dense terminology, expressions of uncertainty, and nearly impenetrable graphics.

The substantial uncertainties currently present in the quantitative assessment of large - scale surface temperature changes prior to about A.D. 1600 lower our confidence in this conclusion compared to the high level of confidence we place in the Little Ice Age cooling and 20th century warming.»

Even those who seem comfortable when you first introduce these new challenges early in the year can hit a wall as content and assessment take a turn toward uncertainty, requiring more intense application of their executive function.

What is questionable, however, is the suggestion that value - added assessment is novel, unexamined, and so fraught with uncertainties and limitations that it should not be used in personnel decisions.

And with new, more rigorous standards and assessments in the early years of implementation across most states, and facing political headwinds in many places, the current policy climate is marked by fluctuation and uncertainty.

In self - check activities, students practice what they learned and correct uncertainties before taking assessments.

One emerging theme from these discussions has been the challenges experienced by educators due to the uncertainty of the state's assessments in English language arts (ELA) and math and the impact of administering the existing TCAP exams while meeting the current ELA and math academic standards.

You can't have «rapid» improvements in student performance until the uncertainty that is the current assessment system has settled.

Licensure assessments for those entering teaching reflect this uncertainty; virtually all measure some aspects of candidates» personal content knowledge but few test their knowledge at a standard adequate for teaching it, and even fewer require evidence of performance ability — in part because there is no professional consensus around what a new teacher should be able to do.

«The approaches used in detection and attribution research described above can not fully account for all uncertainties, and thus ultimately expert judgement is required to give a calibrated assessment of whether a specific cause is responsible for a given climate change.

Drs Leonard Smith and Nicholas Stern wrote poignantly about how policy is nearly always set in the context of uncertainty, and that even incomplete scientific assessments can be of great value («Uncertainty in science and its role in climate policy», http://www.lorentzcenter.nl/lc/web/2011/460/presentations/uncertainty, and that even incomplete scientific assessments can be of great value («Uncertainty in science and its role in climate policy», http://www.lorentzcenter.nl/lc/web/2011/460/presentations/Uncertainty in science and its role in climate policy», http://www.lorentzcenter.nl/lc/web/2011/460/presentations/Smith.pdf).

The assessment based on these results typically takes into account the number of studies, the extent to which there is consensus among studies on the significance of detection results, the extent to which there is consensus on the consistency between the observed change and the change expected from forcing, the degree of consistency with other types of evidence, the extent to which known uncertainties are accounted for in and between studies, and whether there might be other physically plausible explanations for the given climate change.

In the case of anthropogenic influence on climate change, I have to strongly disagree with Gavin's assessment that «there are many uncertainties in many of the issues, but you will find all [emphasis is mine] of these outlined in the IPCC reports»In the case of anthropogenic influence on climate change, I have to strongly disagree with Gavin's assessment that «there are many uncertainties in many of the issues, but you will find all [emphasis is mine] of these outlined in the IPCC reports»in many of the issues, but you will find all [emphasis is mine] of these outlined in the IPCC reports»in the IPCC reports».

Uncertainty in climate sensitivity is not going to disappear any time soon, and should therefore be built into assessments of future climate.

While this leads to an elevation in the level of scientific understanding from very low in the TAR to low in this assessment, uncertainties remain large because of the lack of direct observations and incomplete understanding of solar variability mechanisms over long time scales.»

Some attribution assessments that link events to dynamically driven changes in circulation have been criticized on the grounds that small signal - to - noise ratios, modeling deficiencies, and uncertainties in the effects of climate forcings on circulation render conclusions unreliable and prone to downplaying the role of anthropogenic change.

As Will Steffen points out in his earlier response, it would have been scientifically more correct for Ellis et al. to refer not only to their own assessment of uncertainties regarding a potential biosphere tipping point but also to the response to their article by Terry Hughes et al. (2014).

My point is that in terms of a risk assessment, the uncertainty range that one needs to consider is in my view substantially larger than 18 - 59 cm.

«In terms of a risk assessment, the uncertainty range that one needs to consider is in my view substantially larger than 18 - 59 cm... [T] his discussion has all been about sea level rise until the year 209In terms of a risk assessment, the uncertainty range that one needs to consider is in my view substantially larger than 18 - 59 cm... [T] his discussion has all been about sea level rise until the year 209in my view substantially larger than 18 - 59 cm... [T] his discussion has all been about sea level rise until the year 2095.

Australian climate scientist David Karoly, professor of atmospheric science at the University of Melbourne and a review editor of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's fifth assessment report, said he did not believe uncertainty was underplayed in the IPCC assessments.

It's risk assessment theory that is the more appropriate mode of thinking in debating the risks of CO2, knowing what we know about risk / uncertainty of the carbon cycle, paleo - research, modelling, observations, etc..

His research goals include improving accuracy of resource assessment, obtaining reliable uncertainty estimation and modelling wake effects and applying satellite derived winds in resource assessment systems.

These issues, which are either not recognized at all in the assessments or are understated, include: - the identification of a warm bias in nighttime minimum temperatures - poor siting of the instrumentation to measure temperatures - the influence of trends in surface air water vapor content on temperature trends - the quantification of uncertainties in the homogenization of surface temperature data, and the influence of land use / land cover change on surface temperature trends.

Taken together, the combined evidence increases the level of confidence in the attribution of observed climate change, and reduces the uncertainties associated with assessment based on a single climate variable.

Although the small number of impact assessments that evaluate stabilisation scenarios do not take full account of uncertainties in projected climate under stabilisation, they nevertheless provide indications of damages avoided and risks reduced for different amounts of emissions reduction.

Indeed, the FAR widened the likely range of temperature increase for a doubling of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from the previous assessment, indicating greater uncertainty, not less, about this issue.

My interest is in dealing with the measurements we have, so as to inform probabilities, so that risk assessment can be performed, so that policies can be developed in the face of uncertainties.

Wallach, D., L.O. Mearns, M. Rivington, J.M. Antle, and A.C. Ruane, 2015: Uncertainty in agricultural impact assessment.

For policy - relevant science and regulatory science, more formal methods of uncertainty characterization and management should be used in scientific research and assessments.»

That doesn't mean that I think that mature people can't, under the right circumstances, engage in productive risk assessment so as to develop policies in the face of uncertainties about the impact of ACO2 on the climate.

Contribution from working group I to the fifth assessment report by IPCC TS.5.4.1 Projected Near - term Changes in Climate Projections of near - term climate show small sensitivity to Green House Gas scenarios compared to model spread, but substantial sensitivity to uncertainties in aerosol emissions, especially on regional scales and for hydrological cycle variables.

These accounts explicitly state sources of uncertainty in the methods used by the studies that comprise the assessment.

Each contribution was reviewed externally and within the editorial structure of Climatic Change for accuracy in its portrayal of historical context and underlying science, but every author has been allowed to express his or her own opinion about how well the IPCC in general and the uncertainty guidance documents in particular have served IPCC's various clients — readers of the full assessments, readers of the technical summaries, and readers who have confined their attention to the overarching summaries for policymakers and synthesis reports.